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Six Shillings, THE POCKET FORMULARY AND SYNOPSIS OF THE BRITISH AND FOREIGN PHARMACOPCEIAS. THE DRUGGIST’S GENERAL RECEIPT BOOK; COMPIUSINQ A COPIOUS VETERINARY FORMULARY, AND TABLE OF VETERINARY MATERIA MEDIC A; NUMEROUS RECIPES IN PATENT AND PEOPIiTETAEY MEDICINES, DHUGGISTS’ NOSTRUMS, ETC. ; perfumer!) nnU CDosmctics ; BEVERAGES, DIETETIC ARTICLES, AND CONDIMENTS; TRADE CHEMICALS, &c. WITH AN APPENDIX OP USEFUL TABLES. BY HENRY BEASLEY. Second lEUition, COIUIECTED AND IMPROVED. LONDON: JOHN CHURCHILL, PRINCES STREET, SOHO. MDCCCLII. LONDON : SWILL AND F.DWARDS, PRINTEns. CHANDOS STREET. historical ; medical / .•A/ WELLCC:'1£ Vvisnfu 't Coll. lOmec Call No. 1 ADVRRTISEMENT TO THE FIRST EDITION. Encouraged by the favourable reception of bis former work, and by the communications be bas received from known and unknown correspondents in reference to bis present under- taking, tbe compiler ventures to commit another volume to tbe press. He does so not without considerable diffidence ; but conscious that be bas diligently endeavoured to produce a work wbicb shall be useful to those for whom it is de- signed, be hopes it will be received by them with tbe indul- gence accorded to its predecessor. It bas been bis aim to collect from various and widely-scattered sources, and to condense into a volume of small size and convenient arrangement, a considerable amount of information that may be useful to the Chemists aud Druggists of this king- dom. And however imperfectly be may have accomplished bis purpose, be trusts that every purchaser will be able to find, ill tbe multifarious contents of this little work, some- thing that may be deemed an equivalent for so small an outlay. Tbe plan of tbe work, and tbe subjects wbicb it embraces, will be sufficiently obvious from tbe table of contents. Nov. 184:9. ADVERTISEMENT TO THE SECOND EDMON. In preparing this Second Edition of tbe Druggist’s General Receipt Book, tbe editor bas not deemed it e.xpedient to alter tbe arrangement and general features of tbe work ; bu tbe whole bas undergone a careful revision ; and numerous corrections and additions have been made, wbicb be trusts will be regarded as improvements. Jan. 1852. CONTENTS. Page Veterinaiiy Mateuia Medica 1 Veterinaky Formulary 41 ^Medicines for Horses 41 Balls and Ball Masses 41 Electuaries, Confections, &c .'lO Powders .08 Liquid Medicines — DrencLes . . . . *•. . Gl Tinctures, Solutions, &c 7S Glysters 74 External Applications — Liniments 7G Embrocations and Lotions 81 Caustics . . 8G Fomentations 88 Eye Waters 88 Sundry Solutions 90 Poultices 91 Ointments 99 Charges 10.3 Powders (for outward use) 104 Medicines for Cattle 100 Drenches, &c lOG for Calves 117 External Applications — Lotions 119 Eye Waters 12Q Embrocations and Liniments 121 Ointments, &c 122 Aledicines for Sheep and Lambs 125 Drenches, &c 125 External Applications — Eye Waters .... 129 Washes and Powders 130 Ointments 131 Medicines for Swine 134 CONTENTS. Vll Page Medicines for Dogs D50 External Applications 144 Medicines for Poultry and Eabbits 148 Patent and Peoprietahy Medicines, Druggists’ Nostrums, &c 151 Factitious Mineral Waters, and Powders for pro- ducing them 187 Perfumery 104 Distilled Waters 194 Spirituous Waters, Eaux, Esprits 195 Tinctures used in Perfumery 201 Essences, Extraits 202 Common French Essences, Spirits, and Waters . 204 Ammoniated Perfumes . 205 Acetic Perfumes 200 Pot Pourri, Scented Powders, &c 208 Pastiles 209 Cosmetics 212 Skin Cosmetics- — Lotions 212 Pastes, Pomades, Cold Cream, &c 213 Face Paints 217 Toilet Soaps 218 Shaving Compounds ... 221 Hair Cosmetics 222 Compounds to promote the Growth of the Hair 222 Liquid ditto 224 Pomatums, Lotions, for embellishing the Hair, &c 220 Huiles Antiques 229 Washes for Cleansing the Hair 231 Compounds for Stifl'ening the Hair .... 232 Hair Dyes 232 Depilatories 235 Teeth and Mouth Cosmetics 230 viii CONTENTS, Page Tooth Powders Tooth Pastes 210 Astringent Tinctures — Mouth Washes . . . 212 Tinctures, &c. for Toothache 211 Pastes for Toothache 210 Cements for Stopping Teeth, &c 217 Beverages, Dietetic Articles, and Condiments . 250 Beverages, and Powders for preparing tliem . . 250 Dietetic Articles — Directions for using .... 257 Condiments, &c 208 Curry Powders, Mixed Spices, &c 208 Culinary Essences, Tinctures, &c 271 Culinary Vinegars, Sauces, &c 272 Pickles 275 Trade Chemicals ; Miscellaneous Preparations and Compounds used in the Arts, in Domestic Economy, Chemical Research and Recreation, &c 280 Appendix. Tables of Weights and Measures 415 Comparison of Thermometric Scales 422 Effects of Temperature 123 Specific Gravities 425 Table of Chemical Equivalents 127 Table of Composition, Equivalent number, and Symbols of some of the more important Com pounds employed in Pharmacy and the Arts . 42!) Table of Neutralizing Proportions, &c 431 Table of the Relation between tbe principal Areo- meters for liquids lighter than water .... 435 Specific Gravities corresponding with the degrees of Baume’s Areometer for liquids heavier than water 43G Index 437 VETERINARY MATERIA MEDICA. A Table of the Properties and Doses of the Principal Medicinal Substances used in Veterinary practice. N.B. — Where the doses are given without mentioning the animal intended, it must always he understood to refer to the Horse. Acetate of Ammonia. Spirit of Mindererus. Diaphoretic and diuretic. It is also regarded as antiseptic. Dose, for horses and cattle, from 4 to 8 oz. For smaller animals, from 2 to 8 dr. Externally, in strains, ophthalmia, &c. Acetate of Copper. See Verdigris and Copper. Acetate of Lead. Astringent and sedative ; in doses of 30 to 40 grains with opium, in internal haemorrhage, chronic diabetes, and diarrhoea; but chiefly used exter- nally, in cooling lotions, eye-waters, ointments, &c. (For Diacetate of Lead, see Goulard's Extract.) As antidotes far an ovei'dose give Epsom or Glauber’s Salts, with opiates if required. Acetate OF Potash. Diuretic and cooling: dose for horse and cattle, 2 oz. In much larger doses it is laxative, but not to be depended on. Acetate of Soda. Similar in properties and uses to Ace- tate of Potash. Acetic Acid. — Strong acetic (or pyroligneous) acid acts as B 2 VETEBINAEY MATEEIA MEDICA. a rubefacient and caustic, but is rarely em])loyed for this purpose. In the weaker forms of common, or distilled vinegar, or diluted wood vinegar, it is frequently used. See Vinegar. Acids. See Muriatic Acid, Nitric Acid, Prussic Acid, Sul- phuric Acid, &c. Acupuncturatiok. Used in some spasmodic and paralytic affections. jEgyptiacum. — A preparation of verdigris and honey. A mild caustic, used as a local application to ulcers of the mouth, running thrush, grease, &c. Internally poisonous. jEther. See Ether. Alcohol. Poisonous to all animals — 2 drachms will kill a dog. See Spirits, Ardent. Allspice. Pimento. A useful stimulant and carminative ; used in cordial balls and drinks, and to correct the action of purgatives. Dose for horses, 2 to 4 dr. : cattle, ^ oz. to 1 oz. Dose of the Tincture, 4 ounces, in gripes. Aloes. The most valuable purgative for the horse, but not to be depended on for cattle and sheep. A horse requires from 4 to 8 dr. of Barbadoes aloes, from 5 to !J dr. of Socotiine, and from 6 to 10 of Cape. Mr. Youatt says 3 dr. of Barbadoes are equal to 4 of Cape. But the fine gourd Barbadoes aloes are the most certain in their opera- tion. If the animal is prepared by previous mashes, 5 dr. are generally, and 6 dr. almost always sufficient. Mr. Blaine recommends 2 dr. every 6 hours till 8 dr. have been taken, as a nauseant aud purgative; but Mr. Youatt strongly disapproves of this plan, particularly in inflam- mation of the lungs. Aloes require from 18 to 36 hours to produce their effect, during which time the horse should not be ridden far or fast. Though not to be depended on for cattle, 4 to 6 dr. are sometimes added to the purga- tive salts. Large doses (in some cases sufficient to de- stroy life) have been given to sheep without purging. Small dogs require from 15 to 30 gr. ; medium sized ones, a dr. ; some larger ones require 2 dr., or more. Hogs can bear but a few grains. Externally, in the form of tinc- ture, aloes is used as a stimulating application to wounds. Alum. Astringent and styptic. Given in doses of 2 to 4 VETEEINAEY MATEEIA MKDICA. 3 dr. to horses in diabetes and diarrhoea ; but Bouroelat says that its too frequent use induces a phthisical con- dition. Cattle require from 2 to 6 or 8 drachms in diabetes and red water ; and from 2 to 4 oz. are given to cows, to dry their milk. To calves and lambs it is given in dr. doses, in warm milk, for diarrhoea, &c. Dogs, 10 to 15 gr. Externally it is applied to cracked and greasy heels, joint wounds, sore mouths, inflammation of the eye, chronic discharges from the nostrils, and to arrest bleed- ing from wounds. Hiiriit alum is more powerful, and is used as a mild caustic, mixed with honey, to fungous growths, sore months, &c. Alteratives. Medicines, which, without producing any considerable immediate sensible operation, and without interfering with food or work, effect a slow change in the diseased action of certain parts, so as gradually to restore a healthy state. Ammonia, Carbonate or Sesqcicarbonate of. Volatile Salts. Stimulant and antacid. Dose, 1 dr. to 2 dr. ^Moiroud says from 2 to 8 dr.] to horses in tympanitis, and the last stage of pneumonia. To cattle, in hoven (distention from the fermentation of green food) 1 to 4 dr. [Moiboud says to 12 dr.] The solution of car- bonate of ammonia has the same properties as the spirit of hartshorn, which see. Ammonia, Aromatic Spirit of. Properties as the last Dose, ^ oz. to 1 oz. ; or to cattle in hoven, 2 to 4 oz. Ammonia, Liquid. Water of ammonia is more pungent and stimulant than the carbonate, and is used for the same purposes, particularly in tympanitis and hoven, largely diluted with water or some aromatic infusion ; but is chiefly used externally in stimulating liniments ; also both internally and outwardly as an antidote to the bite of vipers. The dose of common water of ammonia may be from 2 to G dr.; or for cattle to 2 ounces. For small animals from ^ dr. to 1^. The vapour from the liquid ammonia (applied by holding an open bottle containing it to the eye) is used for the relief of amaurosis and other chronic affections of the eye. Ammonia, Acetate of. See Acetate of Ammonia. 4 VETEEINAIiT MATEEIA MEDICA. Ammonia, Mukiate of. See Muriate of Ammonia. Analeptics. Medicines or food which restore exhausted strength. Angelica. The root, in powder or infusion, is a warm tonic. Dose, oz. to 2 oz. Aniseed. This warm seed is used as a cordial, carmina- tive, and pectoral. Dose for the horse, ^ oz. to 1 oz • or f dr. of the essential oil. The latter is often added to purgatives to prevent griping. Cattle take 1 or 2 oz of the powdered seeds. The oil is said to be poisonous to pigeons. Anodynes. Medicines which alleviate pain. Opium is chiefly employed for this purpose. Antimonials. The preparations of antimony (besides their effect in producing vomiting in carnivorous animals) are considered to have a special action on the skin and lungs They are also termed resolvent, and purifiers of the blood’ and are supposed to be useful in visceral and glandular obstructions, farcy, &c. Mr. Blaine says “ they lessen arterial action without operating very sensibly either in nauseating the stomach or greatly relaxing the skin ” Some writers attribute diuretic effects to them. They are also said to promote condition. Pigs are supposed to fatten under their use. The principal preparations' em- ployed in veterinary practice are mentioned below Antimony, Cbude. Jilack {or sesqui) Sulphuret 'of Anti- many. Diaphoretic and alterative. The levigated (pre- pared antimony) is to be preferred. Given to horses in doses of from 2 to C dr., with nitre and sulphur in surfeit, hide bound, and other skin diseases; and to improve the coat. Mr. Youatt says the dose should not exceed 4 dr. For cattle, the dose is sometimes increased to 2 or ;i oz. Dogs take from 10 to 30 grains. Hons a draclim or more, daily. ^ ’ Antimony, Liver of (Hepar Anlimonii), and Crocus of Antimony (Crocus Metallorum), are occasionally used in veterinary practice ; but are uncertain in their composition and effect. Dose, 1 or 2 drs. Mr. Clark says these compounds, and the glass of antimony, derano-e the stomach, but that it is doubtful if they have any other'effect TETEKINARY MATERIA MEDICA. 5 Antimony, Calx OF. Diaphoretic. Dose, 2 to 4 dr. Antimonial Powder. Similar to .lames’s powder. Diapho- retic. In colds, fevers, inflammations, &c. : Dose, for horses or cattle, 1 or 2 dr. ; swine, G grains ; dogs, from 2 to 0 grains. Antimony, Precipitated Sulphdret of. Dose ^ dr. to 2 dr. in obstinate skin diseases. Antimony, Tart.\rized. Emetic Tavtav. Diaphoretic, ex- pectorant, and reduces arterial action. It is also regarded as diuretic and vermifuge. Dose, f dr. to dr. in gruel, 3 times a day, in fevers, in inflammation of the lungs, and catarrhal affections. To destroy worms, 2 dr. may be given with powdered tin, or some other mechanical ver- mifuge, fasting, and followed by aloes; or 1 dr. for 0 mornings, followed on the 7th by a dose of physic.^ Mr. White says he has not seen any good effect from it as a vermifuge. Cattle require from ^ dr. to 1 dr. Sheep, from 10 to 20 gr. To swine and dogs it is emetic: the former require from 2 to b gr.; the latter, from I to 3 gr. Externally, it produces an eruption on the skin. Antimony, Butter of. Muriate or Chl-oride of Antimony. Used externally only, as a caustic in canker, &c. Antiperiodics. Remedies against those diseases which return at regular intervals, ns agues. Antiseptics. Remedies which resist putrefaction. Antispasmodics. Medicines which relieve spasm, as opium, ether, camphor, ammonia, ardent spirits, &c. Arnica. Nervine, stimulant, and diaphoretic. 40 to 60 gr. of the powdered plant (the flowers in preference) have been given twice a day for paralysis, amaurosis, rheuma- tism, blows or falls, &c. A decoction may be used out- wardly as a fomentation to bruises, wounds, &c. Aristolochia. See Birthwort. Arsenic. White Arsenic, or Arscnious Acid. Very poi- sonous to all animals. In small doses, tonic and altera- tive, but requires to be carefully watched. It has been given, in doses of 2 gr. gradually increased to 20, in farcy and glanders. Externally, ns a caustic, but dan- gerous and unmanageable. Used in solution to destroy vermin in cattle and sheep ; but it is not free from danger. B 2 G ViJTEEINAEY MATEEIA MEDICA. Mr. Youatt remarks — “ We have better and safer tonics, and better and safer caustics.” The best antidotes are, hydrated oxide of iron, and calcined magnesia, in very large quantities, or a mixture of lime water and linseed oil. Assafcetida. Stimulant, autispasmodic, and expectorant. It is prescribed in nervous affections and chronic coughs ; also in farcy and worms ; and to increase the appetite and digestion. Uie dose is ^ dr. to 2 dr. ; but according to Moiroud, may be carried to 2 oz. for tbe horse, and 2 or 3 oz. for horned cattle. Externally it is applied to indo- lent tumours, &c. Astringents. Medicines which produce a more obvious and decided constriction of tbe muscular fibres than the simple tonics. Balsams. Natural balsams appear to act on the mucous membrane generally ; but are chiefly given as diuretics and expectorants. See Balsam of Canada, copaiva, Peru, &c. ’ Balsam of Canada. Diuretic. Dose, ^ oz. to 1 oz. Balsam of Copaiva. As a diuretic to horses, ^ oz. to 1 oz.; as an expectorant in chronic coughs, 1 or 2 dr. For dogs, ^ dr. to 1 dr. Balsam, Fryar’s. Comp. Tincture of Benzoin. It is some- times given in ^-oz. doses to horses, in chronic cough, mixed with yelk of egg, gruel, or linseed tea. But more frequently applied to wounds, indolent ulcers, &c. Balsam Lucatelli. Dose, ^ oz. in old coughs. Balsam of Tolu, and of Peru. 2 dr. in old coughs ; but too expensive. Balsam of Sulphur. A stimulating expectorant in old coughs, in doses of ^ oz. or 1 oz. Sometimes used as an outward application. Barbadoes Tar. Stimulant, diuretic, and expectorant. Dose, 1 to 4 dr. or more [2 to 4 ounces — Morton], in old coughs, and chronic chest affections. Externally in skin diseases, wounds, grease, &c. Bark, Peruvian. Tonic, astringent, antiseptic, and anti- periodic. Dose for a horse, 6 or 8 dr. [to 2 or 3 oz. — Moiroud] in. diabetes, general weakness, a tendency VETEKINARY MATERIA MEDICA. 7 to gaiigi'ene, &c. To stniill animals, 1 or 2 dr. Applied also to indolent and foul ulcers. Barley. Tbe decoction (of Scotch or pearled barley in pre- ference) is given as an emollient, demulcent, or diluent drink in iutlammatory diseases; more frequently as a vehicle for more active remedies. Barytes. All its compounds are poisonous. Tbe follow- ing doses have been given in farcy and glanders ; Muriate of barytes, 20 gr. gradually increased to (30: pure barytes, 10 to 20 gr. ; carbonate, 1 to 4 dr. A dog was killed by 15 gr. Basilicon, Yellow and Black. JResiti Cerate. See V. Formulary (Digestive Ointments). Bay Berries. Stomachic and carminative. An ingredient in diapente, but rarely given alone. Dose of the pow- dered berries, ^ oz., or of tbe oil of bays, ^ dr. to a dr. Tbe leaves are used in fomentations. Belladonna. Deadly Niyhtshadc, Narcotic and seda- tive. Dose, of tbe extract from 1 to 4 dr., in diseases where there is undue aetion of the nervous and vasculai svstems, ^Mavor.) M. Moibodd directs from (3 to 8 dr. of tbe powder. For dogs, from 2 to 8 gr. of tbe powder. Tbe extract is also applied to tbe eye, to dilate tbe pupil. Bennet, Herb. Avens. Tonic and Astringent. Dose, of tbe powdered root ^ oz. to 1 oz. or more. Benzoin. Stimulant and expectorant. Dose, 1 to 3 dr. But seldom used. Externally it is used, in balsamic tinctures, to wounds, ulcers, &c. See Tincture of Ben- zoin. Bibthwort. a gentle stimulant, supposed to act espe- cially on tbe uterine system. Dose, ^ oz. It is given to cows in cleansing drinks, but is of doubtful utility. Bistort Boot. Astringent. Dose, 4 to 8 dr. [or- 2 oz., Moiroud.] Tbe decoction is used also as an astringent and cleansing lotion. Bitter-Sweet. Dulcamara. Diuretic, narcotic, and alte- rative. Dose, I oz. in decoction. Bitter Apple. See Colocyntb. Bleeding. Tbe quantity of blood usually abstracted from tbe horse is from 2 to 4, or, in some cases, U or 8 quarts ; 8 VETEEINAEY MATEEIA MEDICA. or until fiiiutness is produced. From cattle, from 2 to 6 quarts, or till faint. Sbeep, 10 ounces. Lambs, 4 oz. Bogs, in the proportion of 1 oz. for every 3 It), weight. [Or 1 or 2 oz. from a very small dog; 7 or 8 oz. from a larger one. — Mr. Youatt.] Blistering Fly. See Cantharides. Blisters are applied in the form of ointments, or liniments, to excite super- ficial inflammation, attended with vesication; and are intended to draw away inflammatory action from more deeply-seated, but not distant parts. Also to excite the action of the absorbents, and to promote suppuration. See Blistering Ointment, and Liquid Blister, in the Formulary. Blue Vitriol. See Copper, Sulphate of. Bole, Armenian. Slightly astringent, and absorbent. Dose, 5 oz. to 2 oz., in diarrhoea, bloody urine, &c. A common ingredient in drenches to dry tile milk of cows ; dose, 1 to 3 oz. It is also used outwardly as an astrin- gent and desiccative. Borage. A decoction of the plant is pectoral and demulcent. Borax. Detergent. Applied to sore mouths, mixed with honey. It is supposed to be a uterine stimulant, but is not often used in veterinary practice as an internal remedy. Box Leaves. They are given, chopped with corn, as a vermifuge. They are also used as a preventive of hydro- phobia. (See the V. Formulary.) The rasped wood is con- sidered sudorific, and prescribed in rheumatic and skin diseases, and even in farcy and glanders. Bran. Mucilaginous, and slightly laxative: given in mashes. Brandy. See Spirits, Ardent. Briony. White briony root is poisonous, f oz. killed a dog. Bromine. Poisonous. 5 gr. killed a dog. Its medical use is not well ascertained, but appears analogous to that of iodine. Broom. The Spanish broom, and particularly the seeds, supposed to produce inflammation of the bladder in sheep and cattle. VETERIKARY MATERIA MEDICA. 9 Bdckwheat. Slightly laxative, but chiefly used to fatten poultry. Buckthobn. Purgative; principally administered to dogs. Bose of the juice, 2 or 3 dr. ; but usually given in the form of syrup. See Syrup of Buckthoru. The berries are more active, but seldom employed. Burdock. Diuretic and sudorific. Used, but rarely, in rheumatism, aud skin diseases. Burgundy Pitch. Similar to resin in its properties. It is chiefly used outwardly, in charges, &c. Butter of Antimony. Chloride of Antimony. See Anti- mony, Muriate of. Cabbage Tree Bark. Vermifuge. Dose for a horse, 2 to •4 dr. But rarely used. Calamine, or Lapis Calaminabis. Slightly astringent, drying, and healing. Sprinkled on excoriations and sores ; and used in ointments, lotions, eyewaters, &c. The greater part of what is sold is factitious, aud only calcu- lated to do harm. Calamus Aromaticus. Sweet flag. A warm stomachic. Dose, from 1 oz. to 2 or 3 oz. in infusion. Calomel. Alterative, vermifuge, sialogogue, purgative; it also increases the action of diuretics and diaphoretics, lu doses of 1 or 2 dr., [20 to 00 grains, Youatt], com- bined with or followed by aloes, it is given to horses for worms; or from 10 to 20 gr. as an alterative, in skin dis- eases, grease, farcy, constitutional afiectious, &c. If too often repeated, it salivates. It does not agree with cattle (see Mercury), but is sometimes given, in doses of from 10 to 20 gr., in inflammation of the liver, and jaundice. Some writers mention much larger doses. On dogs it acts as a purgative, and often as an emetic, and it is very apt to salivate. The same applies to swine. Dose for dogs, 1 or 2 gr. [Never exceeding 3. — ^Youatt.] Many dogs are destroyed by calomel. Hogs require 3 to 5 gr. Poultry should not have more than a grain, in divided doses, in the day. Calu-mbo. Tonic. Dose of the powdered root, from 2 to 4 dr. Camphor is reputed antispasmodic, narcotic, and diuretic. 10 VETEKINAUY MATEEIA MEDICA. It assists the action of diaphoretics; and is frequently added to fever medicines to allay irritation; and as an antiseptic in malignant epidemics, &c. Dose, 1 or 2 dr. MoinouD says 2 to 12 dr. Its use is questionable where active inflammation exists. Externally it is used as a discutient and anodyne, in embrocations, eye waters, &c. Its vapours are thought to act favourably on old coughs. Canella Bark. A warm tonic. Dose, for horses, 2 to 4- dr. ; for cattle, 2 to (i dr. Canthabides. Stimulant and diuretic. Mr. Vines says, “ Of all medicines given for farcy and glanders none equal eantharides ;” but they should not be given too early, nor without due caution. [Mr. Blaine.] Dose, in debility, 13 to 5 gr. ; in dropsy, farcy, and glanders, !) to 8 gr. daily, gradually increasing the dose to 15 gr., sus- pending their use for a time when their diuretic effect is manifest. Of the tincture, 2 to 3 dr. in incontinence of urine; and from ^ oz. to 2 oz. in red water. The practice of giving eantharides as a venereal stimulant is reprobated by the best authorities. Externally it is used in blistering and stimulating ointments and liniments. It does not permanently blemish, but this effect is often produced by other ingredients combined with it in blistering oint- ments. Capsicum. Cayenne pepper. A hot stimulant. From 10 to 20 grs. may be given in weakness of the stomach, and from 20 to 60 gr. in flatulent colic; but probably it is not superior to other spices. It is also used externally as a stimulant. Carbonate of Ammonia; Carbonate of potash; and car- bonate of soda. See Ammonia, carbonate ; potash, sub- carbonate ; soda, subcarbonate. Cab.away Seeds. Carminative and stomachic. Dose, ^ oz. to 1 oz. ; or double that quantity to cattle. Used in cordial balls and drenches; and often added to purgatives, to prevent griping. The essential oil is used for the same purposes, in doses of 10 to 30 drops. Mr. Youatt considers caraway and ginger the only cordials required for the horse. Cardamom Seeds. Carminative. Dose, 1 to 4 dr. VETEEINABY MATEHIA MEDICA. 11 Carminatives are stimulants wliich by tbeir rapid impres- sion on the stomach, &c., occasion the expulsion of wind, and relief of pain. Carrots. Eestorative and alterative. Given to horses as food after severe illnesses ; and in coughs, grease, foul humours, &c. Externally in poultices. Cascarilla. a warm, bitter tonic. Dose, 2 or 3 dr. Cassia. A warm stimulant. Dose, 1 to 2 dr. Castor. Antispasmodic. ^ oz. has been given in locked jaw. But rarely used. Castor Oil. Laxative. It is uncertain as a purgative for the horse, and sometimes produces much iiTitaiion in large doses. ^ pint may be given every six hours till it operates, with watery solution of aloes. Cattle require a pound, or pint ; calves, 2 to 4 oz.; sheep and swine, I to 2 oz.; dogs, 2 to 4 dr., with syrup of buckthorn. The seeds are more active: from 2 to 6 are sometimes giien to swine and dogs, crushed and mixed with food ; but from their effects on man, their use would seem to require caution. Catechu. Terra Japonica. Astringent. Dose for a horse, in diabetes, diarrhoea, &c., 1 or 2 dr. [Youatt], or to 1 oz. [Blaine] ; cattle, 2 to 4 dr., in gruel. [It is usu- ally combined with chalk, opium, and gum Youatt.] Dogs require from 10 to 40 gr. In India it is said to be given in doses of 2 oz., for the purpose of taming vicious horses. The tincture is useful in promoting the healing of wounds. Cathartics. Purgatives (which see). Caustics. Solid or liquid substances which burn or destroy the part to which they are applied. Actual caustic is burn- ing with an iron heated to whiteness. Chalk. Antacid and astringent. Horses require from A oz. to 1 oz. ; cattle, 1 or 2 oz. ; sheep and swine 1 dr. ; dogs, 10 to 20 gr. It is often combined with catechu. Externally it is sprinkled on sores. Chamomile. A mild tonic, stomachic, and febrifuge. Dose, 1 to 4 dr. of the powdered flowers, or an infusion of oz. of the flowers in a quart of water, in debility of tbe stomach, flatulence, and in the last stage of fevers, and 12 VETERINARY MATERIA MEDICA. iiitliienzo. It is the first touic that should be used in convalescence. Ginger, or some other aromatic, is usually joined with it. Charcoal. Antiseptic. Used as an application to foul ulcers, either sprinkled on them, or mixed with poultices. Charges. Compositions of an adhesive nature, usually mixed with tow, which adhere to the part to which they are applied for some time. See V. Formulary. Chlorate of Potash. Mr. Morton states that Mr. StMONDS found it useful in hoven and tympatiitis. Dose, 1 to 2 dr. Chloride of Lime. Antiseptic and disinfectant. From 2 to 4 dr. in a quart of water, given to horses in flatulent colic, and to cattle in hoven; and in putrescent diseases. Externally, as a wash for mange, foul ulcers, &c., and as a disinfectant, ^ oz. to be well mixed with a pint of water, and after a time decanted or strained. Chloride of Potash. Eau de Javelle, Recommended by French authors for the same purposes as the chlorides of lime and soda. Dose, for hoven or tympanitis, ^ oz. to I oz. ; for sheep, 1- oz., in water, with or without the addition of ether. Chloride of Soda. Labarraque’s Disinfecting Solution. The properties and uses are the same as chloride of lime ; perhaps better adapted for internal use. Dose, 2 to 4 dr. of the solution, gradually increased to 1 oz. or more, largely diluted. It has been tried in glanders. As a lotion, about 1 oz. to a innt of water. Chlorine. Antiseptic. A strong watery solution of chlo- rine gas is antiseptic — in large doses poisonous. It is used for the same purposes as the clilorides of lime, potash, and soda, but the latter are preferable. Chloride of Antimony. See Antimony, Butter of. Chloride of Zinc. It is a powerful caustic. A diluted solution is used as a disinfectant. Chloroform. Used to produce insensibility to pain in the some manner as ether; and as a remedy for Tetanus. Cinchona. See Bark, Peruvian. Cinnabar and Vermillion. Native and factitious red sul- phurct of mercury. Alterative and vermifuge ? Dose, }, oz. VETEiilNAEY MATEBIA MEDICA. 13 iliiily to horses, in skin diseases and obstinate coughs. Formerly given in larger doses, as a vermifuge. Cinualuir of Antimony, so called from the mode of prepai’ation, does not ditler from common vermillion in its properties. Care must be taken to get pure vermillion, as this compound, being used as a pigment, is sometimes adulterated with red-lead and other poisonous mixture. CixNAMON. Stimulant and carminative. Dose, 2 dr. ; but cassia is usually substituted for it. Cloves. A hot stimulant, cordial, and carminative. Bose, 1 to 3 drachms in powder; or from 10 to 20 drops of the oil; the latter is a frequent adjunct to purging balls, to prevent griping. They are also an ingredient in Mastica- tories. Clysters. These are injected into the rectum by a proper syringe, or a bladder and pipe, either to unload the bowels, abate inflammation and pain, or to act on the sys- tem generally, when medicines cannot be given by the mouth. See V. Formulary. CoLCHicuM. Poisonous to most animals. A diuretic and drastic purgative, chiefly used in rheumatic affections. Dr. Lemaxn found it useful in constitutional ophthalmia, and in pneumonia, in doses of a drachm, twice a day, with nitre. According to M. Moiroud, the dose for larger animals is from 1 to 2 dr. For smaller C or 8 gr. CoLOCYNTH. Bitter apple. It has little effect on the horse. It is purgative to dogs, and in large doses poisonous. Confection of Opium. Anodyne and carminative. Dose, 4 to 0 dr., in ‘flatulent colic. Confection of Hoses. Slightly astringent; but only used to form astrlngentvpowders iScc. into balls. Masses formed with it retain their consistence well. CoPAiVA. See Balsam\f Copaiva. Copper. All the compounds of this metal are poisonous. In small doses they are tonic. The antidotes are white of eggs, milk', iron filings, or hydrated sulphuret of iron. Copper, Diacetate of. See Verdigris. Copper, Acetate of. Crystallized •‘Commonly called dis- tilled) verdi^is. ‘Caustic and cleansing. Stronger than common verdigris. c 14 VETEEINAEY MATEEIA MEDICA. Copper, Diniodide of. Tonic, and promotes absorption. Dose, 1 or 2 dr. daily, in farcy, glanders, swelled legs, &c., and topically, to ill conditioned ulcers. Copper, Nitrate of. Sometimes used as a caustic. Copper, Sulphate of. Jiltte Vitriol. Tonic and styptic. In doses of ^ dr. gradually increased to 2 dr. or more daily, it is given in diabetes, farcy, &c. Small doses may be given in balls with gentian and ginger; larger doses in gruel. It has been thought useful in glanders; but Mr. Youatt says it is only proper in nasal discharges with- out fever. Dose for cattle, 1 to 2 dr. Sheep, 20 to 40 gr. Rabbits (in sniffles), 1 or 2 gr. twice a day. Externally the solution is used for the foot-rot of sheep : and as a cleansing wash for foul ulcers in horses and cattle. Used also in the solid state to destroy proud flesh. Copper, Ammonio-Sulphate of. Tonic and astringent; dose, 1 to 2 dr., twice or thrice a day. Cordials. Warm stimulating medicines, such as spices, and the aromatic seeds, fermented liquors and spirits, &c., which, temporarily, restore exhausted strength, revive the spirits, and rouse the system generally. The best modern practitioners condemn their indiscriminate employment as the source of much mischief. For cordial balls, &c., see V. Formulaiy. Coriander Seeds. A mild aromatic stimulant and car- minative, used in cordial balls and drinks. Dose, ^ oz. to 1 oz. Corrosive Sublimate. One of the most virulent poisons. In small doses it is alterative and diuretic. It has been tried, in doses of 2 to 5 gr., gradually increased to 10 or 20, in farcy and glanders, but rarely w’ith lasting benefit. Externally it is used as a powerful caustic. A dilute solution is employed as a wash for scab and lice in sheep, but the practice is not free from danger. Applied to wounds in cattle it has proved as fatal a poison as wdieti swallowed. The antidote for an overdose is w’hite of egg, or milk, or the hydrated sulphuret of iron ; with demulcent drinks. Cowage. Vermifuge ; but has little effect on the horse. Cream OF Tartar. Cooling, laxative, and diuretic. Sel- TETERINARY MATERIA MEDICA. 15 ilom given alone ; but combined with antimonials, mer- curials, or sulphur, as an alterative in skin diseases; and as an adjunct to aloes in purging balls. Cattle require 2 or 3 oz.; when given in larger doses it should be given in plenty of warm water. Sheep require ^ oz. to 1 oz. Dogs, 5 to 20 grains. Creasote. Tonic, stimulant, and antiseptic. Dose, 20 to 30 drops daily, in gruel or linseed tea, in glanders. Externally in lotions and ointments, to fistulous wounds, unhealthy ulcers, &c. Crocus of Antimony. See Antimony, liver of. Croton Seeds and Oil. Purgative. The oil produces great irritation in the horse. Dose, about 20 drops : 30 drops have proved fatal. The powdered seeds, and the meal or ground cake left after expressing the oil, are used ; 3 gr. of the former and 5 of the latter being con- sidered equivalent to 1 dr. of aloes. It operates with less certainty, and produces more debility, than aloes, but is sometimes preferred on account of its more speedy action. It is usually given in the form of a ball, 20 to 30 gr. being mixed with 1 oz. linseed meal. Mr. Morton gives from 12 to 24 grains of the seed. Mr. Youatt prescribes 30 ■ gr. of the powdered seeds in a drink, in tetanus and brain fever, followed by smaller doses (10 gr.) every 0 hours. From 10 to 20 gr. are sometimes added to salts in purging drenches for cattle, in extreme cases. One drop of the oil purges a dog freely. Cummin Seed. A warm carminative. Dose,Yrom 1 to 4 dr. of the powdered seeds; or from G to 20 drops of the oil. CusPARiA, OR Angustura Bark. An aromatic bitter tonic. Dose, 1 to 4 dr. in debility, diabetes, diarrhoea, &c. Cyanide of Pot.assium. It possesses the same poisonous and medical properties as prussic acid. M. Lafore has given it with success in a case of idiopathic tetanus of the horse; but it failed to cure traumatic tetanus. Dose, 4 gr. Daffy’s Elixir. Sometimes given in colic or gripes. Daley’s Carminative. Given to calves, in diarrhoea. Dose, ^ a bottle. Detergents, or Detersives. Eemedies which cleanse foul ulcers. 16 VETERINAET MATERIA MEDICA. Diapente. a compound powder, reputed cordial and stomachic. Too much of what is sold in the shops is almost worthless. Dose, e oz. to 1 oz. Diaphoretics. Medicines wliich promote perspiration. Digestives. Mildly stimulating applications, which excite healthy action in indolent ulcers, wounds, &c. Digitai.is. Fox-(jlove. Sedative and dinretic. It reduces the frequency of the pulse and diminishes irritability. It is poisonous to animals generally; 0 gr. will kill a dog. It is asserted, however, that it produces no effect on poultry. The common dose of the powdered leaves, for a horse, is from 10 to 00 gr. Mr. Youatt prescribes (iO gr., with emetic tartar and nitre, in inflammation of the chest; but its efl'ect on the pulse must be carefully w atched. To cattle, .i dr. to 1 dr. Sheep, 5 to In gr. Dogs, 1 to 2 gr. An infusion of the leaves is applied to inflamed eyes. Diuretics. Medicines which increase the flow of urine. Some of them, juniper, capivi, squills, broom, &c., appear to carry off w’ater only; the alkaline salts the solid matters also, and thus purify the blood. Dog-grass. It is emetic to dogs. Dover’s Powder. Sudorific to cattle in rheumatism. Dose, 1 dr. Eggs. Nutritive and demulcent. Sometimes given in diarrhoea. They are one of the best antidotes to poison- ing by corrosive sublimate. Eeaterium. It has little effect on the horse. Elder. An infusion of the flow'ers is given in catarrhal complaints. I'he leaves boiled with lard form an emol- lient ointment, which is a common application to sore udders. The fresh leaves of the dwarf elder are given (according to Bourgelat and MDiroud) with some suc- cess as a deobstruent and aperient, in sw'elled legs, dropsy, and farcy. Elecampane. The root is reputed stimulant, diaphoretic, diuretic, stomachic, and expectorant. Dose, 4 to 8 dr. in chronic catarrh, dropsical swellings, indigestion, &c. Emetic Tartar. See Antimony, Tartarized. Emetics. Medicines wdiicli excite vomiting. It is VETEEINAKY MATEKIA MEDICA. 1/ scarcely possible to produce tbis effect in herbivorous animals. Emollients. Medicines which soften and relax the tissues of the organs. Epsom Salt. A cooling laxative. It is not to be depended on as a purgative for the horse ; but in doses of 4 or 5 oz., in a large quantity of water, repeated 3 times a day, it is useful, as a laxative and diuretic in inflammatory diseases. Cattle require from 12 to 20 oz., with ginger or any of the warm seeds. It is sometimes rendered more active by aloes or gamboge. Calves require from 1 to 2 oz., according to their age and strength. Sheep, A oz. to 2 oz. Dogs, from 1 to 3 dr. wrapped in tissue paper. A large elephant takes a pound and a half, pre- ceded by a dr. of calomel. — Youatt. Ergot of Rye. It promotes parturition. Dose for a mare, 2 or 3 dr. A cow, 2 dr. repeated at intervals of half an hour. An ewe, 20 to 40 gr. Bitch, ^ to 10 gr. [Mr. Spooner says from 2 to 4 gr.],or aninfusion of a scruple given at three times, at intervals of half an hour. Larger doses than the above are indicated by M. Moiroud. Errhines. Remedies which excite a discharge from the nostrils. Escharotics. Caustics. Substances which destroy the part to which they are applied. Ether. A diffusible stimulant and antispasmodic; used chiefly in colic. Dose, a oz. to | oz. ; cattle, oz. to 1 oz. ; dogs, 7 to 14 drops. It is used outwardly in cool- ing lotions and eye-waters. The vapour, inhaled by means of a proper apparatus, produces insensibility to pain ; but some of the early experiments with this agent have proved most unfortunate. Ethiops Mineral. The mildest of the mercurial com- pounds. Alterative and vermifuge. Dose, 2 to 4 dr. daily in farcy, glanders, grease, skin diseases, and worms, alone, or with cream of tartar. For cattle, 1 dr. ; swine, 3 , to 10 gr.; dogs, 0 gr. in mange. With an equal weight of prepared antimony it forms Antimonial Ethiops — a more efficient preparation. Euphoruium. Very acrid and poisonous. Used in blisters, c 2 18 VETEIilNAEY MATEEIA MEDICA. chiefly to economize the more expensive flies ; but irri- tates extremely. It is used in the form of tincture and ' ointment as a local stimulant. Excitants. Medicines which quicken the circulation, produce warmth, and render the organs more active. Fennel Seeds. A weak carminative and diuretic. Dose, ^ oz. to 2 oz. Feun. Powdered male fern is given in doses of C dr., fol- lowed by a mercurial purgative, for expelling worms. M. Moiuoud carries the dose to 4 oz.; or 5 or 0 dr. for smaller animals. FtENUGREC Seeds. Emollient, nutritive, and stomachic. Dose, I oz. daily, to promote condition in horses, and in diseases of the chest. It is also added to the food of swine, to promote their fattening. Used also externally in fomentations. Forge Water. The water of the blacksmith’s forge is sometimes given as a tonic, or applied as a wash to ulcerated and cankered mouth. Foxglove. See Digitalis. Galangal Boot. A w'arm ai'omatic; similar in properties to ginger. Dose, a oz. of the powder, or 1 oz. in infusion. Galbanum. Stimulant, expectorant, and antispasmodic. Dose, 2 to 4 dr. But rarely used, assafoetida being stronger and cheaper. Gall Nuts. Astringent; in diarrhoea. Dose of the pow- der for horses and cattle, 2 to 4 dr. Calves, ^ dr. to I dr. Dogs, 4 to 8 gi-ains. Gamboge. A drastic purgative. The dose for a horse is said to be from 2 to 0 dr., but its purgative effect cannot be depended on, and it gripes. It is a bad medicine for herbivorous animals. 2 dr. are sometimes added to salts and other purgatives for cattle. Sheep have been killed by 2 dr. A few grains are given to dogs, to destroy and expel worms. Garlic. A stimulating expectorant. Dose, 1 oz. in chronic coughs and asthmatic complaints, made into balls with liquorice powder; or boiled in milk. It is a common remedy for coughs and chest atfections in all domestic VETERINARY MATERIA MEDICA. 19 animals. It is also reputed vermifuge. For the roup in fowls it is given in doses of 5 gr. Gentian Root. Tonic and stomachic; in debility, after severe illness, &c. Dose for a horse, 2, 3, or 4 dr. of the powder; or from ^ dr. to 1 dr. of the extract. (See V. Formulary, Tonic Balls.) Cattle, 2 to 4 dr. or more. Sheep, 20 to GO gr. Generally joined with ginger. An infusion is recommended as a wash to ulcers. Ginger. Stimulant and carminative : a general ingredient in cordial and tonic medicines. Dose, I to 3 dr., or in flatulent colic, 2 to 0 dr. Cattle, 2 to G dr. Calves, 20 to 30 gr. Sheep, 30 to 00 gr. The smaller of the above doses may be added to all aperient medicines. It is also used as a masticatory. Dose of the tincture, ^ oz. to 2 oz. Glass, Powdered. Used to destroy worms in dogs. Mr. Blaine recommends as much as will lie on a sixpence, with butter. Glauber’s Salt. Sulphate of Soda. Aperient apd diu- retic. Seldom given to horses as a purgative (Mr. Clarke says 1 Ih produces scarcely any effect) ; 1)ut is said to be useful, in doses of 0 oz. 3 times a day, in epidemic catarrh. To cattle the usual dose is 10 oz., or from 12 to 20 oz., with ginger or caraway. It is con- sidered more diuretic than Epsom salt. Goulard’s Extract of Lead. Diacetate of Lead. Cool- ing and astringent. Used externally only, in lotions, &c., ill the same cases as sugar of lead. (See Lead, Acetate of.) For inflamed eyes, 1 dr. or 1-| to a pint of water: for other purposes it is made stronger. Grains of Paradise. A warm stimulant; chiefly used in cattle medicines. Dose, 3 to 0 dr. Gruel. A decoction of oatmeal. Nutritive and demulcent. Guaiacum [Gum]. Sudorific and expectorant. It has been given to horses, in doses of 4 dr., in cliest affections, farcy, rheumatism, &c.; and to cattle in doses of 4 or 0 dr. But its utility is doubted. The guaiacum wood is given to the amount of 4 oz., in decoction, repeated 2 or 3 times in 24 hours. Gum Arabic. Emollient and demulcent. Used in inflam- matory afl’ections of the bowels, or of the respiratory or 20 VEFEEINABY MATEEIA MEDICA. urinary orphans. Dose, for horses and cattle, 1 to 4 oz., dissolved in water. For smaller animals, from j oz. to 1 oz. Gum Senegal and gum tragacamli are used for the same purposes. The latter w'ill thicken tw'enty times ns much water as Gum Arabic. [For Gum Ammoniac, Benzoin, &c., see Ammoniacum, Benzoin, &c.] Hartshorn, Spirit of. See Ammonia. It is chiefly used in stimulating liniments, and for the bites and stings of venomous reptiles and insects. For salt of hartshorn, see Ammonia, Carbonate of. Hellebore, White. Poisonous to all classes of animals. In small doses, it has been strongly recommended as a nauseant and diaphoretic, in inflammatory diseases ; but it requires to be very carefully watched, otherwise a fatal collapse may be induced. The usual dose is 20 gr. every four or six hours till nausea is produced, or tbe pulse alfected. Mr. Youatt says it cannot safely be given in doses of a drachm, but that it is given with advantage in ounce doses in chronic grease. Externally, it is used in ointments and washes for tbe mange; but even in this way its use requires caution. It is also blown into the nostrils as a sternutatory. Hellebore, Black. The root is used as an irritating seton for cattle, and introduced into fistulous sores of the horse. Hemlock, Spotted. A narcotic poison. In doses of a drachm of the powdered leaves, or the extract, gradually increased, it is sometimes given, to quiet obstinate cougbs. It is also an ingredient in some old remedies for farcy, scirrhous tumours, and cancer. For dogs, from I to 4 gr., in coughs and cancerous diseases. A decoction of the herb is used as a fomentation to painful tumours. Water hemlock is a more virulent poison, and often destro3’s cattle. M. Moiroud says that ruminants bear hemlock better than other animals. Mr. Yodatt considers both common and water hemlock harmless to the horse, though he admits that cows have been poisoned by the latter. Henbane. Narcotic and sedative. Dose, lo to 20 gr. of tbe powder [1 to 2 dr. of the extract, Morton] twice or three times a day, to allay arterial action. Ou dogs it acts as on man: dose, 3 to 5 gr. German horsedealers VETERINABY MATERIA MEDICA. 21 nre said to give a plump appearance to diseased horses hy mixing henbane seeds with their corn. _ IIosEY. Demulcent, emollient, and slightly laxative. Used in cough medicines, and to make up halls. Horses are fond of it. Externally, it is detergent, and is perhaps usetul in defending ulcers from the air. Hops. Tonic and slightly anodyne, hut chiefly used in fomentations. IlouEHOUND. Sometimes given in coughs; a quart of tue decoction, or 1 oz. of the powder. Horseb-ydish. Stimulant and diuretic. Said to he usetul in dropsical complaints, and in recent epidemics attended with chronic intiamraation. The fresh root is rasped and mixed with barley meal. Iodine. Alterative, and promotes absorption. Used ex- ternally and internally to reduce glandular swellings, and scirrhous and other tumours. 5 gr. of iodine, or or L dr. of the compound tincture, may be given twice a day in farcv. Cattle take from 5 to 10 gr., and from 1 to 2 dr. of the compound tincture. Dogs, J to 1 gr. twice daily. The compound iodine ointment is used to disperse glandular enlargements. It is rapidly superseding can- tharides. . Iodide of Iron. Tonic and alterative, promoting the action of the absorbents. Dose, i dr. to 1 dn Iodide of Potassium, or Htdriodate of Potash. It possesses the same properties as iodine, but irritates less. It is often combined with iodine, which it renders soluble in water. The dose, by itself, is rather larger than of iodine — from 10 to 30 gr. twice a day: to cattle, o to 10 praiiis. . . Ipecacuanha. Little used in veterinary practice, except ns a sudorific, in combination with opium (Dover’s powder). A drachm or two may be given to horses in asthmatic affections. It purges sheep, purges or vomits the pig and Tol Dose for the latter, 4 to 20 gr. [From 2 to 30 gr. —Moiroud.] 3 oz. killed a horse [Mr. B. Ci..arke]. Iron The preparations of this metal are tonic; some of them (as the sulphate and muriate) astringent and styptic. The usual doses for a horse are, 2 oz. of iron filings. 22 VETERINAET MATEBIA MEDICA. once or twice a day, with corn, or in a mash; 1 to 3 or 4 dr. of the sulpliate ; 2 to 0 dr. of the sesqui-oxide or carbonate, or ol rust of iron, or of the powdered scales; I to 3 dr. of tartarized iron; and J to IJ dr. of the iodide. Cattle, 2 to 4 dr. of tlie sulphate in chronic diarrhcea. 1 01 sheep, a sixth or eighth of the above doses. [M. Moieoud prescribes mucli larger do.ses of the above.] The mnriated tincture of iron is prescribed in doses of 2 or 3 dr. for incontinence of uiine. The sulphate is some- times used externally in astringent lotions. Jai,.\p. Purgative, but has little or no such effect on the horse, or other herbivorous animals. It is sometimes added to other purgatives, but probablj’ without any benefit. Dose for swine, ^ dr. to 2 dr. Dogs, 15 to 40 gr. Cats, 10 to 20 gr. ; but it is rather uncertain. Jamaica Pepper. See Allspice. James’s Powder. Similar to autimonial powder, but con- sidered more certain and uniform in its operation. Dose, 20 to 30 gr., ill fevers and inflammatory complaints. It is also given to dogs as a remedy for distemper, 4 err. twice a day. i > b Jatropha Seeds. The seeds of the physic nut (J. curcas) are given as croton seeds, doubling the dose. Juniper Berries. Diuretic and slightly stimulant. Dose for a horse, 1 to 2 oz., or 1 to 2 dr. of the essential oil; for cows, 2 or 3 oz.; sheep, to ^ oz. An extract from the berries (prepared by evaporating a clear decoction, or rather a cold infusion of the berries, to the consistence of treacle) is much used on the Continent as a vehicle for various remedies. Kermes Mineral. A preparation of antimony, similar to the precipitated sulphuret, not much used in this country, but highly esteemed iu France. Dose for horses, 1, 2, or <3 dr. 1 or cattle, 4 dr. or more. For a good-sized dog, ^2 gradually increased. Laudanum. Tincture of Opium. See Opium. Lard. Half a pound, with warm water, is laxative and emollient. It is also used to make up balls, and is thought to prevent griping, as well as to preserve their consistence. It forms a common basis for ointments. TETEEINAEY MATEBIA MEDICA. 23 Lavender. The compound spirit is carminative and cordial. Dose, ^ oz. in peppermint water. Lead. The preparations of this metal are poisonous. See Acetate of Lead, and Goulard’s Extract of Lead. Lead, White and Red. Common ingredients in ointments and plasters. Also sprinkled on sores as a desiccative. They are also used for dusting sheep for the fly. Lime. Quicklime is sometimes used as a caustic; the powder dusted over foul ulcers, greasy heels. See. Lime Water. Antacid and tonic. Sometimes given in diabetes, from 2 to 4 quarts. Used also as a wash for sores, and as an injection into the nostrils in glanders and chronic discharges. Mixed with linseed oil, it forms a liniment for burns. Lime, Chloride of. See Chloride of Lime. Linseed. Demulcent and pectoral. A decoction of the seeds is very mucilaginous, and is used in colds, sore throats, internal inflammations ; also to counteract the effects of corrosive and irritant poisons, and as a vehicle for more active medicines. Linseed meal is used for poultices. Linseed oil is laxative. Dose for a horse, a pint, or a pint and a half ; for cattle, 1 or 2 pints ; sheep, 2 or 3 oz. Liquorice. Demulcent and pectoral, in coughs, &c. Dose, ^ oz. to 2 oz. of the powdered root; or ^ oz. of the foreign extract (Spanish or Italian juice). Liver of Sulphur. See Sulphuret of Potash. Lobelia Inflata. It is poisonous to horses, and produces salivation in cattle ; but its remedial powers have not been ascertained. Logwood. Astringent. 2 or 3 dr. of the extract, or a decoction of 3 or 4 oz. of the wood, may be given in diarrhoea, &c. Lotions. Washes. Liquid applications, with which ex- ternal parts are bathed. Madder. Formerly supposed to be useful in glanders and farcy, and as a preventive of the effects of the bites of venomous reptiles ; but it is nearly discarded from modern practice. It is sometimes given to pigs, but with what specific intention it is difficult to say. It colours the bones of animals fed with it. 24 VETliKlKAliY MATEEIA MEUICA. Magnesia. Antacid and laxative. From ^ oz. to 3 oz. to horses and cattle, with some warm carminative in llatulent distention. To calves in diarrhoea, 5 oz. Fitlier the common or the calcined may he used. Magnesia, Sulphate of. See Epsom Salt. Mallow. Demulcent. A handful of the leaves boiled in a quart of water, more frequently used as a lavement. The root of the marshmallow is preferred ; a decoction of 2 or 4 ounces is given as a drink in both coughs and in- ternal inllammations, and used as a glyster, and as a fomentation. AIalt. Nutritive, pectoral, and alterative. It is given, in the form of mashes, in chest affections, when no iuilara- mation is present, and in grease, farcy, and mange. Manna. Slightly laxative and pectoral. Dose, 2 oz. with honey, or dissolved in water, in inflammatory diseases and chronic coughs. Mashes. See Bran Mash, &c., in V. Formulary. Mercury, or Quicksilver. The preparations of this metal ai-e alterative, most of them purgative, and all apt to produce salivation. Dogs may easily be salivated, but graminivorous animals with greater difficulty. The editor of “ Clater’s Cattle Doctor” says, “ Mercury does not seem to agree with herbivorous animals, in any form, or in any disease.” The preparations in use are indicated below. Mercurial Ointment. Applied to callous swellings, en- larged joints, mange, scab in sbeep, &c. The weaker oint- ment is generally sufficient. Mercury WITH Chalk. Alkalized Mercury. A mild pre- paration. Dose, from 1 to 3 dr., in farcy; glanders, &c. Mercury, Surmuriate or Chloride of. See Calomel. AIercury, Bichloride. See Corrosive Sublimate. AIercury with Sulphur. Black Sulphuret of Alercury. See Ethiops Alineral. AIercury, Bed Sulphuret of. See Cinnabar. AIercury, Nitric Oxide. See Bed Precipitate. AIercury, Black Oxide. Dose, 1 to 2 dr. [AIorton.] AIercury, Ammonio-Chloride. See White Precipitate. AIercury, Nitrated Ointment of. Sec Ointment, Citrine. VETERIIJAEY MATEEIA MEDICA. 25 Mercuky, Acid Nitrate or. Used as a Caustic. See Caustics, V. Formulary. Milk. Sometimes given in quantities of 1 to 3 quarts, in acute inflammations, coughs, and all internal irritations, especially those occasioned by acrid and corrosive poisons. It is a convenient vehicle for administering medicines to the dog or cat. Millepedes. Wood-lice. Diuretic. Dose, a oz. to 1a. Seldom used. Mindererus’ Spirit. See Acetate of Ammonia. Mint, and Peppermint. Carminative, cordial, and sudo- rific. A strong infusion of the plant, or the distilled water, is given in flatulent colics. Dose, 1 or 2 pints ; but chiefly as vehicles for more active remedies. Dose of the oil of peppermint, 20 to 30 drops, or to GO drops of oil of spearmint. A few drops of the oil are added to purgative medicines, to prevent griping. The other mints have similar projicrties. Mithridate. Cordial and anod3^ne. ^ oz. to 1 oz. maybe given in flatulent colic, but would be injurious in inflam- mation. IMijllein. An infusion of the flowers is given as a demul- cent for the same purposes as linseed tea. A decoction of the leaves is used in emollient fomentations and cata- plasms. Muriatic (or Hydrochloric) Acid. Spiril of salt. Tonic and antiseptic; but principally used to dissolve calcareous concretions in the bladder. Dose for a horse. If to 2 or 3 dr., in plenty of water, twice a day. Externally as a caustic. Muriate of Ammonia. Sal Ammoniac. Formerly used in influenza or epidemic catarrh. It is said also to have proved useful in farcy, and perhaps deserves trial in other chronic diseases. It renders the blood more fluid. Its use requires caution. 2 oz. produced inflammation of mucous mem- brane of a horse; 2 drachms killed a dog, and f dr. a rabbit. M.Moiroud states the dose to be from 2 to 8 dr. for horses and cattle, and for small animals from a scruple to a drachm, largely diluted. Externally it is a frequent ingre- dient in disciitieut lotions to splints, old strains, bruises, D 2G VETEEINAKY MATEEIA MEDICA. indolent tumours, &c., in horses and cattle. It is also etni)loyed as an embrocation to sore teats. Muuiate of Antimony. See Antimony, butter of. Muriate of Bauytes. Poisonous; in small doses, altera- tive. It has been tried in glanders and farcy, with the usual success. Dose, dr. in milk. Muuiate of Coppeu. Used externally only, as a mild caustic. Muuiate of Lime. Alterative and resolvent, in glandular diseases; but rarely used in veterinary practice. It has been projiosed in glanders and farcy. In an overdose it is poisonous. We have not met with any specific statement of doses. drachms killed a dog. Muriate of Soda. Chloride of Sodium. See Salt, common. Mustard. Stimulant; but little used as an internal re- medy. Flour of mustard mixed with vinegar, is applied externally as a rubefacient, to relieve internal inflamma- tion. Myrrh. Tonic, expectorant, antiseptic, and balsamic. From 1 to 3 dr. to a horse, in chronic cough. To cattle a to 4 dr., or more. The tincture is used for ulcers of the mouth in all animals, and to indolent sores. Naphtha. Kectified wood naphtha is used instead of spirit of wine, for making tincture of myrrh and aloes. Naphthaline. A stimulating expectorant. It possesses many of the properties of camphor, and a solution of it in spirit may be substituted for camphorated spirit, and with oils, &c.,'for liniments and ointments. The ointment is substituted for tar ointment. Narcotics. Medicines which induce stupor or sleep, and ease pain. Nauseants. Medicines with produce nausea, diminish arte- rial action, and thus abate inflammation. Nettle Seed. It is said to be given with the horse’s corn, to give a smooth coat, and an appearance of condition ami liveliness. Nitre. Nitrate of Potash. Cooling and diuretic. In colds, fevers, and inflammatory complaints of the horse, from 2 to 4 dr. may be given daily, in plenty of water, or linseed tea, till the desired efifect is produced. An ounce is often VETEEI^TAKY MATERIA MEDICA. 27 given, but smaller doses repented are better. Cattle 2 to 4 dr. [1 oz. in 24 liours for some days. — Moiroud.] Swine and sheep, 30 to 40 gr. ; dogs, 4 to 10 gr. A strong solu- tion is applied to gangrenous wounds. Nitric Acid, Nitrous Acid, and Aquafortis. Used ex- ternally only, ns a strong caustic; or largely diluted (2 dr. to a pint of water) as an antiseptic w’ash to foul ulcers. Nitrate of Silver. Lunar Caustic. Tonic; but rarely given to animals, except to dogs in chorea, in doses of ^th to ^ of a gr. Externally caustic. It is the best caustic that cau be applied to the bites of rabid animals. A weak solution (10 gr. to 1 oz. rain water) is used to excite sluggish wounds, and to remove opacity from the cornea of the eye. Nux Vomica. Poisonous to all animals. Given in doses of 8 or 10 gr., gradually increased to 30 gr., in paralysis of the horse; but its efiect requires to be carefully watched. It has been tried in glanders and farcy, but without much success. In small doses it invigorates the digestive func- tions. A few grains will destroy a dog. A drachm has killed a horse. See Strychnine. Nutgalls. See Gall-nuts. Nut.megs. Stimulant, and perhaps narcotic. Sometimes given in colic, but not much in use. Oak Bark. Astringent and tonic. Dose, \ oz. to 2 oz., in powder, or boiled in water, for diarrhoea, diabetes, debility in horses. To cattle, in dysentery, and in red-water (after purgatives), \ oz. or 1 oz. The powdered bark and the decoction are applied to unhealthy wounds, &c. In France, a mixture of oak-bark, gentian, and chamomile is used as a substitute for Peruvian bark. Oil, Fish. Common whale oil is a good preventive of the fly, and does not injure the wool. Oil of Spike. As sold for veterinary purposes it consists of turpentine, coloured, and merely scented with foreign oil of lavender. It is used in warm liniments. Oil of Turpentine. See Turpentine. Oil of Tar. See Tar. Oils, Expressed. Olive, almond, and linseed oils are lax- ative, demulcent, and emollient. Dose, 3 to 10 oz., or a 28 VETEEINAEY MATEEIA MEDICA. pint. In the latter dose they are given (especially linseed oil) as a substitute for castor oil ; they are harmless, hut rather uncertain in their operation. (See Castor Oil.) They are useful in poisoning by acrid and corrosive poisons. Olive oil is used, both inwardly and outwardly, as a remedy for the bites of reptiles and stings of insects. Externally they are used in liniments and ointments. Oil of bays is gently stimulant and antispasmodic, but chiefly used outwardly. Oils, Essential or Volatile. The essential oils of pep- permint, cloves, aniseed, caraway, &c., possess in a con- centrated state the warm carminative properties of the drugs from which they are distilled. They are frequently added to purgative medicines to prevent griping. Oil of juniper is diuretic, in doses of 1 to 3 dr. Oil of origanum is almost exclusively used outwardly in stimulating lini- ments. Oil of bitter almonds is poisonous. Oils, Empvreumatic. Oil of amber and other empjTeu- matic oils are antispasmodic ; but mostly used in outward applications. The foetid oil called Dippel’s Animal Oil (or oil of hartshorn) is sometimes given as a worm medi- cine, in doses of 1 oz. (sometimes increased to 2 oz.) to ' horses, or a drachm to small animals. As an outward a[)plication it is sometimes added to powders against the fly in sheep ; but injures the vvool. Oil of paper or rag is an empyreumatic fluid obtained by burning these sub- stances. Mixed with water it is used in inflammation of the eyes, mouth, &c. Oils, Compound. See Oils and Liniments in the Veteri- nary Formulary. Ointments. See V. Formulary. Olive Oil. See Oils, expressed. Onions. Stimulant and diuretic. They are said to be useful in colic and gripes. Externally used in poultices to promote suppuration. Opium. Anodyne, antispasmodic, sedative, indirectly astrin- gent, and in large doses narcotic or stupefactive, and capable of destroying life. In combination with ipecacu- anha and tartarized antimony it is sudorific. The dose for horses in ordinary cases is from ^ dr. to I dr. But in VETEEINARY MATEEIA JIEDICA. 29 locked-jaw, spasmodic colic, and other urgent cases it may safely be given in doses of 2 dr,, and even (accord- ing to Moiroud) to 4 dr. To cattle, the dose is from 10 to40gr. ;'or in locked-jaw, &c., 1 dr. Calves, 10 gr. Sheep, 2 to 4 gr. Much larger doses have been given with impunity. Dogs require from ^ gr. to 2 gr,, according to size and case. M. Moiroud says the dose sliould not exceed that prescribed for man. Mr. Blaine says they are much less affected by it than men. The dose of tinc- ture of opium is (for horses ) from 1 to 2 oz. ; of the ex- tract, 20 to 30 gr. Externally, opium is used in anodyne liniments, and is useful in inflammation of the eye. See Eye-waters, Liniments, &c., in Vet. Formulary. Opodeldoc. Soap Liuiment. Used externally only, in stimulating liniments. Origanum. Wild Marjoram. Stimulant. The essential oil is hot and pungent, and a frequent ingredient in lini- ments for old strains, and in blisters. Orpiment. Yellow Arsenic. Poisonous, Used, mixed with lard, for fistulous sores, warts, &c., but is not free from danger. OxYMEL. Cooling and pectoral. Used in catarrhal affec- tions. Dose, 3 or 4 oz. OxYMEL OF Squills. A stimulating expectorant. Seldom used in veterinary practice. Palm Oil. Emollient. Used in compounding ointments and liniments; and of late much commended as a basis of aloetic and other balls. It has also been given as a laxative; dose, 12 oz. or more. Peppermint. Carminative. The distilled water and the essential oil are chiefly used. See Mint. Pepper, Black, White, and Long. Warm stimulant cordials. The latter kind is chiefly used in veterinary practice. It must be carefully avoided in inflammatory complaints. Dose for horses and cattle, 2 to 4 dr. For Jamaica Pepper, see Allspice. Pepper, Cayenne. The ground pods of some species of capsicum. See Capsicum, Periwinkle. The plant, in decoction, or chopped up in a mash, is said to relieve quinsy. Pulverized and mixed 30 VETEEINART MATEEIA MEDICA. with Etliiops Mineral, it has been vaunted as a remedy for glanders. Peruvian Bark. See Bark. Petroleum. See Barbadoes Tar. Pewter. The scrapings are given' to dogs for worms. Dose, dr. to 1 dr. Tin filings are safer. See Tin. Phellandrium. The seeds of water-fennel (Ph. aquaticum) are used in Germany in chronic catarrhal afl'ections. Dose, ^ oz. to 1 oz. Physic. In veterinary practice this term is applied to purgatives. See Physic or Purging Balls, V. Formulary. Pigeon’s Dung was formerly used as a diuretic. Dose, 4 oz. boiled in white wine. Pimento. See Allspice. Pitch. Stimulant, balsamic, probably diuretic; but rarely given internally. It is more frequently used externally in charges and warm plasters. For liquid pitch, see Tar. Pitch, Burgundy. Stimulant. Used in charges, and warm and strengthening plasters. Pomegranate. The rind of the fruit is given (in decoction or powder) as an astringent to cattle in diarrhoea. Dose, from oz. to 1 oz. The bark of the root is used to destroy w'orms. Moiroud directs 5 or 0 oz. to be boiled in water for some hours, and the decoction given in divided doses. Poppy Heads. Anodyne ; but principally used iu fomenta- tions. (See also Syrup of Poppies.) An extract prepared by evaporating the expressed juice of the ripe capsules and tops is said to be nearly half the strengtb of opium. Of the ordinary extract (from the decoction) 5 gr. are said to equal 2 of opium. — Lebas. Potash, Caustic. Fused Hydrate of Potash. A powerful caustic. POTA.SH, Subcarbonate. Fait of Tartar or prepared Kali. Antacid and diuretic. Dose for a horse from 2 to 4 dr. or more. It is seldom given alone, but sometimes joined with tonics, stomachics, purgatives, and with other diuretics. The bicarbonate is milder, and may be given in larger doses. Poultices. Are useful in relieving inflammation and pain. See V. Formulary. VETEKINAKY MATERIA MEDICA. 31 Precipitate, Red. A mild caustic, and detergent to in- dolent and foul ulcers. Precipitate, White. Principally used to destroy vermin in the horse and other animals. Prussiate of Potash. Ferro- prussi ate of potash may probably be found useful in veterinary practice ; but its properties and uses are not yet precisely ascertained. It must not be confounded with the simple prussiate of potash (cyanide of potassium), which is an energetic poison. See Cyanide of Potassium. Prussic Acid (Medicinal). A strong poison to all animals. Rarely used in veterinary practice. The dose Mr. Morton states to be from i dr. to 1 dr. Mr. Youatt recommends a' lotion composed of a drachm of the medicinal acid to a pint of water, to allay cuticular irritation in dogs. Pulse. The following table, from Vatel, is inserted as a useful remembrancer to the practitioner ; — Table of the Number of Pulsations in a Minute in variotis Animals. — In the horse, 3'd to 38 [30 to 40 — White]; ox or cow, 3.0 to 4‘4 [43 to 4o — Clater; .oO to .o5 Spooner] ; ass, 48 to :')4; sheep, 70 to 70; goat, 72 to 70; dog, 00 to 100; cat, 110 to 120; rabbit, 120; guinea-pig, 140; duck, 130; hen, 140; heron, 200. Purgatives. Cathartics or Laxatives. Medicines which more or less actively promote evacuations from the bowels. Aloes is almost the only purgative for the horse that is at once certain and safe. For cattle Epsom or Glauber’s salt is the most preferable. Aloes, gamboge, or linseed or castor oil is sometimes combined with them. Sulphur is used when a very strong purgative is not re- quired; yet this requires some caution. See those various articles. Quassia. A bitter tonic. Dose, 1 or 2 dr., with a little ginger, in debility of the stomach. Its poisonous effects on insects and small animals suggest caution in its use. Quicksilver. See Mercury. . Quinine, Sulphate of. Tonic. Dose, ^ dr. to 1 dr. But too expensive for general use. It is given to dogs in chorea, in doses of 2 to •) gr. Ragw'ort. The herb is said to produce a kind of lethargy 32 VETEEINAEY MATEEIA MEDICA. or staggers in horses and cattle. Externally it is used as a poultice in quinsy. Earing. Eemoving hardened feeces from the lower bowel by the hand. Keed. The great reed (arundo donax), and the Bankside reed (arundo phragmitis) are reputed diuretic. The former is supposed to have the property of diminishing the secretion of milk. Eefrigeuants. Cooling Medicines. See Temperants. Eesin or Eosin. Diuretic. ^ oz. to 1 oz. may he given daily to horses in their corn, for swelled legs. The yellow or amber resin is preferable. Externally it is adhesive and gently stimulating ; and is a common in- gredient in digestive ointments, and in plasters and charges. Ehododendron. Supposed to be useful in the rheumatism of cattle. Dose, ^ oz. to 1 oz., boiled in water. Ehorarb. Tonic and stomachic. Scarcely laxative to large animals. From ^ oz. to 1 oz. is given in jaundice, to horses and cattle. On dogs it acts as a purgative, but an uncertain one, in doses of ^ dr. to 1 dr. Eosemary. a mild stimulant and carminative. The essen- tial oil is chiefly used in warm liniments and ointments ; but is sometimes given in doses of ^ dr. to 1 or 2 dr. in colic. Eue. Stimulant, uterine, autispasmodic, and vermifuge. It is also suitposed to resist contagion and poisons. A decoction or infusion of 2 to 4 oz. of the fresh herb in water or beer is given for worms ; as an antidote to the bite of vipers ; with diuretics in farcy ; with box leaves ns a preventive of hydrophobia ; and with camphor and opium in locked-jaw. The bruised leaves are put into horses’ ears for the staggers. It is given to poultry for the cure of roup. Externally rue is used in fomentations as a stimulant, antiseptic, and discutient. Saffron. Cordial, autispasmodic, and uterine; but too weak and expensive for veterinary use. Sage. Stimulant and tonic. In habitual relaxation of the bowels. The powder may be given in a ball, or the herb infused. The infusion is used ns a mouth wash. VETERINAET MATERIA MEDICA, 33 Sago. Nutritive and demulcent. Used in the form of gruel. St. .John’s Wort. Vulnerary. The flowers were formerly an ingredient in Fryar’s Balsam and other similar com- pounds. An infused oil of the plant is sometimes used in liniments. Sal Ammoniac. See INIuriate of Ammonia. Sal Prunelle. Fused Nitre. Its uses and doses are the same as nitre, Salicine. Tonic. Dose, 10 to 30 gr. Salt, Common, or Culinary. In small doses it is tonic, digestive, and alterative : in large doses purgative and vermifuge. As a digestive, 1 oz. may be sprinkled on the horse’s corn. As a purgative, or to expel worms, the dose may be from 4 to (i oz. It is also a common in- gredient in laxative clysters. For cattle, an ounce or more may be sprinkled on the hay, to assist digestion : as a purgative, 4 to 8 oz. may be given, but it is not suit- able in inflammatory or febrile diseases. Sheep require 2 oz. as a purgative ; or smaller doses daily as a ])re- ventive of the rot. To dogs, a teaspoonful or one and a half will act as an emetic; smaller doses as a vermifuge. Half a teaspoonful of a solution of salt, as strong as it can be made, is given to poultry as an emetic in roup. Externally, salt dissolved in water is used as a discutient, as a stimulant to old strains, and as a collyrium in chronic ophthalmy. Salts, Epsom and Glauber’s. See Epsom Salts, and Glauber’s Salts. Sarsaparilla, and China Root, are diaphoretic and altera- tive ; but seldom used in veterinary practice. Savin. An acrid stimulant. The powder is given in doses of 1 or 2 dr. (with or followed by aloes) for worms, but its efficacy is doubtful. Long-continued use of savin is reported to have occasioned the h.air to fall off. Externally it is applied, in powder or ointment, to warts. Scammony. An uncertain as well as expensive purgative, far inferior to aloes. Scutellaria. Skull-cap. Mr. Youatt and others regard 34 VETEEINAEY MATEEIA MEDICA. tills plant as a preventive of liydropbobia. Dose, 40 gr. daily, gradually increased. Sea Water. Laxative. Dose, 2 or 3 pints. Sedatives. Medicines wbicb produce quiet, and relieve pain. Senna. Purgative ; but rarely used in veterinary practice. 5 or G oz. are required to purge a borse. Serpentaky. Stimulant, tonic, diapborelic, and antiseptic. It is also supposed to resist tbe effects of tbe bites of serpents, &c. Dose, from ^ oz. to 1 oz. or more ; but rarely used. Setons. These consist of cord, tape, or a mixture of borsebair and bemp twisted together ; they are inserted through a portion of tbe skin to excite irritation and dis- charge. Mr. Morton uses cotton cord soaked in a can- tbaridal liquid. See No. 15, page 77. SiMAROUBA. Tonic and stomachic, for the same purposes as gentian. Seldom used. Soap., Antacid and diuretic. Dose, J oz. to 2 oz. Soda. Prepared natron, carbonate or subcarbonate of soda. Tbe common washing soda is generally sufficiently pure. Antacid and diuretic. Dose, 2 to 4 dr. It is sometimes added to aloes as a corrective, and to tonics in weakness of the stomach. The bicarbonate of soda is milder, and may be given in larger doses. Soda, Chloride of. See Chloride of Soda. Soda, Sulphate of. See Glauber’s Salt. Sodium, Chloride of. Tbe modern name of common salt. See Salt, common. Soot. Some French veterinarians prescribe from 2 to 3 oz. of soot as a vermifuge. Also externally in mange, &c. We presume ■wood-soot is intended. Spermaceti. Demulcent and pectoral. Dose, oz. to horses in cough; and to cows, after calving. Externally emollient, in ointments. Spirit of Hartshorn. This ammoniacal liquor is sti- mulant, antacid, and antispasmodic. Dose, oz. But more frequently used in stimulating liniments, and as an application to tbe bites and stings of venomous reptiles and insects. VETEHINAEY MATEEIA MEDICA. 35 Spirit of Sal Volatile. This also owes its pungency to iiiumonia. Dose, ^ oz. Spirits, Ardent. Brandy, gin, and rum are given as stimulants and antispasmodics, especially in colic. Dose, from 2 to J. or 5 oz. with warm water. Rectified spirit of wine may be given in the same way, in smaller doses (1 to 2 oz.) ; but is more commonly employed for making tinctures ; and externally in lotions. Spirit of Mindererus. See Acetate of Ammonia. Spirit of Nitre, Sweet. Spirit of Nitric JSther. Diu- retie, diaphoretic, and antispasmodic. Dose for horses, in fever, ^ oz. 3 times a day. In colic, from ^oz. to 2 oz. Cattle, I oz. to 1 oz. in low fevers. Sheep, 1 dr. Dog, from 10 to 20 drops. Squill. A stimulating expectorant. Dose for a horse, 1 dr. ; for cattle, 1^ or 2 dr. It is also applied in fric- tions to the abdomen. Moiboud has seen it remove ascites. Starch. Demulcent. Chiefly used in clysters, but some- times also in drinks. Dose, 1 to 2 oz., rubbed smooth with a little cold water, and then boiled in 3 or 4 pints of water. It is occasionally used in fomentations. Stavesacre Seeds. Poisonous. 2 dr. will destroy a horse. Only used outwardly to destroy vermin, either powdered and mixed with grease, or infused in vinegar. Steel, Salt or. See Iron, Sulphate of. For the other preparations (so called) of steel, see Iron. Stimulants. See Excitants. Dilfusible stimulants are those which produce a sudden and temporary excitement of the circulation, and on the nervous system. Stomachics. Medicines which invigorate the stomach and promote digestion. Stoppings. Compositions employed to keep the feet moist and supple. Storax. Balsamic and expectorant. Dose, ^ oz. But rarely used. Strychnine. The active principle of mix vomica: chiefly used in paralysis. Dose, 1 to 3 grains; to be very cautiously increased if necessary; 15 grains have proved fatal. Dose for the dog, l-16th to -ith of a grain. 3G VETERINARY MATERIA MEDICA. Styi'tics. Astringent apj)lications employed locally to stop bleeding. Sublimate, Courosive. Bichloride of Mercury. See Cor- rosive Sublimate. Sugar, Syrup, and Treacle. These are used to sweeten drinks ; and to give form to balls and other compounds. Sugar of Lead. See Lead, Acetate of. Sulphate of Copper. Blue Stone. See Copper, Siil- pbate of. Sulphate of Iron. See Iron, Sulphate of. Sulphate of Magnesia. See Epsom Salts. Sulphate OF Potash. Purgative ; but seldom used. Dose, 2 to 4 ounces, in colic, &c. Sulphate of Quinine. Tonic. Dose, ^ dr. to I dr. Sulphate of Soda. See Glauber’s Salt. Sulphate of Zinc. White Vitriol. See Zinc, Sulphate of. Sulphur, or Brimstone. It is in 3 forms, roll brimstone, flowers of sulphur, and black brimstone or sulphur vivum. The flowers are generally used. The black is very impure, and sometimes contains arsenic. Sulphur is laxative, alterative, and pectoral. Dose, to horses, as an alterative in skin diseases, grease, want of condition, &c., I oz. As a laxative, 4 or 5 oz., but is rarely employed with this view, and very large doses are not always safe. To cattle, as a laxative, G or 8 oz. Sheep, 2 or 3 oz. Dogs, I dr. in milk. Swine, 2 dr. It is used outwardly in ointments for mange in all animals. As an alterative it is usually combined with antimonials and nitre. SuLPHURET OF IRON. It lias been used in hcemorrliage, dysentery, and worms. The hydrated persulpburet (see Eerri persulphuretum liydratum, Pocket Formulary) is strongly recommended by Bouchaedat as an antidote for metallic poisons; also as a remedy for incipient farcy. Dose, I^ oz. to 8 oz. Sulphuret of Mercury. See Ethiops Mineral, and Cin- nabar. SuLPHURET OF PoTASH. Mr. Blaine prescribes 2 dr. with astringents, in diabetes. In large doses it is poisonous. Sulphuric Acid. Poisonous. The strong acid {oil of vitriol) is used as a powerful caustic. It is also used in oint- TETERINAKY MATERIA MEEICA, 37 nients. In small doses, about I to 2 dr., plentifully diluted, it is, rarely, given as a tonic. TLe diluted acid (1 oz. to a pint) as a lotion in grease, foul ulcers, &c. SupEnxARTR.vTE (Bitartrate) OF PoTASH. See Cream of Tartar. Sirup of Buckthorn. Purgative. Seldom given to horses, except as used in forming powders into balls. Dose for cattle, 2 to 4: oz. with castor oil. A common physic for dogs; dose, 2 to 4 dr. Sfrup of Poppies. A mild anodyne and sedative. Dose for dogs, 1 dr. Seldom given to large animals. Tannin (or Tannic Acid). The astringent principle of nutgalls. A powerful astringent in diarrhoea, &c. Dose, o to 10 gr. Catechu is more generally used. Tansy. 1 onic and vermifuge. Externally in fomentations. Tar, Barbadoes. See Petroleum. Iar. Internally, in old coughs, from 2 to 4 dr. Exter- nally it is cleamsing and gently stimulating. It is parti- cularly useful in thrushes and all diseases and wounds of the feet both of horse and cattle, to punctured wounds, and for the cure of mange and other skin diseases. Mixed with fish oil, it is applied with a brush to hard, brittle feet. Tar w'ater (see Formulary) is also given in chronic coughs. Oil or siiirit of tar is used in mange oint- ments, and ns a dressing for sheep. The latter requires some caution: sheep have been killed by it. Tartar Emetic. See Antimony, Tartarized. Tea. Tonic, in simple indigestion, or when connected with staggers [Delafond]. Dose, 4 to 0 dr., infused in 3 or 4 pints of water. Temperants. Medicines which moderate the circulation, and reduce animal heat. ’ Tin. Vermifuge. A drachm of the filings daily to dogs. A horse requires from 1 to 3 oz. Tobacco. An acro-nnrcotic poison. In small doses, diuretic and emetic. Principally used as a wash for the mange, and to destroy lice and fly in sheep. But it is not alto- gether safe, as it is apt to be absorbed. It vomits the dog, pig, and cat; but there are safer emetics. Herbivorous animals are less readily affected by it, but instances of its E 38 VETEEINAEY MATEEIA MEDICA. liflving proved fatal to them are recorded. In some parts of France, jockeys are said to stnpify vicious horses for sale by tobacco diffused in spirits. Tonics." Medicines which give tone to the fibres, and invigorate the system when relaxed and debilitated. The principal tonics used in veterinary medicine are gentian, Peruvian hark, chamomile, aud other vegetable hitters and astringents; and the preparations of iron, copper, arsenic, zinc, &c. The free use of them, particularly when fever and inflammation arc present, is a frequent source of mischief. Tokmentil Eoot. Astringent. Dose, 1 oz. to 1^ oz. Its presence in pastures is supposed to prevent the rot in sheep. Tubbith Minebal. Suhsulfhate of Mercury. An irritat- ing purgative, and, in large doses, poisonous. Dose, ^ dr. in farcy. Given to dogs as an emetic: dose, 1 gr. to 3 gr. Tubmebic. a weak aromatic stimulant. Supposed to be useful in jaundice, or yellows. Dose, I oz. Tdbpentines. They are all stimulant, diuretic, and ex- pectorant; and in larger doses, vermifuge and purgative. Dose of common turpentine, A oz. to 1 oz. They are used in digestive ointments. Oil or spirit of turpentine is a more stimulating diuretic, in doses of 2 to 4 dr. ; it is also considered eflicacious as an antispasmodic in colic (gripes), and as a remedy for worms. Dose for the latter purposes, from 2 to 4 oz., or sometimes still larger doses for worms. To cattle (in hoose, from worms in the bronchial passages) about 2 oz. To sheep, in rot, I dr. It is not a safe medicine for dogs ; but is sometimes given in doses of 2 dr. with olive oil. Externally, it is used in stimulating liniments, embrocations, ointments, &c. It is very irritating to the skin of the horse, and also of the dog, instantly producing great excitement. Like the com- mon and Venice turpentine, it enters into the composition of some digestive ointments. XJvA Ubsi. Bearherry. Astringent. Dose, 4 to 6 dr., in diabetes. But Gibabdi says it inflames the stomach. Valebian. a stimulant, acting chiefly on the nervous VETEEINAEY MATEBIA MEDICA. 39 system. Dose, for horses and cattle, 1 to 4 oz. in pow- der. In dogs it is said to act as a vermifuge. Dose, 1 to 4 dr. Verdigbis. Subacetate (or Diacetate) of Copper- Tonic, caustic, poisonous. It has been given in doses of I dr. to 2 dr. daily, in farcy and glanders. Externally, deter- gent and caustic, in ointments, and in the form of iEgyptiacnm, The crystallized acetate of copper is more powerful in its action. Verjuice. Properties and uses the same as of vinegar; but preferred by some for outward use. Vermillion. See Cinnabar. Vinegar. Diaphoretic, cooling, and antiseptic. In com- bination with honey, it is used in coughs. In large quantities, it irritates the stomach ; a pint is said to have destroyed a horse. It should always be plentifully di- luted. It is chiefly used as an external application, as a lotion for strains, bruises, sprains, and inflammations ; and hot as a revulsive. The vapours are thought to possess disinfecting properties, but are less effectual than chlorine. ViTBioL.ATED ZiNC. White Vitriol. See Zinc, Sulphate of. Vitriol, Blue. See Sulphate of Copper. Walnut. The green shells are astringent, and sometimes applied, bruised, as a cataplasm, or in decoction as a lotion. Water. Besides its use as a drink, and as a vehicle for medicines, water is used remedially, on the hydropathic system. Rugs wetted with cold water, and well covered with dry ones, are used to produce perspiration, assisting its operation by copious draughts of cold water, adding 4oz. of sweet spirit of nitre to each pailful. This treat- ment is said to have succeeded in the recently epidemic pleuro-pneumonia. Wax. Chiefly used in making cerates, plasters, charges, &o. Whey. A cooling and nutritive drink in inflammatory diseases, and during convalescence from them. Willow Bark. Possesses in some degree the same pro- perties as Peruvian bark. Dose, in powder or decoction, I to 4 oz. Wine. Stimulant. In wine countries it is frequently given 40 VETEEINAET MATEEIA MEDICA. as a restorative. Port wine has been given as an as- tringent in obstinate diarrhoeas. Dose for horses and cattle, ^ pint to a bottle. Winter Bark. A warm tonic and stomachic. Dose, 2 to 0 dr. Wolfsbane. Aconite. A virulent poison. Wormwood. A bitter tonic and vermifuge. An infusion of from 2 to 4 oz. of the dry, or twice as much fresh herb, may be given in dropsy, and diseases of general debility; or from 2 to 4 dr. of the powder may be given in a ball. A few drops of the essential oil are often added to aloes, &c., for worms. Wort. See Malt. Yew. It is not used medicinallj'. The leaves are poisonous to horses and cattle. To counteract its effect, it is re- commended to give 10 gr. of croton meal, and afterwards drenches of gruel with vinegar. The croton to be re- peated in G hours if it has not operated. Zedoary. a weak aromatic stimulant, formerly prescribed in jaundice; but now rarely employed. It is weaker than ginger. Zinc, Chloride of. In solution this constitutes Sir. W. Burnett’s disinfecting liquid. Much diluted it is applied as a detergent lotion to foul ulcers. The dry salt is a powerful caustic. Zinc, Oxide. Flowers of Zinc. A mild astringent and tonic ; dose, a oz ; but chiefly used in dusting ulcers and excoriations, to promote skinning. Zinc, Sulphate of. White Vitriol. Tonic. Dose, for the horse, 1 to 4 dr., frequently combined with cantha- rides. Externally, astringent, detersive, styptic, and healing; in lotions and ointments, to indolent ulcers, grease, &c. It is a frequent ingredient in eye-w'aters, — about G gr. to an ounce of water. A saturated solution is used ns an injection for quitters. VETERINARY FORMULARY. illtlJicincs for l^orsrs. BALLS AND BALL MASSES. The roots, seeds, and other dry substances are to be reduced to powder; and it is of importance that the aromatic seeds, especially, should have been recently powdered. The drugs should be of good quality. It is hoped that the trash sold as horse-powders will not much longer be known in establishments which have any pre- ' tensions to respectability. After this general notice, it will be unnecessary to occupy the space by repeating the words, “powdered,” “ freshly powdered,” “ genuine,” &c. Balls should not be too hard, but merely stiff enough to retain their form, and should be wrapped in soft paper. COM.MON MASS, as a basis for balls in general. Mix with the hands equal weights of linseed meal and treacle, and add a little palm oil. — Cherry. ALTEEATIVE BALLS. The term alterative is applied to medicines which, without any sensible operation, or with a laxative or diuretic operation so gradual as not to inter- fere with the usual work or diet, produce a favourable change in the system, and, in common language, “ purify the blood.” Alterative balls are given in skin diseases, swelled legs, grease, foul humours, &c.; usually 1 daily, or every other day. Diuretic Alterative Balls. 1. Dried common soda oz., 42 MEDICINES FOE HOE8ES. Castile soap G dr., rosin 2 oz., liquorice powder ^ oz., Barbiidoes tar to form 6 balls; I daily. — White. 2. Acetate of potash ^ oz., rosin ^ oz., fenugreek 1 oz. treacle enough to form amass for 2 balls ; 1 daily. Laxative Alterative Balls. 1. Aloes 4 oz., soft soap 4 oz., common mass 24 oz.; mix; dose, 1 oz. — V. C. 2. Socotrine aloes 8 oz., soft soap 8 oz., common mass 16 oz.; mix; dose, 1 oz. — V. C. 3. Aloes 10 dr., soap 12 dr., caraways 12 dr., ginger 4 dr., treacle q. s. for 4 balls; 1 daily. — White. 4. Aloes 1 dr., diuretic mass (No. 1 or 3) 9 dr. 5. Antimonial powder 1 dr., aloes 1 or 2 dr., diuretic mass (No. 1 or 3) 1 oz. Antimonial, or Diaphoretic Alterative Ball. 1. Levigated antimony 2 to 4 dr., caraway seeds 4 dr., treacle q. s. to form a ball. — White. 2. Prepared antimony 2 dr., nitre 3 dr., sulpbur 2 dr., linseed meal 2 dr., palm oil to form a mass ; one every niglit, in megrims Clater. 3. Tartarized antimony 2 dr., elecampane 2 oz., guaia- cum G dr., sulphur 1 oz., treacle and flour to form G balls ; one daily. 4. Tartarized antimony, 3 dr., ginger a scruple, soap 1 oz. For 3 balls : one every other morning. — Vines. Mercurial Alterative Balls. 1. Etliiops mineral 4 oz., sulphur, prepared antimony, cream of tartar, cinnabar, of eacli 5 oz., honey to form a mass for 12 balls; 1 every morning for a month in farcy. — Taplin. 2. Calomel dr., aloes 1 dr,, Castile soap 2 dr., oil of juniper 30 drops, syrup to form a ball. — White. 3. Blue pill 1 dr., black antimony 2 dr., diuretic mass 4 dr., aloes 1 dr., for a ball, daily. 4. In Grease; prepared antimony, sulphur, nitre, Etliiops mineral, of each 3 oz., Castile soap 10 oz., oil of juniper 3 dr., syrup or honey q. s. for 12 balls ; 1 every morning for 2 or 3 weeks. — Taplin. a. Quicksilver 2 parts, sesquioxide of iron 1 part, con- fection of roses 3 parts. Bub together till the quicksilver disappears. Dose, 5ss to 3ij, with common or other mass q. s — Dr. Collier’s Blue Pill. Alterative Tonic Balls. See Tonic Balls. BALLS AND BALL MASSES. 43 ASTRINGENT BALLS. These &re given in diarrhoea, diabetes, &c. I. C. Astringent Mass.) Catechu 1 oz., cinnamon 1 oz., common mass G oz.; mix; dose, 1 ounce. '■i. Peruvian bark 12 oz., grains of paradise 2 oz., gen- tian 3 oz., honey q. s. for 10 balls ; 1 every morning ; for diabetes. — Ryding. 3. Catechu ^ oz., alum 3 dr., cascarilla 2 dr., flour 2 dr., treacle q. s. — White. 4. Catechu 2 dr., opium ^ dr., linseed meal 2 dr., treacle to form a ball. For profuse staling, 1 night and morning ; if they confine the bowels, add 1 dr. of aloes. — Cl.vter. 5. Peruvian bark 1|- oz., alum ^ oz., treacle q. s. For the same purpose. — Lawrence. 0. Oak bark 1 oz., (or Peruvian bark J oz.,) opium 1 dr., ginger 2 dr., syrup to form a ball; for diarrhoea. — White. 7. Opium h dr., prepared chalk 6 dr., cassia IJ dr., tartarized antimony 2 dr., syrup to form a ball ; for the same. — White. 8. Nut-gall 2 dr., cassia^ dr., conserve of roses to form a ball. 9. Burnt rhubarb 1 dr., compound powder of chalk 3 dr., common mass 0 dr. ; for diarrhoea. 10. Tormentil dr bistort 1-J dr., marshmallow root ^ oz., chalk 2 dr., syrup to form a ball. II. For bloody urine. Acetate of lead 10 gr., sulphate of zinc 40 gr., catechu 4 dr., conserve of roses to form a ball ; once daily. — Blaine. See also Tonic Balls. COUGH BAI.LS ; Expectorant Balls. The following for- mula are chiefly intended for chronic coughs and thick- ness of wind. The bowels should be kept open by mashes and an occasional laxative. Coughs occasioned by worms require a different treatment. In coughs connected with inflammation of the chest, and epidemic catan-h, see Balls for Inflammation of the Lungs. 1. Aloes 2 oz., digitalis (powdered) 1 oz., common mass 13 oz.; dose, 1 oz. twice a day. — Morton. 44 MEDICINES FOE HOESES. 2. Emetic tartar ^ Jr., digitalis J dr., nitre dr., tar enough to form a ball ; every night. — Youatt. 3. Powdered squill 1 dr., gum ammoniac 3 dr., opium 4 dr., syrup to form a ball. — White. 4. Ipecacuanha 1 dr., camphor 2 dr., liquorice powder 1 dr., honey to form a ball ; to be given every morning. — Blaine. 5. Sulphur ^ oz., assafoetida 1 oz., liquorice powder 1 oz., Venice turpentine 1 oz., for 4 balls; one every night for 4 limes. — Hinds. 6. Calomel 20 gr., gum ammoniacum 2 dr., balsam of Peru 1 dr., p. squill 1 dr., honey to form a ball; one every morning. — Blaine. 7. P. marshallow root and liquorice, of each 1 dr., elecampane, sulphur, and Kermes mineral, of each § dr., honey to form a ball ; twice a-day. — Lebas. 8. Squill 2 dr., gum ammoniac 4 dr., ipecacuanha 4 dr., opium 4 dr., pimento 1 oz., balsam of sulphur 4 oz., Castile soap 2 oz., treacle to form a mass for 6 balls; one twice a-day. — Hinds. 9. Spermaceti 1 oz., balsam copaiva 1 oz., benzoin 2 dr., sulphur 2 oz., elecampane 2 oz., p. squill 4 dr., emetic tartar 2 dr., syrup of poppies to form a mass for 8 balls. — B. Clarke. 10. Liquorice powder ^ oz., linseed or barley meal 1 oz., tar 1 dr., honey to form a ball. 11. Castile soap, aniseed, liquorice, of each 5 oz., Barbadoes tar 6 oz., ammoniacum 3 oz., balsam of Tolu 1 oz., honey q. s. to make a mass for 12 balls; one every morning for a fortnight. — Taplin. 12. Digitalis I dr., nitre 2 dr., liquorice 4 dr., tar enough to form a ball. — Clater. See also Mixed Balls (Pectoral Cordial). BALLS FOR INFLAMMATION OF THE LUNGS, BRONCHITIS, &c. 1. Antimonial powder 2 dr., digitalis, 2 dr., nitre 3 dr., cream of tartar 3 dr., honey to form a ball ; one every 4, 6, or 8 hours, in inflammation of the lungs. — Blaine. 2. Digitalis 1 dr., emetic tartar 1^ dr., nitre 3 dr., BALLS AND BALL MASSES, 45 lioney q. s.; when the pulse intermits, reduce the dose to hftlf. — Youatt. 3. Nitre 0 dr., emetic tartar 2 dr., flour and syrup to form a ball ; twice a day. — White. 4. Digitalis 1 dr., emetic tartar 1 dr., nitre 3 dr., sulphur ] dr., linseed meal 2 dr.; beat together with palm oil. — Clater. 5. In epidemic catarrh. To the last add 2 dr. of the Physic Mass (No. 10): repeat this twice. (j. In the advanced stage, when suppuration has taken place. Carbonate of ammonia dr., opium 1 dr., aniseed ^oz., syrup to form a ball. — Spooner. CORDIAL 13AI.LS. For exhaustion from over- exertion, and as a stimulus to weak stomachs. But their frequent and unnecessary use is hurtful. 1. Ginger and gentian, equal parts, treacle to form a mass; dose, 1 oz. to 1| oz. — V. C. 2. Caraway, bruised raisins, of each 4 parts, ginger and palm oil, of each 2 parts. — Youatt. 3. Aniseed, caraway, cardamom, each 1 oz., saifron 2 dr., sugar-candy 4 oz., liquorice powder 1^ oz., Spanish juice (softened with water) 2 oz., oil of aniseed | oz., wheat flour q. s. ; dose, 1 oz. to 1^ oz. — Bracken. 4. Aniseed, caraway, sweet fennel, liquorice, of each 4 oz., of ginger and cassia, each 1a oz., honey to form a mass. — White. 5. Ginger, caraw'ay, each 4ft, gentian lit), palm oil 4^ th, beat together; dose, 1 oz. to 1^ oz. — Crater. 0. Gentian 8 oz., ginger 4 oz., coriander 8 oz., cara- way 8 oz., oil of aniseed ^ oz., treacle q. s.; dose, 1^ oz. — Blaine. 7. Aniseed, caraway, ginger, each 8 oz.; gentian, grains of paradise, cummin, and turmeric, each 4 oz. ; cassia 2 oz., oil of caraway 2 dr., treacle to form a mass; dose, I^ oz. To keep it moist, add 2 oz. of acetate of potash. 8. Cummin, aniseed, caraway, each 4 oz.; ginger 2 oz., treacle q. s.; dose, 1^ oz. to 2 oz. — White. 9. Pimento 1 It), sifted barley meal 2 Ih, treacle q. s. — B. Clarke. 46 MEDICINES FOE HOESES. MIXED BALLS. Cordial Astringent Ball. Cordial ball (No. 2) 1 oz., catechu 1 dr., opium 10 gr. ; to washy horses, before or after a journey. — Youatt, Cordial Anodyne Balls. J. Cordial mass (No. G) 10 dr., camphor 1 dr., opium 20 gr. — Blaine. 2. Opium ^ dr. to 2 scruples, soap 2 dr., ginger 1 dr., aniseed 4 dr., oil of caraway ^ dr., treacle q. s. — White. Balsamic Cordial Ball. Cordial mass (No. 6)1 oz., myrrh 1 dr., balsam of Tolu 1 dr. — Blaine. Pectoral Cordial Balls. 1. For old coughs. Fenugrec, ani- seed, cummin, safiSower, elecampane, coltsfoot, sulphur, of each 3 oz., liquorice juice 1 oz., olive oil 8 oz,, honey 8 oz , Genoa treacle 12 oz., oil of aniseed 1 oz., wheat meal I4 lb, or q. s; one ball, or 2 oz. (dissolved in water or warm wort) every day for 12 or 15 days if required. — Quincy. 2. Elecampane | oz., ginger 1^ dr., squill 1 dr., oil of aniseed 20 drops, syrup of Tolu q. s. — White. Diuretic Cordial Balls: to fine the legs of debilitated and overworked horses; and sometimes given in old coughs, &c. 1, Eosin 2 oz., soap, nitre, caraway, of each 2 oz., ginger li oz., sulphur 2 oz., oil of caraway i dr., oil of juniper ^ dr., syrup to form a mass. 2. Soap and common turpentine each 4 dr., ginger 1 dr., opium ^ dr., caraway seeds q. s. for 1 dose. — White. 3. Strained turpentine 8 oz., resin 4 oz., olive oil 2 oz., soap 8 oz., melt together and add powdered ginger 6 oz., pimento 6 oz., liquorice powder q. s. to form a mass. DIURETIC BALLS. For swelled legs, grease, for carrying off bad humours, and in many chronic diseases. The too free use of diuretics injures the kidneys, and weakens the system. See Alterative Balls (Diuretic), page 41, 1. Resin, soap, nitre, of each equal parts, beaten to- gether into a mass; dose, 1 oz. to l| oz. — V. C. 2. Common turpentine 4 oz., Castile soap 4 oz., cara- way 8 oz., ginger 1 oz., flour q.s. — White. 3. Rosin IG oz., white soap 16 oz., nitre 8 oz., dried common soda 2 oz., oil of juniper 4 oz.; beat together, adding flour if required; dose, 1 oz, to 1§ oz. BALLS AND BALL MASSES. 47 4. Nitre 1 ft, Castile soap ft, common turpentine 1 ft, barley meal 2^ ft, or sufficient; dose, about 1 oz. — B. Clabke. 5. White soap 8 oz., nitre 3 oz., rosin 3 oz., camphor 3 dr., oil of juniper 3 dr. For 6 balls; 1 every, or every other morning. — Taplin. 0. Common turpentine 1C oz., sulphur 24 oz., nitre 8 oz., honey 8 bz., flour or linseed meal q. s. ; dose, 1 a oz. 7. Camphor 2 dr., nitre 1 oz., flour and syrup to form a ball ; for stoppage of water White. 8. Yellow resin 4 ft, common turpentine 2 ft, yellow soap I ft; melt together, and add nitre 1 ft.— Blaine. 9. Common turpentine (or powdered resin) a oz., lin- seed meal ^ oz., ginger a dr., palm oil q. s.— Youatt. 10. Yellow resin 2 oz., common turpentine 4 oz., soap 3 oz. ; melt together, stir in 1 oz. sweet oil, add oil of aniseed a oz., oil of juniper ^ oz., ginger 2 dr., linseed meal q. s.; mix, and divide into 8 balls; 1 a day till the water is affected. — Hinds. 11. Eesin 2a ft, cream of tartar A ft, sulphur A ft, lin. seed meal 1 ft, palm oil 1 lb ; dose, 1 oz. to 2 oz.— Clateb. 12. Nitre 1 oz., Vermillion a oz., resin 1 oz., camphor ^ oz., honey q. s. for 4 balls. — Lebas. 13. Nitre 8 oz., oxysulphuret of antimony 1 oz., sul- phur 8 oz., resin 8 oz., oil of juniper 1 oz., yellow soap 8 oz., treacle to form a mass; dose, !§ oz. 14. White soap 1 oz., extract of juniper berries q. s. for 2 balls. Boubgelat. Tonic Diuretic Ball. Gentian 1 dr., ginger ^ dr., sulphate of iron 2 dr., diuretic mass (No. 11) ^ oz., oil of juniper 10 drops, syrup of squills ^ oz. ; twice a day in dropsy of chest; less frequently in swelled legs.— Clateb. See also Leicester Eed Balls. (Miscellaneous Balls.) FEVEE BALLS. 1. Emetic tartar A dr., camphor A flr., nitre 2 dr., com- mon mass 6 dr., or q. s. for 1 ball; to be given once or twice a day. — Mobton. 2. Camphor 1 dr., nitre 6 dr., antimonial powder 2 dr., flour and syrup to form a ball. White. 48 MEDICINES FOE HOESES, 3. Antiinoniftl powder 2 dr., nitre 3 dr., cream of tartar 2 dr., honey to form a ball ; in influenza, twice a day, after a mild laxative. — Blaine. 4. See Balls for Inflammation of Lungs, No. 4. — Clater. BALLS FOR FARCY AND GLANDERS. Mr. Coleman says he has tried the various preparations of arsenic, antimony, copper, mercury, zinc, aconite, digitalis, hem- lock, henbane, hellebore, nightshade, &c., in glanders, without any specific or curative effect. Mr. Youatt considers it useless to attempt the cure of glandered horses; but that farcy in its early stage and mild form may be successfully treated. Mr. Blaine says, “ All the mercurials have been used with benefit in farcy; but they must be discontinued as soon as the mouth is affected, or sickness, loss of appetite, &c., produced.” 1. jEthiops mineral 2 dr., blue pill 1 dr., prepared antimony 3 dr., diuretic mass 4 dr. One every morning. 2. Strong mercurial ointment 2 to 3 dr., guaiacum 3 dr., soap 4 dr., feuugrec 12 dr., treacle to form a mass, for fl balls. [See Mercurial Alterative Balls, page 42.] 3. Sulphate of copper 1 dr., corrosive sublimate 8 gr., linseed powder ^ oz.— White. 4. Corrosive sublimate 10 gr., gradually increased to 20, gentian 2 dr., ginger 1 dr., syrup to form a ball; to be given night and morning till some effect is produced: when the mouth is affected, the sublimate may be ex- changed for 1 dr. sulphate of copper. — Youatt. 5. Sulphate of copper 1 dr., calomel 20 gr., common turpentine 3 dr., liquorice powder and syrup q. s. for one ball. — Coleman. 6. Sulphate of copper 1 dr., white arsenic 8 gr., cor- rosive sublimate 8 gr., linseed powder i oz., syrup to form a ball. — White. 7. AUthiops mineral 2 dr., opium 10 gr., liquorice j)Owder and mucilage to form a ball ; to be given twice a day till the breath or urine is affected. — Hinds. 8. Sulphate of iron 2 dr., Peruvian bark 1 oz., opium ^ dr., syrup to form a ball. — Smith. BALLS AND BALL MASSES. 49 9. Cantharides 4 gr., gradually increased to 0 or 8 gr., gentian, ginger, and caraway each 1 dr., syrup q. s. ; every or every other day. — Vinks. 10. JDiiiiodide of copper i dr., gentian dr., pimento 1 dr., cantharides 5 gr.; for one ball. — Moiiton. 11. Sulphate of zinc 15 gr., cantharides 7 gr., pimento or ginger 15 gr., treacle and oatmeal to form a ball ; 1 daily. — Br.vcy Cl.vrk. 12. Sublimate, arsenic, verdigris, each 8 gr., sulphate of copper 20 gr.; for one ball (with common mass q. s.); the dose may be gradually increased, carefully watching its effects, but should never exceed 15 gr. of sublimate and arsenic. — Bl.vine. 14. Sublimate 10 gr., gentian 2 dr., ginger 1 dr., linseed meal ^ oz., palm oil to form a ball; night and morning for a fortnight ; for farcy. — Clater. 14. Sulphate of copper ^ dr. to 1 dr., ginger and gen- tian, each 1 dr., linseed meal and palm oil to form a ball ; morning and night for a fortnight, then daily as long as necessary ; in glanders. — Clater. 15. Strong mercurial ointment 3 oz. ; white soap 2 oz., starch 2 oz. ; form a mass, and divide into 12 balls ; 1 every morning. — -Moiroud. 16. Assafcetida 3 oz. ; vermilion 2 oz., muriate of lime 3 dr., galangal 1 oz., strong mercurial ointment 2 oz. ; beat together into a uniform mass, and divide into 6 balls ; one every other morning. — Lebas. 17. lEthiops mineral 8 oz., powdered burdock root 10 oz., treacle q. s.; make into 32 balls. — Moiroud. 18. Antibecticum Poterii 2 dr., with 6 dr. of cordial ball ; every other day. — Mr. Lawrence. 19. Calomel 1 oz., assafcetida 4 oz., galangal powder 1 oz., mercurial ointment 2 oz. Mix, and form 0 balls. One every other morning. — Lebas. 20. lodhydrargyrate of potassium (see Hydrargyri et Potassii iodidum. Pocket Formulary) 3 oz., powdered althsea root, and honey, q. s. to make 100 balls. Give from 1 to 8 daily, gradually increasing the dose to that number. — Bouchardat. F 60 MEDICINES FOR HORSES. BALLS FOR GREASE. See Diuretic Balls, and Alterative Balls. BALLS FOR YELLOWS, OR JAUNDICE, AND IN- FLAMMATION OF LIVER (HEPATITIS). 1. For Hepatitis without purging; calomel 1 dr., anti- monial powder 2 dr., aloes 3 dr., syrup to form a ball; * oue every 4 or 5 hours, till the bowels are opened. — Blaine. 2. Calomel | dr., aloes 1 dr., soap 2 dr., rhubarb ^ oz., syrup to form a ball ; to be given every 12 hours, till it purges moderately. — White. 3. Aloes 2 dr., calomel 1 dr., syrup to make a ball ; twice a day. — Youatt. 4. Opium 1 dr., calomel 1 dr., emetic tartar 2 dr., liquorice powder 3 dr., syrup to form a ball ; once every 12 hours. — White. Yellows {Jaundice) without Fever. 1. Calomel 1 dr., aloes 2 dr., soap 2 dr. ; for one ball ; night and morning till purged, then so as to keep them lax. — Blaine. 2. Calomel ^ dr., aloes 1^ dr., Castile soap 2 dr., rhu- barb 3 dr., syrup to form a ball. — ^M’^hite. 3. In the latter stage, when not costive, calomel 12 gr., sulphate of copper 1 dr., gentian 3 dr., oak bark 3 dr., chamomile 3 dr., syrup to form a ball ; once or twice a day. — Blaine. PHYSIC OR PURGING BALLS. The animal should be prepared by bran mashes for two days, and the ball given fasting in the morning. Gentle exercise with a ball is useful, but not after it begins to operate. Genuine Barbadoes aloes should be used (from the gourd, not melted), and the dose seldom need exceed 6 dr. A week should be allowed between the operation of one ball before another is given. See Aloes, in the Veterinary Materia Medica. 1. (V. C. Cathartic mass.) Bruised B. aloes 8 oz., olive oil 1 oz. ; melt together in a vessel placed in hot water; remove it from the fire, add 3 oz. of treacle, and stir all together; dose C to 12 dr., equal to 4 to 8 dr. of aloes. 2. (V. C. Stronger.) To each dose of the last add from 4 to 8 drops of croton oil. BALLS AND BALL MASSES. 61 3. B. aloes 4 to 8 dr., soap 3 to 4 dr., ginger 1 dr., oil of cloves 10 drops, (or oil of caraway or aniseed 20 drops,) water 1 dr. or q. s. ; beat together into a mass. — White. Mr. W. says this is the best that can be employed. 4. B. aloes 15 oz., ginger 1 oz.; mix and beat up with 8 oz. of palm oil. Dose, 1 oz. to 1^. — Mr. Youatt. 5. Barb, aloes 24 dr.. Cape aloes 12 dr., olive oil 4 dr., treacle 12 dr.; dose, 7 to 14 dr.; mix as No. 1. — Morton. 6. B. aloes 5 dr., 7^ dr., or 9 dr., oil of caraway 10 drops ; made up with palm oil or lard. — Mr. Blaine’s Nos. 1, 2, and 3. 7. Melt Barb, aloes (in a tin vessel immersed in boiling water) with a fifth of its weight of treacle, and while soft, pour it into paper moulds ; 1 oz. is a full dose for a large sized saddle or coach horse. — B. Clark, [For a conve- nient apparatus for melting and casting these balls, see Mr. Bracy Clark’s Pharmacopoeia Equina; or Vol. V. of the Pharmaceutical Journal.] 8. B. aloes 5 to 8 dr., cream of tartar 2 dr., oil of cloves 10 drops, treacle to form a ball.— Peall. 9. Aloes 7 dr., Castile soap 4 dr., aromatic powder 1 dr., oil of caraway 6 drops, mucilage to form a ball. Hinds. 10. Barb, aloes 7^ parts, socotrine aloes 7^ parts, ginger 1 part ; mix the potyders, add 7^ parts of palm oil, and beat to a mass, keep it in a jar closely covered ; dose, 1^ oz. to 1| oz. — Clater. 11. B. aloes 134 oz.,lard 6 oz., treacle I4 oz., water 14 oz.; put them in an earthen vessel, placed in boiling water; mix, and form the mass into 18 balls. — McEwen. Mercurial Physic Balls. 1. Cathartic mass (No. 10 above) 10 to 14 dr., calomel 1 dr. to I4 dr. ; mix.— Clater. 2. For stomach staggers: Aloes 1 oz., calomel L oz., cascarilla 3 dr., syrup to form a ball. — White. LAXATIVE BALLS. 1. Ipecacuanha 1 dr., aloes 3 to 4 dr., liquorice powder and mucilage to form a ball. — Hinds. 2. Aloes 3 to 4 dr., soap 3 dr., oil of caraway 20 drops, syrup q. s. — White. 52 MEDICINES FOE HOESES. 8. Aloes 3 to 4 dr., soap 4 dr., emetic tartar 2 dr., mu- cilage to form a ball. — Hinds. For other formula?, see Alterative Balls (laxative). NAUSEATING BALLS. These are given iu inflammatory diseases. 1. Powdered white hellebore ^ dr., linseed meal 4 dr., treacle to form a hall ; one night and morning till some efl'ect is produced : iu inflammation of the kidnej^s. — Clater. 2. White hellebore 20 gr., common mass or other pro- per material to form a ball ; give one every 4, G, or 8 hours, till symptoms of nausea appear, taking care not to carry it too far. — Mr. Percival. See Fever Balls. See Hellebore, iu Veterinary Materia Medica. STOMACHIC BALLS. For indigestion, and during reco- very from debilitating diseases which have impaired the appetite. A mild purge should be previously given. 1. Gentian, quassia, grains of paradise, of each 3 dr., Venice turpentine q. s. for one ball. — Blaine. 2. Gentian 2 or 3 dr., carbonate of soda 1 dr., ginger 1 dr., treacle to form a ball. — White. 3. Chamomiles 2 dr., calumbo 2 dr., common salt 1 dr., fenugi-ec 2 dr., syrup to form a ball. 4. Myrrh dr., cascarilla 2 dr., Castile soap 1 dr., syrup to form a ball. — White. .'3. Laxative Stomachic Ball. Aloes 3 dr., rhubarb 3 dr., snbcarbonate of soda 2 dr., ginger 1^ dr., treacle to form a ball. — White. 0. Calumbo and chamomile in powder, each 2 dr., Venice treacle § oz., oil of caraway 25 drops, honey q. s. — Lawrence. See Tonic Balls, for other fornfiiloe. TONIC BALLS. In diseases attended with general debility, and to restore strength after tedious illnesses. Te(}t>tahle Tonics. 1. Peruvian bark 1 oz., opium | dr., ginger 1^ dr., oil of caraway 20 drops, treacle to form a ball. — White. 2. Sulphate of quinine 1 dr., gentian, oak bark, and honey, to form a ball. — Moiroud. BALLS AND BALL MASSES. 53 3. Gentian 1 dr., ginger § dr., cascarilla 1 dr., treacle and linseed meal to form a ball. — Clater. 4. Myrrh 2 dr., mustard Hour 1 dr., cantharides 5 gr., chamomile 4 dr., Venice turpentine q. s. for one ball. — Blaine. 5. Gentian 4 dr., chamomile 2 dr., carbonate of iron 1 dr., ginger 1 dr., syrup q. s. for one ball. — Youatt. 6. Quassia 2 dr., canella2dr., opium ^ dr., ginger 1 dr., treacle q. s. — White. Mineral Tonics. 1. Sulphate of iron 4 oz., ginger 4 oz., common mass 10 oz.; beat together to form a mass; dose, 1 oz. to oz V. C. 2. Sulphate of iron ^ oz., aromatic powder 2 dr., muci- lage q. s. to form a ball. — White. 3. Scales of iron 12 oz., gentian 8 oz., honey to form a mass. — Moiroud. 4. Myrrii 3 dr., sulphate of iron 2 dr., chamomile 3 dr., ginger 1 dr., Venice turpentine or palm oil to form a ball. — Blaine. 5. Gentian 4 dr., chamomile 2 dr., carbonate of iron 1 dr., ginger 1 dr., syrup for one ball. — Youatt. 6. Sulphate of iron 2 dr., carbonate of potash 2 dr., cascarilla 2 dr., caraway 4 dr., treacle q. s. — White. 7. Sulphate of iron 1 dr., carbonate of soda 2 dr., myrrh 1 dr., ginger 1 dr., cantharides G gr., caraway ^ oz., treacle q. s. — White. 8. Tonic Mass. Sulphate of copper 2 oz., ginger 2 oz., common mass 12 oz.; beat together ; dose, 1 oz. to l^oz. —V. C. 9. Sulphate of copper and ginger, of each 1 dr., canella 4 dr., conserve of roses q, s. for one ball. — Blaine. 10. White arsenic 5 to 10 gr., aniseed ^ oz., opium ^ dr., treacle q. s.; sometimes 2dr. of sulphate of zinc may be added. — White. 11. Arsenic 10 gr., gentian and cascarilla, of each 3 dr., conserve of roses q. s. — Blaine. Mild Alterative Tonics. To promote condition; a mild dose of physic should be previously given. ^ 1. Aloes 1 dr.. Winter’s bark 2 dr., verdigris 1 dr., treacle or honey q. s. F 2 64 MEDICINES FOE HOESES. 2. Arsenic 8 gr., pimento ] dr., extract of gentiap4dr.; daily. Nitre 1 oz., sulpliur 6 dr., pliysic mass ^oz„ gentian 0 dr., ginger ^ oz., palm oil, q. s. for 4 balls. One daily, after an attack of stomach staggers. — Clater. WORM BALLS. 1. Calomel 1 or 2 dr. at night, and an aloetic hall in the morning. — Clater. 2. Emetic tartar 2 dr., ginger a scruple, linseed meal and treacle to form a hall ; one every morning an hour before feeding. — Youatt. 3. Calomel 8 gr., arsenic 8 gr., tin filings 1 oz., Venice turpentine ^ oz. ; mix; and give every morning fasting, for a fortnight. — Blaine. 4. Common salt ^ oz., gentian 2 dr., rust of iron 2 dr., savin 1 dr., treacle to form a ball, to be given every morn- ing for a week : then a purging hall. f). B. aloes 0 dr., ginger 1^ dr., oil of wormwood 20 ' drops, subcarbonate of soda 2 dr., syrup to form a ball; ^•dr. or 1 dr. of calomel may be added, or given the pre- vious night; to be repeated at intervals of 10 days if re- quired.— White. C. Emetic tartar 2 dr., common mass 6 dr. ; to be gi%'en. for 0 mornings, and 'a purging ball on the 7th. 7. Assafoetida 2 dr., calomel 1 or 2 dr,, savin dr., oil of wormwood 20 drops, syrup q. s.; at night, and a physic ball in the morning. 8. Emetic tartar I dr., sulphur 1 dr., linseed meal 4 dr., palm oil to form a ball ; one every morning after a mercu- rial physic ball. — Clater. 0. For long round worms. Emetic tartar 2 dr., ginger dr., tin filings G dr., linseed meal 1 dr., palm oil to form a ball. 10. Assafoetida 4 oz., gentian 2 oz., strong mercurial ointment 1 oz., honey to form a mass, for IG balls; one or more every morning Lebas. MISCELLANEOUS BALLS, Garlic JidU. Beat garlic to a paste with enough linseed or liquorice to form a mass; dose, 10 dr. BALLS AND BALL MASSES. 65 loduK Ball. Iodine 5 gr., linseed meal 5 dr., palm oil to form a ball. Ball to prevent Hydrophobia, Scull-cap 2 scruples, bella- donna 2^ gr., form them into a ball, to be given night and morning; the second week 2 balls, the third 3 balls, and this continued for 0 weeks. — Youatt. Leicester Bed Balls. Nitre 1 K>, resin 1 Ih, common soda ■ 2 oz., Castile soap ^ Ih, ginger 2 oz., oil of juniper 2 dr., cinnabar ^ oz. ; dose, oz. Balls for Appetite. Equal weights of assafcetida, saffron, bay-berries, and aloes, made into a mass with extract of gentian; dose, 1 oz. — Lebas. Anodyne Ball. Opium ^ dr. to 1 dr., camphor 1 dr., aniseed ^ oz., soft extract of liquorice q. s. — White. Antispasmodic Ball. Opium 1 dr., powdered belladonna 10 gr. ; linseed meal 3 dr., palm oil or treacle q.s.; twice or thrice a day, in spasm of the neck of the bladder. — • C LATER. Ball for Roaring. The cough ball. No. 12, may be tried ; and the compound iodine ointment rubbed on the throttle for some weeks or months. Stimulating Diaphoretic Bull. Emetic tartar If dr., ginger 2 dr., camphor f dr., opium 2 scruples, oil of caraway l.'j drops, honey to form a ball ; for hhle-bound and unhealthy coat without any other disease. — White. Bartlett’s Perspirative' Ball. Dover’s powder 3 dr., cam- phor 1 dr., treacle q. s. Hinds’ Sa:eating Ball. Emetic tartar I dr., assafcetida 1 dr., liquorice powder and syrup to form a ball ; repeat in 12 hours if required. Grease Ball. Liver of antimony 10 oz., salt of tartar 10 oz., gum guaiacum, fenugrec, parsley seed, of each 4 oz., treacle to form a mass ; dose If oz. Sedative Ball. In slight colic.- Assafcetida 4 dr., opium 4 dr., syrup and liquorice powder to form 4 balls. — Hinds. Stimulating Diuretic Balls. ■ Cantharides 1 dr., aloes 2 dr., strained turpentine 1 oz., honey q. s.; make 4 balls, and roll in elecampane powder. — M. Gohier, in dropsry. Stimulating Expectorant Ball. Assafcetida 3 dr., galbanum 66 MEDICINES FOE HOESE8. 1 dr., carbonate of ammonia ^ dr., ginger 1^ dr., honey q. s. — White. Sedative Aperient Ball. In epidemic catarrh or distemper. Balls for inflammation of the lungs (No. 4) 6 dr., physic ball (No. 10) 2 dr.; one at night and another in the morning. — Clatee. Zinc and Valerian Ball. Oxide of zinc 1 oz., valerian 2 oz., oil of hartshorn 1 oz., soft extract of juniper berries q. s. to make 4 balls ; one, twice a day. — Eckel. CHEWING BALLS, or Masticatories. The ingredients are to be tied in a piece of rag, and fixed by a string so that it may be kept in the mouth and chewed. 1. Emollient Masticatory. Marshmallow root, liquorice, gum Arabic, of each (in powder) 1 oz., honey I oz. or q. s. — Lebas. 2. To promote appetite. Assafostida, liver of antimony, juniper berries, bay-wood, pellitory, made into a mass with verjuice, tied as above. — Solleysell. 3. Assafcetida, common salt, mastic, galangal, each 1 oz. — Lebas. 4. Assafcetida 2 oz., salt 1 oz. — Bourgelat. 5. Angelica | oz., assafcetida 1 oz., vinegar 2 dr. — Solleysell. 6. Flour of mustard | oz., sal ammoniac 2 dr., powdered pellitory 1 oz, — Moiroud. ELECTUAEIES & CONFECTIONS. Electuaries are compound medicines in the state of a soft paste. When the paste is hard enough to be formed into balls, the compound resembles ball masses or balls, under which we have placed them. French pharmaciens often use the term opiates as nearly synonymous with electuaries ; but we only apply the name (opiates) to compounds con- taining opium. Opiate Confection. (^Veterinary.') Opium 1§ oz., mace- rate iu a little hot water till soft, and rub it to a paste; then add ginger 3 oz., caraway 6 oz., treacle 1^ lb ; dose, to 2 oz. — White. EliECTTTAEIES AND CONFECTIONS. 57 DEMULCENT AND rECTOEAL ELECTUAKIES. 1 . jrarslimallow root niid liquorice (in powder) of each 2 oz., honey 10 oz. ; mix; to be given at twice, with a spatula. — Moikhoud. , 2. Melt 4 oz. spermaceti with 2 oz. of olive oil, add 0 oz. of honey, and mix in 1^ p. marshmallow root; to be given daily. — Moiroud. 3. (JFi/h Opium.') Powdered gum 2 oz., marshmallow 1 oz., extract of opium 2 dr., honey 3 oz. ; for 2 doses. 4. Cough Electuary with Manna. Manna 2 oz., honey f) oz. ; in the morning ; said to have cured acute bron- chitis, &c. 5. Powdered liquorice 8 oz., elecampane 4 oz., sulphur 2 oz., honey of squill 32 oz. ; mix ; for 8 doses. STIMULANT AND CORDIAL ELECTUARIES. [M. Lebas gives a form for an electuary {Theriaque) of many ingredients, the first of which (cordial powder) itself con tains 26 ingredients. We only insert here the simpler formulae of the French veterinarians.] 1. Powdered angelica root 2 oz., masterwort 1 oz., muriate of ammonia ^ oz., honey 8 oz. — Moiroud. 2. Slimulanl and Expectorant. Assafcetida 4 oz., ele- I campane 8 oz., honey 32 oz. for 6 doses. — Moiroud. 3. Powdered cassia and ginger, each 1 oz., honey 6 ounces. — Moiroud. TONIC AND ASTRINGENT ELECTUARIES. 1. Red oxide of iron 8 oz., gentian 12 oz., extract oi juniper-berries 32 oz. Moiroud prescribes 6 oz. for a horse, or I oz. for a sheep; but these are larger doses than are customary in England. 2. Peruvian bark 0 ounces, nitre 1 oz., camphor ^ oz., honey 16 oz. — Lebas. 3. Powdered bistort 1 oz., calcined magnesia 4 dr., honey 4 oz. — Moiroud. PURGATIVE AND LAXATIVE ELECTUARIES. Aloe- tic compounds are usually made stiff enough to form into balls. See Physic Balls. I . Oil of croton 20 drops, powdered senna 4 dr., honey q. s. — Moiroud. 68 MEDICINES FOE HOE8ES. 2. Sulphate of magnesia 4 oz., honey 16 oz., bran a quart; infuse the bran in sufficient hot water, and add the salt and honey; twice a day till the bowels are re- laxed.— Bourgelat. 3. Sulphate of soda or magnesia 5 oz., manna 4 oz., bran 1 quart; as the last. — Moiroud. DIURETIC ELECTUARIES. 1. Acetate of potash 2 oz., oxymel of squills 4 oz.; oatmeal of flour, to give a soft consistence. — Moiroud. 2. Nitre 1 oz., camphor 2 dr. (rubbed with yolks of 2 eggs), oxymel 4 oz.; flour or liquorice powder, to give a suitable consistence. — Moiroud. DIAPHORETIC ELECTUARIES. 1. Sulphur 1 oz., powdered angelica oz., honey 5 oz. — Moiroud. 2. Prepared antimony 1 J oz., elecampane 2 oz., treacle 4 oz. 3. Kermes mineral 1 oz., powdered sassafras and ele- campane, each ^ dr., honey G oz. VETEEINARY POWDEES. Mr. B. CLARK’S PULVIS UTILIS, as a vehicle for other powders. Turmeric ^ lb, oatmeal or sifted barley-meal 4 lb; mix. AROMATIC POWDER, OR HORSE SPICE. 1. White’s Aromatic Powder, Caraway G oz., pimento 4 oz., ginger 2 oz., liquorice 2 oz.; mix; dose, G to 8 dr. 2. Common Horse Spice. Caraway, aniseed, coriander seeds, of each 16 oz. ; turmeric 32 oz., cummin seeds, liquorice, and ginger, of each 8 oz. ; mix. 3. This is inserted, not as a desirable form, but as a specimen of what is used in the trade. Cayenne 2 oz., bean flour 4b lb, mustard hulls 45 lb, cummin seed 15 lb, caraway 15 lb, turmeric 9 lb, bay-berries 3 lb, ivory black 1 lb. — Gray’s Supplement. The cordial powder of Lebas contains 26 ingredients. VETEBINART POWDEES. 59 ABSORBENT POWDERS. 1. Carbonate of soda 2 to 4 dr., ginger 1 dr., calurabo 2 to 4 dr. — White. 2. Prepared chalk 4 dr., gentian 2 to 4 dr., aromatic powder (above) 1 or 2 dr. ALTERATIVE, DIURETIC, AND DIAPHORETIC POWDERS. For swelled legs, grease, foul humours, hide-bound, mange, surfeit, old coughs, and to render the skin fine. They are usually given with moistened com. Too free use of these powders may prove injurious. 1. Sulphur 2 parts, black antimony 1, nitre 1; mix; dose, ^ oz. to 1 oz. — V. C. 2. Sulphur 4 dr., levigated antimony 2 dr., nitre 3 dr., mix ; in hide-hound and unthrifty coat, every night.— Youatt. 3. jEthiop’s mineral ^ oz., cream of tartar 1 oz.; mix; give every night, in a mash ; for grease. — Blaine. 4. Sulphur 12 oz., antimony (black) 12 oz. ; mix, and divide into 24 powders ; for mange, &c. — Taplin. 5. Nitre 16 oz., resin 16 oz., prepared antimony 4 oz., flowers of sulphur 24 oz. ; mix ; dose, 1 oz. every evening, with moistened com, for 6 or 8 times. 6. Equal weights of antimony, nitre, and cream of tartar; dose, 6 to 9 dr. — Blaine. 7. Nitre 6 oz., vermilion | oz., resin 6 oz., tartarized antimony 2 dr. ; for 12 doses. 8. Sulphur ^ oz., prepared antimony 1 dr.; once a day, in the food, for 10 or 14 days. — Clateb. 9. Taplin’s Alterative Powders. Levigated antimony 8 oz., sulphur 8 oz., jEthiop’s mineral 4 oz., cream of tartar 4 oz.; in 12 doses. 10. Cream of tartar 2 dr., nitre 2 dr., sulphur 4 dr. ; for one dose. — Blaine. 11. Nitre I oz., resin 1 oz., rust of iron 1 oz., emetic tartar 1.5 grains ; dose, 1 oz. — Lebas. 12. In Farcy. Prepared antimony 12 oz., sulphur 12 oz., cream of tartar 8 oz., cinnabar 6 oz.; mix, and divide into 20 doses; one every night, in corn. — Taplin. 60 MEDICINES FOE HOESES. CONDITION POWDERS. A want of condition is gene- rally indicated by, and connected with, the unthrifty state of the coat, which the above (alterative) powders are sup- posed to remedy. Sometimes warm and bitter tonics are added to those ingredients which promote the action of the skin and kidneys, to increase the appetite and promote nutrition; but the most scientific practitioners condemn these additions ; and particularly when the animal is changing its coat. 1. Black antimony 4 oz., flowers of sulphur 2 oz., beau- flour or barley-meal ^ lb ; a tablespoonful with corn — Mr. B. Clark. 2. Sulphur 2 lb, fenugrec 4 lt>, cream of tartar Itb, liquorice 1 1b, nitre 1 lb, black antimony ^ lb, gentian lb, aniseed \ lb, common salt 1 lb; dose, 1 oz. daily for 2 or 3 weeks. 3. Gentian 4 oz., liquorice 4 oz., fenugrec 10 oz., dia- pente 0 oz., nitre 4 oz., salt 4 oz.; to promote appetite. 4. Aromatic powder 2 oz., assafcetida oz., cream of tartar | oz., crocus metallorum ^ oz. ; for 2 doses. — Lebas. DI.APENTE. This should be made with equal parts of myrrh, gentian, ivory dust, bay-berries, and birthwort. But a worthless compound is commonly sold for it. The following is one of the least objectionable substitutes: — Equal parts of gentian, turmeric, bay-berries, and mus- tard. Another form in use is — Bay-berries 2^ tb, guaia- cum wood 2 lb, gentian 1 4 lb, bole 2 tb, bark which has been used for the tincture 2 lb. Fever Powders. 1. Nitre 1 oz., camphor 2 dr., tartarized antimony 2 dr. — White. 2. Nitre 0 dr., camphor 2 dr., calx of antimony li dr. — Hinds. 2. Nitre 1 oz., unwashed calx of antimony 2 dr., auti- monial powder 3 dr., camphor 1 dr. — White. Pectoral Powder. Powder of gum tragacanth 0 oz., nitre 1 oz. ; give a tablespoonful in their mashes or food, in coughs. Purijative Powder. Epsom salt 8 oz., aloes 10 oz., aniseed 3 oz.; dose, 2 oz. — Lebas. DKINKS. 61 Pon der for the Gripes. Aloes, senna, ginger, cream of tartar, of each 1 Hi ; mix. This was formerly honoured with the title of Piilvis Sanctiis. Tf orm Powders. 1. Sulphur 12 parts, quicksilver 4 parts; triturate together till the mercury is extinct; then add male fern, rhubarb, tansy, gentian, of each 4 parts, worm- wood, savin, aloes, castor seeds, of each 1 part; dose, li oz. to 2 oz. — Lebas. 2. Fern root 4 parts, tansy 2, assafoetida and aloes, each I part; dose, as the last. — Moiroud. 3. Sulphur 1 oz., emetic tartar 4 dr., common salt 8 oz., liver of antimony 1 oz. ; mix ; for 6 doses ; one daily in wetted corn. — Hinds. Mr. White’s Compound Arsenical Poivder. White arsenic 1 dr., cream of tartar 9 dr.; mix carefully; give 10 gr. 3 times a day. Hayne’s Bitter Powder, for loss of appetite. Sulphate of potash 2 oz., gentian 1 oz., flour q. s. To be given twice a day. MEDICATED PROVENDEK. Bruised oats 4 Hi, bruised juniper-berries 2 oz., common salt 1 oz.; mix. Nourishing and stimulant. — Delafond. EtqiuK ilHebicinfsi for ?f}orgejS. DRINKS, DRENCHES, MIXTURES, MASHES, ETC. Drinks, properly speaking, are liquids which the horse will take willingly ; Drenches are those liquid medicines which must be administered by a horn, bottle, or funnel. But this distinction is not always observed. MILD DRINKS. Demulcent, pectoral, cooling, and diuretic. Barley Water. Barley I Hi, water 2 gallons; boil to G G 62 MEDICINES FOE HOESES. quarts, strain, and add 1 fb of honey. If common barley is used, it sliould be first boiled with a little water, and this thrown away. If pearled barley is used, this will be less necessary. In inflammatory and catarrhal com- plaints. Oatmeal Gruel. 1. Mix gradually 4 oz. of sweet oatmeal with as much cold water as will form a smooth mixture. Put 2 quarts of water in a saucepan over a clear fire, and before it gets very hot, add in the mixture of oatmeal and vyater j stir the whole till it boils, and let it simmer a little while. Take care not to smoke it. 2. Mix half a pint of oatmeal with the same measure of water; triturate them in a marble mortar with a wooden pestle, for some time ; then add 1 gallon of boiling water, and boil for a few minutes. — Mr. B. Clakk. Blanche ff ater. Wet 3 or 4 handfuls of bran with scald- ing water, and work it with the hands till it becomes clammy ; then add as much more water as may be desired. A mixture of oatmeal and cold water is also called white water, and in France potato or other starch is used for the same purpose. Linseed Tea. 1. Infuse 4 oz. of linseed in 3 pints of boil- ing water for several hours near the fire, stirring occa- sionally ; then strain off, and add 4 oz. of honey ; for 2 doses ; in coughs, &c. 2. Pour 1 gallon of boiling water on ^ Jb of linseed ; let the infusion stand till nearly cold, then pour oflf the clear liquid. — Youatt. Compound Decoction of Linseed. Linseed 4 oz., liquorice root 4 oz., mallows 2 handfuls ; boil in 6 quarts of water for h^f an hour. Let the horse drink it freely. Blaine. Cooling and Refreshing Drink. Barley water, linseed tea, or blanche water, 8 quarts, simple oxymel 16 oz. — Moiroud. Cooling and Diuretic Drink. Dissolve 1 oz. of nitre in a pail of water. Camphorated Diuretic Drink. Water 10 quarts, nitre 1 oz., camphor (rubbed with yolks of 2 or 3 eggs) \ oz. ; mix, and let the animal drink when thirsty. — Moiboud. 63 MASHES. Bran Mash. Bran or pollard ^ peck; put it in a bucket, and pour on it enough scalding water to wet it thoroughly ; let it be well stirred with a stick, or worked with the hands, and let it stand, covered up, till new-milk warm. Emollient and slightly laxative. When intended to be nutritive, oats should be scalded with the bran. — B. Clark. Midt Mash. Upon a peck of ground malt pour a gallon and a half of boiling [better not quite boiling] water. Stir frequently, and give when new-milk warm. Nutritive, in diseases attended with great debility. — Markham. Linseed Mash. Hind’s Cooling Decoction. Linseed 2 quarts, coarse sugar 2 oz., boiling water 6 quarts ; simmer for 3 or 4 hours. DEENCHES. DRENCHES FOR DIARRHCEA, DYSENTERY, AND DIABETES. For Diarrhoea. 1. Restringent Draught. Opium 1 dr., prepared chalk 1 oz., compound powder of tragacanth 1 oz., mint water 1 pint. — White. 2. Prepared chalk 2 oz., gum arabic § oz., catechu 2 dr., thin starch ^ pint. — Blaine. 3. Prepared chalk 1 oz., catechu 2 dr., p. opium 1 dr. p. ginger 1 dr. ; rub together with contents of one egg and add ^ pint of thin gruel. — Clater. 4. For purging from corrosive sublimate. Powdered opium 2 dr. ; rub down with the yolk and white of one egg, add the contents of two more eggs, and gradually stir in ^ pint of thin gruel. — Clater. For Dysentery or Molten Grease. 1. Castor oil 8 oz., ipecacuanha 1 dr., opium 20 gr., liquid arrow-root 8 oz! Repeat once or twice at intervals of 6 hours ; then sub- stitute boiled starch for the castor oil. — Blaine. 2. Opium 2 dr., nux vomica ^ dr., ipecacuanha 1 dr., red wine 1 quart; mix; morning and evening. G4 MEDICINES FOE HOE8ES. For Diabetes. 1. Opium 1 dr., ginger 2 dr., p. oak bark 1 07.., decoction of oak bark, 1 pint. — White. 2. Sulpliuret of potash 2 dr., uva ursi 4 dr., oak bark 1 oz., catechu 2 dr., opium ^ dr. In strong chamomile tea. — Blaine. S. Calomel 3 dr., cascarilla 2 dr., salt of steel 2|- dr., salt tartar 1^ dr., tincture of opium ^ oz., strong beer q. s. — White. C.Ml.MINATiyE AND ANTISPASMODIC DRENCHES for spasmodic and flatulent colic, or gripes. fN.B. As most of these i renches would be injurious in injlamniation of the bowels (Enteritis), care should be takeii to distinguish between these diseases. Inflamma- tion is known by the quick but small pulse, redness of the inside of the eyelids, coldness of the ears and legs, and scanty and high-coloured urine. In colic, the attacks and remissions of pain alternate ; in inflammation the pain and distress continue. In colic, the pain is relieved by friction and motion; in inflammation, it is iucreased. Colic is sudden in its attack; inflammation, more gradual in its approach.] 1. Brandy, rum, or gin from 4 to (i oz., hot water 12 oz. Mr. Clark directs a wineglassful of spirits to half a pint of warm water. A pint of ale is sometimes substi- tuted.— White. 2. Half a large bottle of Daffys Elixir, with hot water. 3. Tincture of pimento 4 ounces, warm water half a pint. — B. Clark. 4. Anodyne carminative tincture (White’s, see below) 2 to 4 oz., hot water half a pint. — White. /). Antispasmodic Draught. Spirit of nitric ether 2 oz., tincture of opium 1 oz., solution of aloes (see below) 4 oz.— V. C. ’ (i. Spirit of nitric ether ^ oz., tincture of opium ^ oz., oil of turpentine 3 oz., gruel 1 pint. — Blaine. 7. Rectified oil of turpentine 3 oz., tincture of opium 1 oz., warm ale 1 pint. If it does notvrelieve, repeat half the quantity with 1 oz. aloes dissolved in warm water. ■ — Youatt. DRENCHES. d5 8. Strong ether 1 oz., laudanum 2 oz., oil of pepper- mint 1 dr., ale and gin, each a of a pint. — Blaine. 9. Camphor 2 dr., tincture of opium 1 oz., oil of pep- permint 30 drops, warm water 1 pint. In a violent attack, add 1 oz. of spirit of turpentine. — Peall. 10. The juice of 3 or 4 onions, with half a pint of sound ale. 11. Pepper ^ oz., oil of turpentine 3 oz., laudanum 1 oz., ale pint. — Blaine. 12. Pepper a teaspoonful, juice of 2 or 3 large onions, gin of a pint. — Blaine. 13. Laudanum 1 oz., sweet spirit of nitre 4 oz., oil of juniper 1 oz., tincture of benzoin 2 oz., spirit of sal volatile 1^ oz., oil of peppermint 1 dr. ; mix ; give a fourth part in warm water or gruel, and repeat in 3 or 4 hours, if necessary. — Hinds. 14. Pleat 4 lb. of common salt, and quench it in a quart of good ale. Give it new-milk warm. — Downing. 15. In flatulent colic, when there is an evident dis- tention of the abdomen with gas : chloride of lime ^ oz. (or solution of chlorinated soda I oz.), water 1 quart; repeat in half an hour if necessary. 16. Ginger, caraway, nutmeg, pimento, of each 1 oz., bruise, and boil them in f of a pint of ale for a few minutes, and add a gill of any spirits. — Taplin. Cordial Antispasmodic Drink, for Spasm of the Diaphragm. Ginger 1 dr., caraway 2 dr., laudanum 1 oz., sweet spirit of nitre 1 oz., warm ale ^ pint. — Clateb. Antispasmodic Drench for Suppression of Urine. Nitre 1 oz., camphor 2 dr., linseed tea I pint White. Antispasmodic Drenches for Locked’ Jaw, 1. Opium 1^ dr., camphor 2 dr., ginger 3 dr., brandy-and-water 8 oz. — White. 2. Ether 4 oz., tincture of opium 2 oz., camphor 1 dr., peppermint water ^ pint. COBDIAL and stimulant drenches. These are used in the same cases as the cordial balls, but are preferred where a more quick and powerful operation is required. G 2 C6 MEDICINES FOE nOESES. Some of them are used in indigestion and slight attacks of colic. 1. Cloves and black pepper (bruised) ^ oz., boiling water a quart; infuse and give warm. — Moiroud. 2. Any of the cordial balls may be dissolved in warm ale or water, or peppermint water, and given as a drench. 3. A bottle of wine, 1 oz. of extract of juniper-berries, and j oz. of cinnamon in powder. — M. Leb.v8. 4. Peppermint 2 oz., chamomiles ^ oz. ; infuse in 2^ 2)ints of water, and give it before it is cold; in slight colic and indigestion. PECTORAL AND EMOLLIENT (or DEMULCENT) DRENCHES, for Coughs, Epidemics, Catarrh, &c. (For linseed tea, compound infusion of linseed, barley water, &c., see Drinks, above.) 1. Simple Emulsion. Olive oil 2 oz., honey 3 oz., soft water 1 pint, subcarbouate of potash 2 dr. ; mix. — White. 2. Linseed tea 1 pint, honey 2 oz., syrup of poppies 2 oz., linseed oil 4 oz. 3. B. Clark’s Cough Drench. Linseed oil 2 oz., liquor of potash 40 drops, treacle 1 oz., soft water 10 oz. mix. 4. Powdered gum 2 oz., warm water a quart; dissolve, and add honey 4 oz. — Moiroud. 5. Marshmallow root 2 oz., water 2^ or 3 pints; boil to a quart, and add 4 oz. of treacle. — Moiroud. 0. I.iquorice and marshmallow roots of each 2 oz., water a quart; boil, strain, and add honey 4 oz. — Lebas. 7. Marshmallow root 2 oz., poppy heads 4, water a quart; boil for 10 minutes, strain, and add to the liquor before quite cold, 4 oz. olive oil, (5 oz. of honey, and the yolks of 4 eggs, previously well beaten together. — Moiroud. 8. Compound decoction of linseed (page 02) 1 quart, oxymel 3 ounces. !). Spermaceti J oz., olive oil 3 oz. ; melt together, and add of honey 4 oz., water (by little at a time) to make up a quart; repeat it twuce a day. — Lebas. DEENCHES. 67 10. Camphorated Emulsion. Powder, with n few drops of spirit, 1 or 2 dr. of camphor, add 12 drops of oil of aniseed, and 12 oz. of simjde emulsion. — White. 1 1. Oxymel of squills 2 oz., opium ^ dr. to 1 dr., lin- seed oil 2 oz. ; mix the opium with 8 oz. of water, and add the others; for one dose. — White. 12. For chronic coughs: Tar-water ^ pint, lime-water ^ pint, powdered squill 1 dr.; every morning. — Blaine. 13. In inflammation of the lungs, or catai’rhal fever: Tartarized antimony 2 dr., digitalis 1|^ dr., nitre 3 dr., simple oxymel 4 oz., compound decoction of linseed 8 oz. — Blaine. 14. The same, omitting the digitalis, and substituting 6 oz. of warm water for the dec. linseed. In influenza, when soreness of throat prevents swallowing balls. — Blaine. , 15. In inflammation of the lungs: Ipecacuanha 2 dr., laudanum 4 dr., powdered camphor 2 dr., Mindererus’ spirit 4 oz., linseed tea ^ pint. — Blaine. 1(1. In pleurisy: Boil pearl barley, split figs, and raisins each 6 oz., and liquorice root 2 oz., in 4 quarts of water to 3; strain, and add honey 1 fb, vinegar 1 pint; give 1 oz. nitre in a pint of this decoction every 6 hours. — Taplin. ]7. In epidemic (epizootic) catarrh: Spirit of nitrous aether 1 oz., Mindererus’ spirit 0 oz., with linseed tea Blaine. 18. Gibson’s Drink for Catarrhal Epidemic. Coiib- foot, hyssop, chamomile, of each a handful, linseed and garlic, each 1 oz., liquorice root sliced 1 oz., saffVon ^ oz.; infuse in 2 quarts of boiling water; give lialf in the morning, the rest in the afternoon. 19. In Influenza (after bleeding). Oil of croton 5 drops, nitre 4 to 0 dr., tartarized antimony 1 dr., spirit of nitric aether ^ oz. to 1 oz., solution of acetate of ammonia 2 to 4 oz., warm water q. s. Once or twice daily. Some- times 4 oz. of cream of tartar is added. — Spoonek. BIUBETIC DEENCHES, for Dropsical Complaints, &c. The use of stimulating diuretics in retention of urine 68 MEDICINES FOE HOE8E8. from inflammation of the neck of the bladder is dan- gerous. 1. Markham s Dropsy Drench, Decoction of worm- wood in ale 2 quarts, soap 1 oz., grains of paradise 6 dr., long pepper 6 dr., treacle 3 oz.-; for one dose, fasting. 2. For dropsy of the belly: Castile soap 2 oz., strong beer 1 pint; dissolve, and add cascarilla 2 dr., ginger 3 dr., oil of juniper 2 dr. (or balsam copaivi 1 oz.) ; mix: for 1 dose.— White. 3. White soap 1 oz., spirit of turpentine 1 oz., honey 4 oz.; decoction of linseed 2 quarts; for 2 doses. — Moi- ROUD. 4. Strained turpentine 2 oz., yolks of 6 eggs ; triturate together till incorporated, and add gradually 2 quarts of linseed tea; for 2 doses. — Moiroud. . 5. White wine and water 4 quarts, nitre 3 oz., honey 4 oz. ; for 3 doses. — Leras. 6. Acetate of potash 2 or 3 oz., honey 6 oz., decoction of hemp or linseed 2 quarts; for 1 dose.— Moiroud. 7. Acetate of potash 2 oz., camphor (rubbed with yolks of 2 eggs) 2 dr., decoction of linseed 2 quarts ; for 2 doses, at an interval of some hours ; in irritation of the urinary passages, especially arising from cantharides or resinous irritants. — Moiroud. 8. Squill Drench. Decoction of pellitory of the wall 1 quart, oxymel of squills 4 oz. — Moiroud. 9. Colchicum Drench. Colchicum wine 2 oz., simple oxymel 4 oz., barley-water 1 quart. 10. Sweet spirit of nitre 4 oz., white wine 1 quart, water 2 quarts ; for 3 doses ; in dysuria not arising from mechanical obstruction or inflammation of the neck of the bladder. — Leras. 11. Saline Diuretic Drink. Glauber salt 2 oz., nitre 6 dr., warm water 1 pint, sweet spirit of nitre 1 dr. — Clark. DRENCHES FOR FARCY AND GLANDERS. 1 . Expressed juice of cleavers 6 oz., strong decoction of hempseed 6 oz., essence of spruce 6 oz. ; mix ; give every evening; and a mercurial or arsenical ball in the morning. — Blaine. See Farcy Balls. k DEENCUES. 69 2. For Glanders. Sulphate of copper 3 to C dr., gum Arabic 2 or 3 oz., dissolved in 2 or 3 pints of water. — Sewell. FEVER DRENCH. Nitre 2 dr., tartar-emetic ^ dr., warm water or thin gruel 12 oz.; once or twice a day. — B. Claiik. LAXATIVE AND PURGATIVE DRENCHES. 1. Castor oil C oz., Uuseed oil 8 oz., gruel q. s. — Blaine. 2. Glaither’s or Epsom salts 6 or 8 oz., whey or gruel 1 quart, castor oil 0 or 8 oz. — White. 3. Barbadoes aloes 2 dr., tartarized antimony 1 dr., warm water 4 oz. ; mix, and add castor oil 4 oz. — White. 4. Laxative Fehriftaje in Influenza. Linseed oil 12 oz., nitre 3 dr., camphor pow'lered 1 dr., sweet spirit of nitre 1 oz., warm water | pint. — Cl.ateb. 5. Laxative Anodyne Drink In inflammation of the bowels: Linseed oil 1 pint, opium 2 scruples, sweet spirit of nitre 0 dr., warm water 4 oz. — Clateb. 0. Aloes 2 or 3 dr., salt tartar 1 dr., water or mint water ^ pint; mix, and add castor oil 4 to 6 oz. — White. 7. A Cooling Purging Drink. Infuse 2 oz. senna with 3 dr. salt of tartar in a quart of boiling water for 2 hours; strain, and add 4 oz. Glauber’s salts, and 2 or 3 dr. of cream of tartar. — Bartlet. STRONGER PURGATIVE DRENCPIES. 1. B. aloes 2 oz., gum Arabic 1 oz.; powder and mix them, and pour on them a pint of boiling water. Take 10 gr. of farina of croton, and add to it gradually 4 oz. of the above solution. Repeat this dose every 0 hours till it operates ; in inflammation of the brain. — Clateb. 2. .Hoes 1 oz., soap 2 dr., salt tartar 1 dr., water 1 pint: in apoplexy or staggers. — White. 3. Infuse 1 oz. of senna in a quart of boiling water, strain, and add 1 oz. of aloes in powder. — Bourgelat. 4. Aloes 1 oz., snlphate of magnesia 2 oz., aniseed powder ^ oz., water a quart. — Lebas. 70 ! . MEDICINES FOE HOESE8. ^ 5. Aloes 1 oz., syrup of buckthorn 4 oz., warm water a quart. — Lebas. DEENCHES FOR STOMACH STAGGERS, or Staggers from Indigestion. 1. After a ball of aloes and calomel, and glyster of salt water Spirit of sal volatile ^ oz., cascarilla powder 2 dr., warm water i pint; twice a day; and the same without tli6 cjiscftrillft cv6ry liour.— White. 2. Aloes 3 dr., pimento 2 dr., ginger 1 dr., infuse in a quart of hot water, and when cool, add 2 oz. spirit of tur- pentine, and 1 oz. of spirit of hartshorn. Repeat in an hour if required. — Blaine. Z. Laxative Tonic Drinks. Linseed oil 1 pint, pow- dered gentian 2 dr. ; every 6 hours till the bowels are pro- perly opened. — Clater. 4. Common salt 4 oz., ginger 2 dr., magnesia 1 oz., warm water 1 quart. — White. 5. Valerian 1 oz., serpentary ^ oz., saffron 2 dr.; infuse in a pint of boiling water, and when nearly cool, strain off, and add 1 oz. tincture of assafoetida and 2 dr of laudanum. — Taplin. 6. AJler a purgative. Volatile tincture of valerian 1 oz., powdered valerian oz., peppermint water 8 oz. ; mix, for a dose. — White. TONIC DRENCHES. Tonics are more generally admi- nistered in the form of balls. 1. Mild Tonic in latter stage of epidemic catarrh or distemper. Gentian I dr., powdered ginger \ dr., casca- rilla 1 dr., warm water ^ pint, sweet spirit of nitre 4 oz. to oz. ; to be repeated night and morning unless they quicken the pulse. — Clater. 2. Gentian root 2 oz., smaller centaury I oz., worm- wood 4 oz.; boil in 3 pints of water to a quart. M Vatel. 3. Clark’s Bitter Drench. Quassia chips 2 oz., water 3 pints ; boil to 2 pints : for 3 doses. 4. Quassia I oz., ginger 2 dr., water 2 pints ; boil for 10 minutes; for 2 doses. » DEENCHES. 71 5. Metallic Tonic, Sulphate of ziuc ^ dr., ginger or pimento 1 dr., treacle 1 oz. ; mix, and add gradually 12 oz. warm water. — B. Clark. 6* Egyptian Tonic Drink. In farcy and nasal gleet. jEgyptiacum ^ oz., pimento or ginger ^ dr., warm water 12 oz. — Clark. 7. Cantharides Tonic Drench {ioTihe seme). Sulphate of ziuc 15 gr., cantharides 7 gr., pimento 15 gr., treacle 1 oz., warm water to form a drench. DEOBSTEUENT DRENCHES. 1. Guaiacum wood 2 oz., sassafras 1 oz., linseed i oz., water q. s. to yield a quart of decoction ; boil, strain, and add of corrosive sublimate 10 gr., sal. ammoniac 2 dr. — Lebas. 2. Iodide of potassium 40 gr., iodine 10 gr., water a quart — Moirood. 3. Muriate of lime 2 oz., water a quart. — Moirood. WORM DRENCHES. 1. Common salt 2 oz., infusion of wormwood a quart. Repeat it for some days. — Moirood. 2. A quart of linseed oil. — Clater. 3. Oil of turpentine 4 oz., linseed or castor oil 8 oz., gruel a pint ; preceded by a mild dose of aloes, and bran mashes. 4. Fern root 2 oz., valerian 1 oz., Dippel’s animal oil (empyreumatic oil of hartshorn) 1 oz., yolks of 2 eggs, honey 2 oz. ; boil the roots in 2 pints of water to half, in- corporate the oil with the egg, and then the honey, and mix the whole with the decoction. — Vatel. 5. Animal oil 1 oz., yolks of 2 eggs, honey 1 oz., water or some bitter infusion a quart. Chabert recommends infusion of savory as a vehicle for the oil. — Lebas. 6. Soot (wood-soot?) in fine powder 2 oz., spirit of wine 2 oz. ; mix, and add a quart of infusion of rue, or of tansy. Some practitioners prefer milk as a vehicle for worm medicines. — Moiroud. For other worm remedies, see Worm Balls. 72 MEDICINES FOE HOBSES. DRENCHES for tbe MALIGNANT EPIDEMIC, or DIS- TEAIPER — Pestilential or Putrid Fever. 1. Gentian I dr., calumbo 2 dr., ginger 1 dr,, laudanum ^ oz., spirit nitrous aether ^ oz., peppermint water .‘1 oz. — • Clater. 2. Gentian 2 oz., willow bark 6 oz., water 3 pints ; boil to a quart, and add solution of acetate of ammonia 6 oz. — Moiroud. 3. Dissolve ^ dr. of chloride of lime in 8 oz. water, and add spirit nitric aether \ oz., laudanum 4 oz-, tincture calumbo 1 oz. ; twice a day. — Clater. 4. Bruised bark 3 oz., acetate of ammonia 4 oz., cam- phor 1 dr. ; boil the bark in 2 quarts of water in a covered vessel for a quarter of an hour; strain, and when cool, add the camphor (rubbed with yolk of egg or honey), and the acetate of ammonia. — Leras. 5. Spirit of nitric aether 1 oz., Mindererus’ spirit 4 oz., infusion of chamomile G oz., beer yeast G oz., tincture of opium 3 dr. — Blaine. See also Antiseptic Drenches, (below.) ANTISEPTIC DRENCHES, to check Mortification. 1. Peruvian bark 1 oz., ginger 2 dr., opium I dr., fresh beer q. s. — White. 2. Opium 1 dr., carbonate' of ammonia 1 dr., aromatic powder 2 dr., camphor dr., good ale or porter a pint. 3. Chloride of lime or soda 2 to 3 dr., serpentary in powder 1 oz., fresh beer or sweet wort 1 quart. — White. DRENCH FOR POISONING BY YEW. Stronger pur- gative drink (No. 1)4 oz., vinegar 4 oz., thick gruel 4 oz.; repeat it every G hours, without the croton, till purging is produced.— Clater. DRENCH FOR PREVENTING HYDROPHOBIA. Box leaves 8 oz., rue 8 oz. ; cut them very fine and boil in 3 pints of milk, in a close vessel, for an hour, and strain ; boil the ingredients another hour in 3 pints of water, and strain ; mix the decoctions ; give a third part every morning fasting. — Blaine. TINCTUEES. — SOLUTIONS. 73 DKENCHES TO PROMOTE PARTURITION. 1. Ergot of rye in fine powder 2 or 3 dr., pennyroyal water, or infusion of rue 1 quart. 2. Saffron G dr., chamomiles 2 oz., boiling water a quart; make an infusion, to be given warm. 1 oz. of dried savin, with 1 oz. of cassia, maybe substituted for the saffron Moiroud. IODINE DRENCH. Iodide of potassium 2 scruples, iodine 12 gr. ; triturate together, and add gradually a quart of water. — Moiroud. MISCELLANEOUS LIQUID MEDICINES. TINCTURES, SOLUTIONS, &c. Solution of Aloes. Aloes I part, water 7 parts, proof sjdrit 1 part; dissolve the aloes in water by means of a water bath, and when removed, add the spirit. — Morton. Anodyne Carminative Tincture. Opium 1 oz., cloves 2 oz., ginger, 2 oz., old brandy (or rum, or gin) 1 quart ; digest in a corked bottle, shaking daily. Last edition says 1 oz. of cloves and ginger. — White. Ethereal Tincture of Opium. Turkey opium 1 lb, spirit of nitric ether 8 ft; macerate for a month. Dose, 4 oz. to 1 oz., in spasmodic colic. — Mr. Dickins. Gripe Tincture. Tincture of Pimento. Ground pimento ] ft, rectified spirit, and soft water, of each 3 pints; digest for some days and strain: give 4 fluid oz. at once, and repeat every hour till relieved. — Mr. B. Clark. Tincture of Fox-ylove. Digest 3 oz. of dried fox- glove in a quart of any spirit. — Youatt. Infusion of Fox-glove. Infuse 1 oz. of powdered fox-glove in a quart of boiling water till cold. — Youatt. Tincture of Myrrh. Myrrh 2 oz., sand 2 oz., rectified spirit and soft water, of each ^ pint. — -B. Clark. Tincture of Aloes and Myrrh. Aloes 12 oz., myrrh 0 oz., rectified spirit 1 gallon, water i gallon ; digest 14 days, freiiuently shaking, and filter. For outward use, rectified wood naphtha may he substituted for the spirit. — V. C. H 74 MEDICINES FOE IIOESES. Tincture for Colic. Opium 1 dr., liorseradi.';li 2 oz., capsi- cum 1 oz., spirit of uiliie osiher 1 ft ; macerate 14 days ; dose 1 oz., with 2 oz. of spirit of nitric aether every 2 hours, as long as necessary. — Guegory. Tincture of Croton. Bruised croton seeds 1 oz. ; rectified spirit lU oz. Digest for 7 days, and filter. Dose, ^ oz. to 1 oz., in water. Tincture of Iodine. Iodine 1 part, rectified spirit 8 parts; dose 1 to 2 dr. — V. C. But the following is preferable: — Compound Tincture of Iodine. Iodine 1 oz., iodide of po- tassium 2 oz., spirit of wine 12 oz. Solution of Chloride of Lime. I. Chloride of lime 1 dr., water 8 oz. ; mix in a mortar, and filter. — Cl.vter. 2. Chloride of lime 1 part, water 10 parts. — Cheval- EiER. Chloride of lime 1 part, water 48 parts. — Labar- RAQDE. See Lotions, page 85. Solution of Nitre. Nitre 1 part, water 7 parts. — V. C. Solution of Ammonia — Sulphate of Copper. — Dissolve 1 part of sulphate of copper in 4 parts of water, and add ammonia until it begins to precipitate. 4 ounces every 8 hours as a tonic. — Mr. Jeckyll. Solution of Henbane. — Extract of henbane 4 dr., spirit of nitric ether 4 oz. Antispasmodic ; dose, 2 oz., with or without solution of Aloes. — Wright. For Solutions and Tinctures for outward use, see Ex- ternal Applic.vtions, further on. GLYSTEES. Laxative. 1. Aloes 1 oz., water 2 or 3 quarts. — Youatt. 2. Water gruel 1 gallon, olive oil a pint. — White. 3. Epsom salts 6 oz. (or common salt 0 oz., or soap 2 oz.), thin gruel or broth 5 quarts. — Blaine. 4. Soft soap 2 oz., warm water ^ of a pailful. — B. Clark. 5. Infuse 3 oz. senua in 2 quarts of water, and add Epsom salts 4 oz., honey (3 oz. — Moiroud. G. Chamomiles, fennel seed, coriander seed, of each 1 oz., caraways ^ oz.; boil in 2 quarts of water to 3 pints; strain, add 2 oz. Epsom salts, and when nearly GLYSTEES, 75 cool, ^ pint of olive oil ami ^ pint of tincture of senna. — Taplin. PimjaLlve. 1. Aloes 8 to 12 dr., salt 8 oz., water 1 gallon: in staggers White. 2. Senna 2 oz., tobacco 2 oz; boil for a quarter of an hour in 2 quarts of water, strain, and add common salt 4 oz., emetic tartar 1 dr.; for 2 doses. Very irrilating. — Lebas. Emollient. Dried mallow leaves, or marshmallow root 1 ^ oz., linseed ^ oz., water 2 quarts ; boil and strain : to be used warm. — Moirood. Emollient and Anodyne. 2. Mix 0 dr. of starch in powder, with a little cold water, and add it to a decoction of 0 poppy heads in 2 quarts of water; boil for an instant and strain: in intestinal irritation. — Moiroud. 2. Gruel 2 pints, liquid starch or arrowroot 1 pint, powdered opium 1 dr. to 1^ dr.— White. 3. Boil U poppy heads in 4 quarts of water till reduced to 2 quarts; add prepared chalk 2 oz,, boiled starch 2 quarts : once or twice a day in diarrhoea. — Blaine. 4. A double handful of coarse bran, 6 poppy-heads, 2 quarts of water; boil and strain. — Moiroud. 5. Tripe liquor (or suet boiled in milk) 3 pints, thin starch a quart, laudanum § oz. : in diarrhoea. Cvoliny. Butter-milk or whey, barley-water, of each a quart. — Moiroud. Carminative and Stimulant. 1. Chamomiles 3 oz., aniseed or feunel seed 1§ oz., poppy-heads No. 4; boil the pop- pies in sufficient water, and infuse the flowers and seeds in the hot decoction. — M. Vatel. 2. To expel wind. Boil 1 tb of figs in 3 quarts of W'ater for half an hour, then add 2 handfuls of chopped rue; boil a few minutes, strain, and add 8 oz. of olive oil. SoLLEYSELL. For Gripes. Mash 2 onions, pour over them 2 oz. of oil of turpentine and 4 quarts of thin gruel. — Blaine. Aslrinyent. Alum whey 1 quart, thin starch a quart. Vermifuge. 1. For thread worms. Powdered aloes ^ oz., powdered gum Arabic f oz. ; mix with half pint of boiling water; then mix the white of an egg with a quart of 76 MEDICINES FOE IIOKSES. linseed oil, and gradually add the solution of aloes. — Clater. 2. Infuse 4 oz. of tansy in 2 quarts of water; strain and add 2 oz. of animal oil (empyreumatic oil of liarts- liorn); also tlie worm drenches Nos. 4 and 0 may be used in this method. — Moiroud. Vlcrine Stimidaiils. 1. Infuse a handful of rue in 2 quarts of water, and add 2 oz. of common salt. 2. Savine 2 oz., sal ammoniac 4 dr.: as the last. Diuretic. 1. Nitre I oz., decoction of linseed 3 pints. 2. Camphorated. Incorporate 4 dr. of camphor with the yolks of 2 eggs, and add it to the last. — Moirodd. For Irritable Bladder. 1. Belladonna leaves 3 oz., water 3 pints; boil, and administer warm. — Moiroud. 2. Extract belladonna ^ oz., boiling water I|- pint. Nourishing. 1. Thick grnel 3 quarts, ale 1 quart. — Blaine. 2. Milk 2 quai'ts, yolks of 4 eggs ; mix, and give warm. — Bourgelat. 3. Strong broth 2 quarts, thickened milk 2 quarts. — Blaine. 4. Tripe liquor or broth 3 quarts, flour 4 oz. ; mix the flour in the hot broth; repeat frequently. — Moiroud. ^)itcntal HppltcattoniS. LINIMENTS AND EMBEOCATIONS. BLISTERING LINIMENTS, OR LIQUID BLISTERS AND SWE.4TING OILS. 1. Powdered Spanish flies 1 oz., spirit of wine G oz., water of ammonia 2 oz.; let it stand for a week, shaking it frequently, and strain. (See No. 1 1.) — White. 2. Flies 1 oz., euphorbium i oz., oil of turpentine 4 oz.; digest for 2 or 3 days, and pour off the liquid ; digest the flies &c. in 4 oz. of spirit of wine and 2 oz. of water of ammonia for 3 or 4 days, shaking frequently; strain off this liquid, and mix it with the former. This is more active than the last. — White. LINIMENTS AND EMBEOCATIONS. 77 3. Blaine’s Liquid Blister. Spanish flies, coarsely powdered, 8 oz., oil of turpeiuine 2 quarts; steep for 3 weeks, strain, and add a quart of olive oil. 4. Blaine’s Milder or Sweating Liquid. Mix 4 oz. of the last with (j oz. of oil. 0. Clatee’s Strung Liquid Blister. Spirits of turpen- tine, coloured with alkanet, 1 gallon, powdered flies I Iti; macerate for a month, shaking daily, then pour oil' the clear fluid for use. C. Common, or Sweating Liquid. Mix the last with equal parts of spermaceti oil. 7. Powdered flies 2 oz., spirit of turpentine a pint; digest for a few days. — Youatt. 8. Blistering Liniment fur immediate use. Spanish flies in tine powder 1 oz., oil of turpentine (1 oz. To be rubbed on the belly in inflammation of the bowels. — White. 9. Croton Liniment. A tincture of croton nuts with oil of turpentine is used as a blister, but is not so eflica- cious as cantharides. — Mr. Youatt. 10. White’s Mustard Blister. Best flour of mustard 8 oz., water enough to form a paste, oil of turpentine 2 oz., water of ammonia 1 oz. 1 L Blistering Tincture. Flies 1 oz., proof spirit 8 oz.; macerate 2 or 3 weeks; mix, and filter. To be rubbed in, and repeated next day if necessary. — White. 12. Saturated tincture of cantharides 1 oz., bichloride of mercury 0 grains. — Kent. 13. Powdered cantharides 1 dr., olive oil 2 oz. To be applied every 48 hours for a week, in old spavin. — Taplin, ' 14. Oil of Cantharides (by infusion). Digest 1 part of powdered cantharides in 8 oz. of olive oil, in a water- bath, for two hours, and strain. 15. Cantharidal Solution (for setons"). Digest 1 part of p. flies with 8 of oil of turpentine, with a gentle heat, for 14 days ; strain, and add to the clear liquid an equal weight of Canada balsam. Soak the cotton cord in t,he solution, draw it between the finger and thumb, and dry it. — Mokton. II 2 78 MEDICINES FOE HOESES. STIMULATING LINIMENTS. 1. Soft soap 4 oz., campbor 1 oz., proof spirit 2 pints, water of ammonia ^ pint. — V. C. 2. Sweet oil 2 oz., spirit of Lartsborn 1 oz., oil of tur- pentine ^ oz. — White. 3. Common oil 0 oz., liquid blister 2 or 3 oz.: in chronic sprains. — Blaine. 4. Soap Liniment. Soft soap 4 oz., water 8 oz.; dis- solve, and add 1 pint of rectified spirit, in which is dis- solved 2 oz. camphor, 1 oz. oil of rosemary, and 2 to 4 oz. strong water of ammonia. — White. 5. For splints: Oil of origanum 1 oz., oil of turpen- tine 1 oz., spirit of wine ^ oz. To be applied night and morning for a few days, discontinuing it as often as any moisture appears. — Lancet. 0. For the same purpose: Oil of origanum ^ oz., oil of turpentine \ oz., camphorated spirit of wine 2 oz. — Tai'lin. 7. For sprains, old swellings, rheumatism, &c. : Spirit of hartshorn 2 oz., camphorated spirit 2 oz., oil of tur- pentine 1 oz., laudanum ^ oz., oil of origanum 1 dr. 8. Camphorated oil 4 oz., oil of turpentine 1 oz., oil of origanum 1 dr. 9. For callous swellings after bruises: Soap liniment 4 oz., camphor 2 dr., water of ammonia 1 oz. 10. For indolent tumours: Mercurial ointment 2 oz., olive oil 2 dr., camphor 2 dr. 11. Olive oil 4 oz., water of ammonia 2 oz., oil of tur- pentine 2 oz. 12. For strains: Barbadoes tar 2 oz., spirit of turpen- tine 2 oz., opodeldoc 4 oz. — Taplin. 13. Oil of turpentine 2 parts, muriatic acid 1 part. — Pott. 14. Camphorated oil 4 parts, oil of turpentine and tincture of cantharides, of each 2 parts, acetic acid 1 oz. — Lehas. 13. Turpentine Liniment. Equal parts of oil of tur- pentiiie and olive oil. Digestive and rubefacient. — V. C. 10. Compound Turpentine Liniment. Soft soap 4 oz., camphor 1 oz., oil of turpentine 10 oz. ; mix. — V. C. LINIMENTS AND EMBROCATIONS. 79 LINIMENT FOR BOG SPAVIN. Mercurial ointment 2 oz., oil of cantbarides 4 dr. — Mokton. LINIMENT FOR SORE BACKS. Extract of lead i oz., ■vinegar 1 oz., olive oil 2 oz. — White. LINIMENTS FOR ITCHING HUMOURS, MANGE, LICE, &c. 1. Equal parts of oil of tar, oil of turpentine, and seal oil. Apply every second day for 2 or 3 times, tlieu wash. —V. C. 2. Sulphur 4 oz., turpentine 4 oz., oil of tar and train oil 0 or 8 oz. The parts to be first washed with soft soap and dried. ■3. For lice: Sublimate 1 dr., muriatic acid 3 dr., to- bacco water 2 pints, oil of turpentine 4 oz. — White. 4. Liniment J'or Mange. Goulard’s extract of lead 2 oz., olive or rape oil 2 oz., sulphur 1 oz, LINIMENTS FOR CANKER OF THE FOOT AND BAD THRUSHES. See also Caustics and Lotions. 1. Barbadoes tar 1 oz., oil of turpentine l ^ oz. ; mix carefully, and add oil of vitriol 1 dr. — White. 2. Butter of antimony alone. 3. Crystallized verdigris in fine powder 1 oz., honey 2 oz.,bole and alum, of each | oz., vinegar to form a lini- ment; to be mixed over a gentle fire. Greasy applications are to be avoided. — White. See also Deteboent Liniments. DETERGENT LINIMENTS. 1. Oil of turpentine 1 oz., oil of vitriol 2 dr. by measure; mix in a large gallipot, and when cool, add 2 oz. of linseed oil. — White. 2. Mgy-pliacum. Bruised sulphate of copper 12 oz., vinegar 4Ib, treacle 3 tb : place over a clear fire, and let it boil up. — B. Clark. 80 MISCELLANEOUS LINIMENTS AND MIXED OILS. (See also Embrocations.) Creasote Liniment. CreasoLe 2 oz., oil of tiirpentiue 4 oz., olive oil 4 oz. ; mix: iu fistulous sores, unbealtby wounds, &c _V. C. Oil of Cantharides. Powdered flies 1 oz., olive oil 8 oz. ; digest in a water-batb for 2 or 3 hours, and filter. — V. C. Goulard Liniment. Extract of lead 1 oz., olive oil 4 oz. — Morton. For excoriated surfaces, &c. Saturnine Balsam. Acetate of lead 1 oz., oil of turpentine 2 oz.; digest with a gentle beat. — Moiroud. LJeijiny Liniment. Linseed oil and spirit of wine of eacb equal parts. — Solleysell. Marshmallow Liniment. Olive oil and marshmallow oint- ment, of eacb 4 oz.; melt the ointment, and add the oil. — Bourgeeat. Emollient and Anodyne Liniment. Neatsfoot oil 4 oz., poplar ointment, marshmallow ointment, of each 2 oz. — Moiroud. Lime-water Liniment. Lime water 8 oz., olive or linseed oil 2 oz. Narcotic Liniment. Olive oil 4 oz., laudanum 2 oz. — Moiroud. lAniment for Confirmed Grease. Verdigris, sugar of lead, of each \ oz., honey 1 oz.; mix. — Clater. Compound Iodine Liniment. Iodine 1 oz., soap liniment 8 oz.— V. C. Turpentine Liniment. Equal parts of turpentiue and olive oil,_v. C. Besolvent Liniment. Olive oil 2 oz., strong mercurial oint- ment 2 dr., water of ammonia 2 dr. Black Oils. Olive (or rape) oil 1 pint, oil of turpentine 2 oz. ; mix, and add gradually 0 dr. of sulphuric acid; leave the bottle open till cold. — Percivall. Oils for Manye. Oil of turpentine 1 pint; add to it very gradually and cautiously 2 oz. of oil of vitriol, stirring the mixture constantly, then add a quart of linseed oil; from EMBEOCATIONS. 81 4 to 8 oz. to be rubbed in with a brush every second day, for 3 or 4 times. — Clater. ■Ward’s niritc Oils. — Spirit of wine, oil of turpentine, rape oil, beef brine, camphor, of each equal parts. While Oils, or E(j(j Oils. 1. Yolks of 2 eggs, 3 oz. solu- tion of ammonia, 1 oz. oil of origanum, 4 oz. oil ot tur- pentine, a pint of vinegar; mix, s. a. — Pharmaceutical Journal. 2. Distilled vinegar 1^ pint, oil of turpentine H dr., spirit of wine H oz., Goul.ird’s extract of lead ^ oz., whites and yolks of 2 eggs; mix the turpentine and Goulard with the eggs, gradually add the vinegar, and lastly the spirit.— Eedwood’s Gray’s Supplement. Liniment of Ammonia. This is sometimes termed White Oils. Olive or rape oil 4 oz., water of ammonia 1 oz. Sometimes 1 oz. of oil of turpentine is added, to increase its activity. Barhy's Oils. Equal parts oil of amber, Barbadoes tar, and balsam of sulphur. Marshall’s Oils Linseed oil 1 lb, olive or rape oil 1 lb, green oil ^ th, oil of turpentine | ft, oil of vitriol IJ dr. Lewmarket Oils. Linseed oil, oil of turpentine, green oil, of each 3 lb, oil of vitriol 1 oz. Nine Oils. Train oil 23 ft, oil of turpentine 6 ft, oil of bricks 1 ft, oil of amber 1 lb, spirit of camphor 2 ft, Bar- badoes tar 7 ft, oil of vitriol 2 oz.— Gray’s Supplement. Eadley’s Oils. Barbadoes tar 8 oz., linseed 4 oz., oil of turpentine, 4 oz. Lord Stamford’s Mixed Oils. Oil of origanum 6 oz., oil of turpentine 24 oz., spirit of wine 10 oz., green oil 0 ft, camphor 3 oz. EMBEOCATIONS, VAEIOUS. (See also Liniments & Lotions.) Embrocation for Strains. 1. Soft soap 1 oz., spirit of wine 4 oz., oil of rosemary 2 dr., camphor 2 dr. 2. For strains in the shoulder; oil of turpentine 1 oz , camphorated spirit 2 oz. — Blacker. 82 MEDICINES FOE HOESES. 3. Equal quantities of soft soap, oil of turpentine, spirit of wiue, and elder ointment. — White. 4. Soft soap 2 oz., oil of bays 1 oz., water of ammonia 14 oz., oil of origanum oz. 5. Barbadoes tar 2 oz., spirit of turpentine 2 oz., opo- deldoc 4 oz. After fomenting with hot vinegar and Goulard., — T.vplin. M ustard Embrocations. 1. Mustard flour 4 oz., water of ammonia oz., oil of turpentine 1 oz., water enough to bring it to the consistence of cream. 2. Camphor 1 oz., oil of turpentine 2 oz., water of am- monia 2 oz., flour of mustard 8 oz., water to form a thin paste. — White. Embrocation for Poll Evil. Spirit of wine ^ pint, camphor 2 dr., Goulard’s extract of lead 1 dr.; mix. — Hinds. See Discutient Lotions. Embrocation for Saddle Galls, or Warbles. 1. Goulard’s extract of lead 2 dr., distilled vinegar 3 oz., spirit of wine 4 oz. — White. 2. Soap liniment and Miudererus’ spirit, equal parts. 3. Sal ammoniac ^ oz., muriatic acid 2 dr., water 8 to 12 oz. 4. White vinegar 3 oz., spirit of wine 3 oz., sugar of lead 2 dr., water 0 oz. ; mix. — Hinds. Clauk’s Embrocatio Erigorifcra. Vinegar 4 oz., camphor (dissolved in spirit) 5 oz , water to fill up a wiue bottle. Cl.viik’s Embrocatio Excitans. Olive oil 3 oz., camphor ^ dr,, spirit of turpentine § oz., water of ammonia 3 dr. Taplin’s Embrocation for Windgalls. Oil of origanum, spirit of turpentine, of each ^ oz., camphorated spirit 1 oz. Applied with tow, and covered with a piece of lead bound on. LOTIONS OE WASHES. COOLING LOTIONS, for external inflammation. 1. Sal ammoniac 1 oz., nitre 2 oz., water 10 oz. To be used as soon as made. — Morton. 2. Goulard’s extract of lead 1 oz., vinegar 2 oz., cam. jiliorated spirit 3 oz., water 10 oz. ; for recent spavin. — Tapein. 4 LOTIONS OK WASHES. 83 3. V. C. Goulard Water. Goulard’s extract 2 dr., spirit 2 dr., soft water 1 pint. 4. White's Saturnine Lotion. Sugar of lead 1 oz., vinegar and water I pint. 5. B. Clark’s Lotio Befrigerans, Liquor of diacetate of lead 1 dr., spirit of nitric ether I dr., water 2 pints. In slight rubs and bruises. DISCUTIENT LOTIONS, for dispersing indolent tumours and saddle-galls, and for chronic strains, &c. 1. Mindererus’ spirit 4 oz., camphorated spirit 4 oz., water 10 oz. — Percivall. 2. Sal ammoniac I oz., vinegar 8 oz., camphorated spirit 1 oz. — Morton. 3. For saddle-galls and warbles: Goulard’s extract 2 dr., distilled vinegar 3 oz., spirit of wine 4 oz. — White. 4. Muriate of ammonia 5 oz., muriatic acid 2 dr., water 8 to 12 oz. ; for saddle-galls and wind-galls. — White. .5. Saline Embrocation. Sal ammoniac 8 oz., vinegar 3 pints. 0. Mindererus’ spirit 2 oz., soap liniment 2oz. — White. 7. For Warbles: White vinegar 3 oz., spirit of wine 3 oz., sugar of lead 2 dr., water 0 oz. — Hinds. 8. Strong solution of salt 1 oz., tincture of myrrh \ oz. : for saddle-gidls. — Youatt. 9. Common salt 4 oz., vinegar \ pint, cold water 1 quart, spirit of wine and laudanum, each 1 oz.: in inci- pient poll-evil. — Clater. 10. White vinegar 1 pint, extract of lead 2 oz., campho- rated spirit 4 oz., soft water 1 pint. — Taplin. ASTRINGENT LOTIONS, for drying up sores or diminish- ing their discharge, (especially in grease and scratched heel,) after the inflammation has been subdued by linseed or carrot poultices. 1. Alum 4 oz., boiling water 1 pint: for grease and cracked heel. — Taplin. 2. Alum 2 dr., sulphate of zinc 1 scruple, water 1 pint. — Youatt. 84 MEDICINES FOR HORSES. 3. Mild, for cracks: Sugar of lead 2 dr., sulphate of zinc 1 dr., infusion of oak-bark 1 pint. — Blaine. 4. For confirmed grease: nitric acid 1 oz., water 8 oz. — Blaine. T). Strong: Blue vitriol \ oz., alum 3 dr., water 1 pint. — Spooner. (5. Sugar of lead 1 oz., blue vitriol 1 oz., water 1 quart. — White. 7. Lime water IG oz., spirit of camphor \ oz., sugar of lead 1 dr. — Bourgelat. 8. Sulphate of iron 2 oz., alum 2 oz., vinegar 8 oz,, water 3^ pints. — Moiroud. 9. Tincture of myrrh 1 oz., camphorated spirit 1 oz., distilled vinegar and water, each 2 oz. — Taplin. 10. For anburies: Alum 2 oz., water 1 pint, sulphuric acid 1 dr. 11. Sulphate of iron 1 oz., water 1 quart; dissolve, and add i oz. (by weight) of oil of vitriol. To wash farcy buds after they have been opened. — Clater. DETERGENT LOTIONS, for foul ulcers. 1. Sulphate of copper 1 oz., nitric acid \ oz., water C oz. — White. 2. Sulphate of copper 1 oz., sulphuric acid 12 drops, water 4 oz. 3. Sulphate of copper 2 dr., water 1 pint: for stimulat- ing old ulcers. — Youatt. _ 4. Sulphate of copper 1 oz., water 1 pint : to remove fungous granulations. ,'i. Nitrous acid 1 oz., quicksilver \ oz. ; dissolve, and add water 8 oz. LOTIONS FOR MANGE. 1. White hellebore 2 oz., tobacco 2 oz., water 3 pints ; boil, strain, and add, when cold, a pint of fresh limewater. — Blaine. 2. Boil 4 oz. of white hellebore in 3 pints of water to 2 pints, and add corrosive sublimate 2 dr., previously dis- solved in 3 dr. of muriatic acid. — White. 3. Boil 2 oz. of tobacco in a quart of water, strain, and add common salt 3 oz., soap 2 oz. — M. Lebas. LOTIONS OE WASUES. 85 4. Liver of sulphur ‘3 oz., water 1 quart. — INFoinouD. 5. Liver of sulphur 4 oz., soft soap 10 oz., water 3 gallons. — Leb.\s. 0. Acid nitrate of niercur)' 3 dr., distilled water 10 oz. — Moiroud. 7. Mercurial Wash. Sublimate 2 dr., spirit of wine 2 oz., water 3 pints. — Clark. 8. Chloride of lime 1 Ih, water a gallon. Mix. — Lucas. VARIOUS LOTIONS. Conglutinum. Sulphate of zinc 4 oz., water a pint. — Bracy Clark. Black Wash. For sluggish ulcers: Calomel 2 dr., lime- water 1 pint. Yellow Wash. Sublimate 8 gr., lime-water 4 oz. Nitric Acid Lotion. Nitric acid 2 or 3 dr., water 1 pint: for exciting sluggish ulcers. — Mortox. Lotion of Nitrate of Silver. For the same: Nitrate of silver 10 gr., distilled water 1 oz. — Youatt. Lotion for Farcy. Dissolve 1 oz. of sulphate of iron in a quart of water, and add i oz. of oil of vitriol. — Clater. Styptic Lotion, for stopping bleeding Alum 2 oz., sulphate of zinc 2 dr., water 1 quart. Catechu Lotion, for vlcers of the mouth. Infuse 2 oz. of catechu in a quart of boiling water for an hour; strain, and add 1 oz. of spirit of wine. (For saddle-galls, add 4 oz. of tincture of catechu, and 8 oz. common salt.) — Clater. Lotion of Chloride of Lime. Chloride of lime 1 lb, add gradually 1 gallon of water ; mix, and filter or decant : for mange, and as a stimulant to unhealthy wounds and fistulous sores. Diluted with 10 or 1.7 parts of water, it is used as a lotion for grease, exfoliated bones, &c., and as a disinfectant for foul stables. For ulcers of the tongue, mix 1 dr. of chloride of lime with a pint of water : for mange, 4 dr. to a pint. Wash for destroying Lice about the legs. Corrosive subli- mate 1 dr., muriatic acid 3 dr., tobacco water 1 quart, oil of turpentine 4 oz. — White. Alum Mouth Wash. Alum 2 dr., sage tea a quart. — Eckel. I 8G MEDICINES FOR HORSES. Acid Colliiloriiim. Infusion of sage a quart, muriatic acid 1 oz., flour ;j oz., lioneyG oz. To be applied to the mouth frequently. — Eckeu. LOUSE WATER. 1. Tobacco 4 oz., boiling water a quart; infuse for 24 hours. — Clauk. 2. Mercurial. Sublimate 2 dr., spirit of wine 2 oz., water 1 quart. LIQUID CAUSTICS, for canker and tbrush, for foul, un- healthy wounds, to remove proud flesh, &c. See also Liniments (Detergent). MILDER. 1. Tincture of muriate of iron. 2. Sulphate of cojiper I oz., water from 4 oz. (V. C.) to a pint. — Clater. ;3. Saturated solution of sulphate of zinc: in quittors. — White. 4. Alum § oz., borax ^ oz., boiling water 4 oz., styptic tincture 1 oz. — Taplin. T). Muriatic acid, alone or diluted. 0. jEgyptiacum 2 oz., nitrous acid 20 drops. 7. Any of the stronger caustics (except butter of anti- mony) diluted with water. 8. Goulard’s extract 4 oz., sulphate of zinc 2 oz., sulphate of copper 2 oz., white vinegar 02 oz. — Villate. 9. Aloes 5 oz., weak spirit 10 oz.; dissolve, and add 6 oz. of sulphuric acid. — Duville. STRONGER. 1. Butter of antimony. This is the most safe and useful caustic in canker. 2. Dissolve 1 oz. of quicksilver, by beat, in 2 oz. of nitric acid, and evaporate till the liquid weighs 2J oz. 3. Verdigris 1 oz., nitrous (red nitric) acid 1 oz. ; dis- solve.— White. 4. Red precipitate I oz., nitrous acid 2 oz.— White. 5. Nitrous acid, alone or with a little water. 6. Sulphuric acid, alone or with a little water. CAUSTICS. 87 7. Sublimate 1 dr., muriatic acid 2 dr., water q. s. White. 8. Chloride of zinc with enough water to dissolve it; or SiK Wm. Burnett’s Patent Solution. CAUSTICS FOR POLL-EVIL. 1. Lunar caustic 1 dr., distilled water | oz. — Blaine. 2. Corrosive sublimate 2 dr., water 3 oz. Scalding Mixture for Poll- Evil. I. Sublimate 2 dr., ver- digris 2 dr., blue vitriol 2 dr., sulphate of iron L dr., honey 2 oz., oil of turpentine 8 oz., spirit of wine 4 oz. ; to be applied bot, and confined by stitches. — Gibson. 3. Sublimate 1 dr., finely poivdered and mixed with •4 oz. of basilicon, and melted to scalding heat. — Blaine. 4. Caustic potash 1 dr., rubbed down with 4 oz. oil of turpentine. — Blaine. CAUSTIC FOR FARCY BUDS. Sublimate I dr., muriatic acid 3 dr., spirit of w'ine I oz., water I oz. — White. SOLID CAUSTICS. Lunar Caustic, Caustic Potash; and Cloride of Zinc. See Argenti nitras, Potassae hydras, and Zinci chloridum. Pocket Formulary. Canquoin’s Caustic is made by mixing chloride of zinc with twice its weight of flour and a little water into a stifi’ paste, which is to be rolled out to the required thickness, and cut to the size of the part to be destroyed, the skin being previously removed by a blister. Another caustic is made with 2 parts of chloride of zinc, 1 of butter of antimony, and 5 of flour. Sulphuric Caustic is made by triturating hay saffron with oil of vitriol, so as to form a ductile mass. "Bouchardat recommends solidifying the acid by ivory or lamp black. Solidified Nitric Acid is merely lint soaked with strou" nitric acid, squeezed, and formed to the required shape. Filho’s Caustic is made by melting together in an iron ladle 2 parts of caustic potash and 1 of lime, over a quick fire, and pouring it into leaden tubes of the desired size. The air must be excluded when not in use, by bees’ -wax, or other means. 88 MEDICINES FOE HOESES. FOMENTATIONS. These should he applied moderately warm (about 120°), by means of flannel dipped in the liquid, and frequently renewed from time to time ; keeping the parts covered. Uniollient. 1. Coarse bran 2 double handfuls, water 0 quarts ; boil and strain. 2. Mallow-leaves 8 oz., water 4 quarts ; boil and strain ; () poppy heads may be added. Anodiine. 1. Boil 24 poppy-heads and 2 handfuls of hem- lock in 0 quarts of water for 2 hours, and strain. — White. 2. Belladonna 2 handfuls, C poppy-heads, w'ater 3 quarts ; boil and strain. — Moikodd. 3. Dried wormwood, and chamomile, of each 4 oz., bay- leaves 2 oz., rue 3 oz. ; boil in a gallon of water. 4. Take wormwood, chamomile, mallow, (or either of them,) cut them to pieces, and put 2 handfuls into a bucket, pour scalding water on them, and cover with a cloth. — B. Clark. JJiscvtient and Asiringent. Vinegar or verjuice 1 quart; make it hot, and add 2 oz., of Goulard’s extract of lead; apply warm, in strains of the sinews of the legs. — Taplin. COLLYEIA, OR EYE-W’ATEES. 1. Acetate of lead, and sulphate of zinc, each ^ dr. to 1 dr. ; dissolve them separately in ^ pint of water, mix, and filter. 2. Sugar of lead 10 to 20 grains, water 8 oz. — Morton. 3. Extract of lead I dr., spirit 2 dr., water 8 oz. — White. 4. Acetate of ammonia 3 oz., rose water fi oz. — Blaine. 5. Sugar of lead 2 dr., vinegar ^ oz., soft water 10 oz., rose-water 4 oz. — Blaine. 0. Infuse 1 oz. of foxglove in 2 pints of boiling water, and strain. — Youatt. 7. Tincture of opium 2 dr., water 8 oz., extract of lead 1 dr. — White. 8. Brandy 1 oz., vinegar 1 oz., tincture of opium 2 dr., rose-water 8 oz. — Blaine. FOMENTATIONS. 89 9. Extract of beubane 1 dr., water 8 oz. — White. 10. Decoction of poppies 8 oz., safiVoa ^dr. ; infuse the saffron in the hot decoction. — Lebas. 11. Lapis divinus 9 dr., soft water ^ pint. — Clateb. 12. Common salt dr., water 0 oz Youatt. 13. For Watery Bloodshot Eyes. Burnt alum 1 oz., calcined white vitriol 1 oz., boiling water 3 iiints. — Bracken. 11. Emollient. Infusion of marshmallow leaves or flowers 1 quart, starch (rubbed smooth with a little water) ^oz.] mix, and boil. To be used warm. — Moi- ROUD. 15. Astringent. Alum 2 dr., whites of 2 eggs, water 1 pint; mix in a mortar. — Bourgelat. 1C. Tincture of digitalis ^ oz., soft water 8 oz. — Clater. 17. To remove Opacity of the Cornea, Nitrate of silver 10 gr,, distilled water 1 oz. 1 or 2 drops to be dropped in the eye. — Mr. Youatt. 18. For Clondiness of the Eye. Sublimate 4 gr., spirit of wine 20 drops ; rub together, and add soft w'ater 4 oz. A few drops to be introduced into the eye 3 or 4 times a day. — Clater. 19. Tincture of aloes 1 oz., rose-water 8 oz. — Lebas. 20. Stimulating. Infusion of elder flowers 1C oz., brandy 2 oz. — Moiroud. 21. Lapis mirabilis ^ oz., water 4 to 8 oz. The Lapis mirabilis is thus made — White vitriol 2 lb, rock alum 3 b), fine bole ^tb., litharge 2 oz., water 3 quarts; boil together to dryness. — Solleysell. 22. Alum Collyrium. Decoction of marshmallow 1C oz., alum 2 dr., camphorated spirit 1 dr. Mix. To be used towards the decline of inflammation. — Strauss. 23. 'Fannin Collyrium. Dissolve 1 dr. of tannin in 13 oz. of water, and add 3 oz. of cherry-laurel water. 24. Sulphate of zinc 8 grains, water 4 ounces. In chronic inflammation. — Clater. I o 90 SUJ^-DEY SOLUTIONS, &c. Shjptic Stone. Sulphate of iron 8 oz. ; sal ammoniac, sulphate of zinc, and oxide of copper, each 1 oz.; mix, and melt together with a gentle heat. About the size of a ]iut of this compound to be dissolved in a quart of warm water, and applied with compresses renewed every 3 or 4 hours: tor saddle-galls, kicks, sprains, bruises, ulcers, and as a collyrium. — Knaup. Lapis Divinus. Sulphate of copper, alum, nitre, of each 3 oz. ; melt together, and stir in 1 dr. of camphor: used in eye-waters and lotions, IVound Slone. Alum, sulphate of zinc, of each 3 oz., ver- digris and sal ammoniac, of each 1 dr.; melt together, and add ^ dr. of 2)owdered saifrou : detergent and drying. Cljir/c’s Conglutiniim. Sulphate of zinc 4 oz., water a pint. Solution of Alum. Alum 1 oz., water 1(5 oz. Dissolve. — V. C. Solution of Sulphate of Zinc. Sulphate of zinc 1 oz., water 3 oz. — V. C. In quitters it is usually diluted. Solution of Sulphate of Copper. Sulphate of copper 1 oz., water 4 oz. — V. C. Compound Solution of the same. Sulphate of copper 3 oz., alum 3 oz., water 2 ih, sulphuric acid 1^ oz. Solution of Bichloride of Mercury. Sublimate, hydro- chloric acid, each 1 part; spirit, or water, 7 parts. — V.C. Goulard Water. Extract of lead I oz., camphorated spirit 2 oz., rain water a quart. — Taplin. V. C. use extract of lead and rectified spirit each 2 dr,, soft water 1 pint. Tincture of Catechu. See P. F. Used externally for wounds. Tincture of Euphorhium. Euphorbium 1 oz., rectified spirit G oz. Alkaline Tincture of Euphorhium. Euphorbium 8 oz., so- lution of subcarbonate of potash 3 pints: used as caustics and stimulants, particularly in curbs after the inflamma- tion has been subdued. Compound Tincture of Cantharides. Powdered flies 4, euphorbium 1 , proof spirit 24. — Lebas. POULTICES OE CATAPLASMS. 91 Styptic Tincture. Tincture of mjrrli, spirit of camphor^ and Friar’s balsam, equal parts. — Taplin. JEgyptiacum. (Veterinary.) Sulpliate of copper in powder 12 oz., vinegar 4 oz., treacle 48 oz.; boil together to a proper consistence. — B. Clabk. ■3i(jyptiacmn with Turpentine, Honey 28 oz., pyroligneous acid 14 oz., powdered verdigris 10 oz. ; boil together in a copper vessel till the mixture has u reddish purple colour and the consistence of thin honey; add Venice turpentine 28 oz., and keep it on a slow fire, stirring constantly for a quarter of an hour. — Leloup. Liniment of Verdigris. V. C. Verdigris in fine powder 9 oz., alum 0 oz., treacle 1^ lb- Boil until the compound assumes a brown colour. Liniment of Sulphate of Copper. Powdered sulphate of copper 1 part, treacle 4 parts. Simmer in a pipkin over a slow fire until the whole assumes a reddish-brown colour. In canker, severe thrush, &c. — Mouton. POULTICES OE CATAPLASMS. These are useful in reducing inflammation and relieving pain. They should not be used too hot, nor applied too tightly, especially to the feet. COMMON POULTICES. 1. Bran moistened with hot water, and as much linseed meal added as will give it tenacity. — V. C. 2. Boil a quart of bran for 10 minutes with enough water to make a thin mash ; then add to it 4 oz. of linseed meal : apply it in a flannel bag. — Blaine. 3. Fine bran 3 parts, linseed meal 1 part, hot water q. s. CHARCOAL POULTICES. 1. Oatmeal ^ pint, linseed meal ^ pint, charcoal 4 oz., beer grounds q. s. 2. Carrots scraped, or carrots boiled, with charcoal powder q. s. Antiseptic Blaine. 92 MEDICINES FOR HOUSES. YEAST POULTICES. 1. Linseed meal, oatmeal, boiling water q. s.; mix, and ferment with a tablespoontul of yeast; iu old grease with an oifensive smell. — Blaine. 2. In Gangrene: Add 2 oz. of turpentine to the last. — Blaine. ANODYNE POULTICES. 1. Boil poppy beads in water, strain, and add linseed meal to stiflen it. — Youatt. 2. Sprinkle the surface of a simple poultice with laudanum. CLEANSING POULTICES. Mashed turnips, not pressed, w'ith enough linseed meal, or oatmeal, to give it con- sistence; or, the charcoal poultice above. DEAWING POULTICES. 1. Boil 2 11) of chopped onions in water, and add to it the crumb of a 4-lh loaf. — Hinds. 2. Sorrel boiled and squeezed 4 parts, onions baked in ashes I part, basilicon ointment I part; mix, and applv warm.— M. Vatel. BESOLVENT POULTICES. 1. Eye meal 8 oz., prepared chalk 2 oz., Hnegar 10 oz.; mix, warm, and stir till no more gas is disengaged: annlv cold. SoLLEYSELL. 2. Linseed meal 12 oz,, powdered hemlock 4 oz., muriate of ammonia 4 oz., vinegar q. a.: to indolent glandular tumours. — Lebas. GOULAED POULTICES. 1. To a linseed meal poultice add I or 2 dr. of Goulard’s extract of lead. — Youatt. 2. Bread and barley-meal equal parts, Goulard water q. s., lard 4 or (J oz. — Taplin. CHLOEINE POULTICE. Chloride of lime ^ oz., water I pint, linseed meal q. s. : to grease, when offensive. — Youatt. OINTMENTS, CERATES, ETC, 93 POULTICES FOR GREASE. ]. The herb cleavers (or goose-grass) beaten to a paste. 2. Mash bread and boiled turnips with stale beer, and stir in 1 oz. flour of mustard, turpentine 2 oz., linseed meal 2 oz., lard ti oz. ; night and morning. — Taplin. MUSTARD POULTICE. 1. Mustard flour and linseed meal, equal parts; mix with siifiicient hot vinegar to give a proper consistence. 2. Flour of black mustard 3 fib, hot vinegar, or water, q. s. — Moiroud. RUBEFACIENT POULTICE. 1. Fresh horseradish root, grated, and immediately applied. — Moiroud. 2. Stronger. Old yeast 2 fb, flour of black mustard 1 fib, euphorbium powder 4 oz., vinegar q. s. ; mix, and apply cold. OINTMENTS, CEEATES, CHAEGES, &c. SIMPLE EMOLLIENT OINTMENTS. 1. Simple Cerate. Olive oil a pint, bees’-wax 4 oz. 2. Spermaceti Ointment. Lard 1 2 oz., white wax 2 oz., spermaceti 1 oz. BLISTERING OINTMENTS. The Spanish flies should be finely powdered, and the heat moderate. 1. Lard 4 oz., common turpentine 1 oz., p. flies I oz.; melt the lard and turpentine, and stir in the powdered flies. — V. C. Mr. Youatt substitutes resin for .the tur- pentine. 2. Venice turpentine and rosin, of each 1 lb, palm oil or lard 2 lb; melt together, and gradually stir in 1 fib of powdered flies. — Blaine. 3. Palm oil 4 lb, resin 1 lb; melt together, and stir in I fib of powdered flies. — Clater. 4. Mild. Lard 4 oz., Venice turpentine 1 oz., p. flies G dr. — White. 91 medicines foe hoeses. 5. Stronger. Mercurial ointment 2 oz., oil of bays 2 oz.. Darbadoes tar 1 oz., oil of rosemary 2 dr,, p. flies 1 oz — uhite. 0, Strong. Oil of turpentine 1 oz., oil of vitriol 2 fluid clr. ; mix m a basin, and add melted lard 0 oz., oil of origanum 1 oz,, powdered flies 1 to 2 oz. — White. 7. Strongest. Strong mercurial ointment 4 oz., oil of origanum f oz., finely powdered euiiborbium 3 dr, p flies i oz.— White. o ui., p. 8. Blaine’s Mercurial. Common blister (No. 2, above) ^oz., sublimate in fine powder :§ dr. : for sidiuts, spavins, y. For common purposes. Lard « oz., Venice turpen- ine 4 oz., bee’s wax 2 oz,, yellow resin 1 oz., oil of origanum •§ oz., powdered cantbaiides 3 oz. It may be softened m winter by rubbing it with a little turpentine. — White. ‘ 10. Powdered flies 5 dr„ lard 4 oz., oil of turpentine I oz. — Hinds. 11. Mustard Blister. Best flour of mustard 8 oz. vi^ater to form a paste. — Mr. Youatt. Others add 2 oz! ot oil of turpentine, and 1 oz. pure water of ammonia. iYo/e.-The hair should be clipped closely, or sbaved off, the part fomented with warm water, and the blisterino- ointment well rubbed in. In inflammation of the lunes'’ &c., blistering is more successful after bleeding In 24 hours a little olive or neatsfoot oil should be applied and repeated night and morning. The head should be tied up for the first 2 days, and the litter removed from the stable If strangury is produced give plenty of linseed tea. The simplest blisters are perhaps the best for common pur- poses Sublimate blemishes. Sweating doivn is effected by milder^stimiilants ; for this purpose, the liquid blister (see p. , / ) IS lowered by some mild oil, &c. ^^kTunlcm-f^ ointments, for cleansing foul andindo- ti oz,, red precipitate, finely po^^dered, 2 oz. — ^White. OINTMENTS, CERATES, ETC. 95 2. Citrine ointment, alone or with ^ its weight of Venice turpentine. 3. Sulphate of zinc 1 dr., sulphate of copper 1 dr., oil of turpentine 2 dr. ; grind smooth, and mix it with 4 oz. of melted tallow. See also Digestive Ointments, No. 4. 4. Yellow basilicon 2 oz., black basilicon 1 oz. ; melt together, remove from the fire, and add 1 oz. of turpen- tine, oz. finely powdered red precipitate. — Taplin. 5. Verdigris Ointment. Verdigris in fine powder 1 part, common turpentine 1 part, lard 12 parts. Mix. — Morton. DIGESTIVE OINTMENTS, to promote a discharge from unhealthy and indolent ulcers. ]. Eesiu 10 oz., linseed oil 12 oz. ; melt together with a gentle heat. — Clark. 2. Strained turpentine, honey, of each 2 oz. ; yolks of 4 eggs, myrrh ^ oz., aloes 1 oz. ; mix. — Solleysell. 3. Equal parts of common turpentine and lard melted together. — White. 4. To 1 tb of the last add 1 oz, of finely powdered verdigris. — W h i te. 5. Yellow wax 3 oz., common turpentine 3 oz., black pitch 1 oz., resin 0 oz., linseed oil 16 oz. ; melt together with a gentle heat, then add oil of turpentine 4 oz., and stir till cold. 0. Olive oil 1 pint, yellow wax and black resin, of each 4 oz.. Burgundy pitch and turpentine, of each 2 oz. ; melt the other ingredients, and add the turpentine when it is removed from the fire. — -Taplin. 7. Common turpentine 1 part, lard 3 parts; melt toge- ther.—V. C. 8. (Basilicon.) Resin 5 oz., yellow wax 2 oz., lard 8 oz. ; melt together. 9. (Black Basilicon.) Pitch, wax, resin, of each 11 ounces ; olive (or rape or linseed) oil, a pint. • EYE OINTMENTS. The powder should be very fine, and the whole rubbed smooth. 1. Nitrate of silver 5 to 10 gr., lard 1 oz.; rub till per- 9G MEDICINES FOE DOESES. fectly smooth. The size of a pea to be introduced be- tween the lids, in chronic ophthalmia.- — Morton. 2. Calamine 4 oz-. tutty ^ oz., sulphate of copper ^ dr. 8ul])hate of zinc ^ oz., alum ^ oz., camphor 2 dr., fresh butter 3 oz. ; mix, and apply warm, with a feather, to watery, inflamed eyes. — Bracken. 3. Ointment of nitrated quicksilver I dr., zinc oint- ment 1 oz., camphor 1 dr. 4. In inflammation of the eyelids : Verdigris 1 part, Venice turpentine 1, lard 12. — Morton. 5. For wounds in the eye: Tutty ointment 1 oz., honey of roses 2 dr., calcined white vitriol 20 gr. ; apply with a feather night and morning, and sponge daily with warm milk and water.- — Bracken. (). For removing opacity of the cornea: Iodine 2 gr., iodide of potassium 20 gr., lard or butter ^ oz. EUPHORBIUM OINTMENT. Euphorbium 1, lard 8 parts ; mix. — Delafosse. OINTMENTS FOR SCURFY AND CRACKED HEELS, AND CONFIRMED GREASE. The inflammation should be first subdued by poultices. The milder pre- parations (which are here placed first) should be employed in the first instance, and afterwards those for confirmed grease. 1. For scurfy heels: Goulard’s extract J dr., lard 1 oz., mix. The heel should first be gently rubbed with soap and water. — Crater. 2. For scurfy or cracked heels: Sugar of lead J oz., oxide of zinc ^ oz., lard or palm oil 4 oz. 3. Melt together 3 oz. white diachylon, 4 oz. olive oil ; mix, and when nearly cold, add 3 dr. of sugar of lead in fine powder. First wash the heel, then apply the As- tringent Lotion No. 0, and afterwards this ointment; or, elder ointment 4 oz., camphor C dr., laudanum 2 dr., extract of lead 2 dr.; mix. — Taplin. 4. Healing ointment for cracked heel : Lard 4 lb, resin 1 Iti ; melt together, and stir in 1 ft true calamine. — Crater. See also Softening and Cooring Ointments, below. ^ OINTMENTS, CEBATES, ETC. 97 For cracked Leels and grease ; Alum 1 oz., turpen- tine 1 oz., lard 3 oz. Melt the turpentine and lard, and stir in the powdered alum. — V. C. G. For grease: Venice turpentine 4 oz., wax 1 oz., lard 4 oz. ; melt together, and add sugar of lead 1 oz. (or alum 2 oz.) in fine powder. — White. 7. Lard, honey, common turpentine, each 8 oz. ; melt together, and add powdered alum G oz, white vitriol 2 oz. 8. Common turpentine 1 ft ; melt, and add powdered alum 1^ ft, bole 2 ft; stir till cold; spread on brown paper, and tie over with list. 9. Lard ft, honey ^ ft, common turpentine | ft>; melt, and add p. alum .1 ft, white vitriol 2 oz. ; stir till cold. 10. For confirmed grease: Common verdigris ^ oz., alum, sulphate of zinc, sugar of lead, of each § oz. ; tar G oz. — Blaine. 11. Citrine ointment 3 oz., lard 2 oz., turpentine 2 dr., saturated solution of nitrate of copper 2 dr. — Blaine. 12. jEgyptiacum 8 oz., lard 4 oz., sulphate of zinc in powder 1 oz. ; rub together till perfectly mixed. — Las- 8AIGNE. 13. Prepared verdigris 1 oz., lard 4 oz., honey a suffi- cient quantity. — Delafosse. 14. Chloride of lime 1 to 2 parts ; lard 8 parts. Mix. To remove the fcetor, in grease. — Morton. OINTMENTS TO PROMOTE THE GROWTH OF THE HAIR, and remove the blemish from broken knees. 1. Camphor \ dr., oil of rosemary 1 dr., weak mer- curial ointment 1 oz., ivory black and bole to colour. — White. 2. Poplar-bud ointment and honey, applied twice a day for 1.5 or 20 days. — Pye. 3. Calamine 2 dr., prepared charcoal 1 dr., oil of tur- pentine 1 dr., lard 4 dr. ; rub well together with 1 dr. of blister ointment. — Clater. 4. Liquid blister (No. 3, G, or 7) 1 dr., ivory black 1 dr., camphor 1 dr., palm oil 1 oz. K 98 MEDICINES ECU IIOESES. 5. Cilrine ointment 1 oz., campLor 1 dr., colour ns above. HELLEBORE OINTMENT. Powdered wliite liellel.ore 1 part, lard 8 parts : an irritating dressing for rowels lunl setons. — V. C. HOOF OINTMENT. Tar and tallow equal parts, melted together. — White. IODINE OINTMENT, Simide. Iodine I part, lard 8 parts. Mix. — V. C. FARCY OINTMENT. Iodine 1 dr., lard I oz., mercurial ointment I oz. Mix. Useful when the complaint is con fined to one leg; from 5 to 10 grains of iodide of potas- sium being given daily, with a mineral tonic. IODINE OINTMENT, Compound. Iodine I dr., iodide of potassium 2 dr., lard 2 oz. — V. C. IODIDE OF MERCURY OINTMENT. Red iodide of mercury I part, lard or palm oil 7 parts ; mix; the size of a nut to be rubbed on daily: in tborougbpin. OINTMENTS FOR MANGE AND LICE. 1. Sulphur 4 oz., soft soap 4 oz., oil of bays 4 oz., train oil q. s. 2. Sulphur 1 oz., train oil I oz., Venice turpentine, 2 oz. — Youatt. 3. Train oil 3 oz., sulphur I oz., oil of turpentine C oz. — White. 4. Sulphur 8 oz., common turpentine 2 oz., strong mer- curial ointment 2 oz., linseed oil 1 pint ; rub the flowers of sulphur with a fourth part of the oil, then rub in the turpentine and ointment, and gradually add the rest of tlie oil; half to be rubbed in daily for 3 days; on the sixth day, wash off with soft soap and warm water. — Clater. 5. Oil of turpentine 3 oz., oil of vitriol I oz. ; mix cautiously, avoiding the fumes, and add melted lard 8 oz., train oil 4 oz., oil of turpentine 2 oz., flowers of sulphur, or sulphur vivum 4 oz.; stir till cold; apply daily for 3 or 4 times, and give an alterative powder twice a day. — White. OINTMEKTS, CEEATES, ETC. 99 6. Oil of bays IG oz., stroug mercurial ointment C oz., oil of turpentine 2 oz., soft soap 4 oz.; mix, and apply in the sun; but it is not quite safe. — Beacken. 7. Oil of turpentine 4 oz., oil of tar 4 oz., train oil 8 oz., sulphur 4 oz. 8. Sulphur vivum 8 oz., powdered stavesacre 1 oz., mercurial ointment 2 oz., turpentine 2 oz., lard or train oil 8 oz. — Bl.vixe. 9. Soft soap and tar equal parts. 10. Weak mercurial ointment 4 ft>. sulphur vivum 4 oz., white hellebore 3 oz., black pepper 3 oz., oil of tartar 1 oz., olive oil enough to make it soft: use daily 7, 10, or 14 days. — Taplin. OINTMENTS FOR MALLENDEES AND SALLEN- DERS. (Scurfy eruptions.) 1. Citrine ointment 2 oz., tar ointment 1 oz. Mix. 3 Lard 2 oz., finely powdered red precipitate 2 dr. — White. 3. Sugar of lead 1 part, tar 2, lard 6; mix; give a diu- retic ball occasionally. — Youatt. 4. Lard 4 oz.; melt, and stir in Goulard’s extract 1 oz. — White. 5. Quicksilver 1 oz., common turpentine 3 oz.; mix. — Bracken. 6. Sublimate 10 gr., mercurial ointment 1 oz.; mix. 7. Iodide of potassium 1 dr., lard 2 oz., Goulard’s ex- tract 4 dr. ; mix. 8. Camphor 1 dr., sugar of lead 4 mercurial oint- ment 1 oz.; mix, and apply alter washing with soap and water. — Blaine. 9. Naphthaline 1 dr., cod-liver oil 1 oz., zinc ointment 1 oz. MARSHMALLOW OINTMENT. The following is often substituted for the pharmacopoeia preparation: Rape oil 1 lb, yellow wax G oz., palm oil 4 lb, common turpentine 1 oz. MERCURIAL OINTMENT. This is prepared in the usual way; but Venice turpentine is often used to kill the 100 MEDICINES FOE HOESES, quicksilver more speedil)', as it does not interfere with its vetcrinar)' uses. Strong Mercurial Ointmenl. Quicksilver 1C oz., Venice turi)eutine 2 oz. ; rub together till the metal is killed, theu'add 1C oz. of lard. 2. Quicksilver 10 oz., liquid styrax 5 dr., lard 3 oz. ; triturate until the metal disappears, and add 12 oz. more lard. — Cressent. Weaker Mercurial Oinlment. Strong mercurial ointment 1 part, lard 2 parts. 2. Quicksilver 2 oz., balsam of sulphur J oz. ; rub together till the globules disappear, and add 0 oz. of lard. — Tai'lin. Compound Mercurial Ointment. Mercurial ointment 1 part, soft soap 2 parts. — V. C. RESOLVENT OINTMENTS, for indolent tumours of the witliers, spavins, wind-galls, farcy buttons, splints, &c. 1. Strong mercurial ointment 4 oz., cantharides in powder J oz., oil of rosemary 2 dr. — White. 2. Biniodide of mercury 1 part, lard or palm oil 7 parts ; rub together in a mortar; the quantity of a nut to be rubbed on daily till a scurf is produced : for spavin and tboroughpin. — Spooner. 3. Blister ointment 2 oz., strong mercurial ointment 1 oz., soft soap i oz., oil of bays 3 dr., yellow wax 3 dr. ; melt the wax by a gentle heat, add the other ingredients, mix by stirring, remove, and stir till cold. — Lbbas. 4. Common turpentine 12 parts, corrosive sublimate 1 part; mix. — Girard. OINTMENT OF NITRATE OF SILVER. Nitrate of silver 5 to 10 gr., lard 1 oz. — Morton. CREASOTE OINTMENT. Creasote 2 parts, lard 8 parts. —V. C. JIILD CITRINE OINTMENT. Ointment of nitrate of quicksilver 1 part, lard and oil 2 parts. In tarsal oph- thnlmia. SOFTENING AND COOLING OINTMENTS, for cracks and ulcers on the heel, &c. : OINTMENTS, CEEATES, ETC. 101 1. Spermaceti oiutment 4 oz., olive oil 1 oz., sugar of lead 2 dr., oxide of zinc 1 oz. — White. 2. Extract of lead ^ dr., lard .1 oz. ; mix. — Clater. 3. Marshmallow oiutment 4 oz., extract of lead 3 dr., elder ointment ^ oz., calamine 1 oz. OINTMENTS FOR SIT-FASTS, and all hard tumours. Strained ammoniacum 4 oz., mercurial oiutment 8 oz., oil of turpentine 10 oz. — Hinds. OINTMENTS FOR SORE BACKS AND SADDLE- GALLS. (See Lotions.) 1. Camphor 2 dr., oil of rosemary 1 dr., elder ointment or lard 3 oz. 2. Miirshmallow ointment 4 oz., extract of lead 1 oz. — White. SULPHURIC ACID OINTMENT. 1. Sulphuric acid I dr., lard i oz. ; mix. 2. Sulphuric acid 1 fluid oz., lard 8 oz., oil of turpentine I oz. OINTMENTS FOR SPAVINS AND WIND-GALLS. See Resolvent Ointments, above. TAR OINTMENT. Equal parts of tallow and tar melted together. OINTMENTS FOR THRUSH AND CANKER. 1. Common verdigris ^ oz., calamine oz., sulphate of zinc I dr., tar 3 oz. — Blaine. 2. Blue vitriol 2 oz., white vitriol 1 oz., rubbed down and mixed with lard 2 It), tar 1 lb; a pledget of tow covered with it to be introduced into the cleft of the frog every night, and renewed in the morning. — ^Youatt. 3. Thrush Paste. Alum, blue vitriol, white vitriol, of each 1 oz.; mb them into a fine powder; melt 2 lb of tar with I ft) of lard, and when getting cool, stir in the powder. — Clater. 4. Verdigris l^oz., (or burnt alum 8 oz.,) red lead 8 oz. treacle 4 lb; boil to a proper consistence, and add 1 oz. of nitrous acid. — Feron. 103 MEDICINES FOE HOESES. 5, la Canker. Tar 4 parts, nitric acid I part; mix. — Morton. OINTMENT FOR FARCY-BUDS. 1. Sublimate 1 oz., white arsenic ioz., yellow arsenic ^ oz., eupliorbium 4 oz., oil of bays 4 oz.; mix. — M. Lamotte. 2. {Toplqne Tcrrat.) Corrosive sublimate 1 oz., white and yellow ai’senic each ^ oz., oil of bays 4 oz. Mix with a gentle heat. TURPENTINE OINTIMENT. Common turpentine 1 part, lard 3 parts ; melt together. — V. C. VERDIGRIS OINTMENT. Verdigris in powder I part, common turpentine I part, lard 12 parts : for foul ulcers and tarsal ophthalmia. — Morton. OINTMENT FOR WARTS AND ANBURIES. Muriate of ammonia 2 dr., powdered savin I oz., lard 1§ oz.; to be applied daily. — Blaine. OINTMENTS FOR CHRONIC VIVES. 1. Emetic tartar 2 dr., olive oil 1 dr. ; rub together till smooth, and add lard 1 oz. 2. Iodide of potassium I dr., palm oil I oz. ; rub toge ther till quite smooth. — Clater. ASTRINGENT PASTE, for broken knees, and for wounds after the inflammation has sub-sided. 1. Powdered alum and pipe clay, mixed with water to the consistence of cream. For broken knees, it may be coloured with bole and lamp-black. — White. 2. Paste for Open Knee-joint. Flour and stale beer, boiled to the consistence of paste, and coloured as above. To be spread thick all round the joint, and covered with a pledget of tow, and § sheet of brown paper ; and the leg of a cotton stocking drawn over the whole. The stocking to be covered with the paste, and enveloped with 2 calico bandages regularly applied. — Turner. STOPPING FOR THE FEET. 1. Cow-dung beaten with a fourth part of clay. — Youatt. OIXTMENTS, CHAEGES, ETC. 103 2. Soft soap 4 oz,, Barbadoes tar 10 oz., linseed meal lb. — White. 3. Tallow and tar, equal parts, melted together. 4. Common tar 2 parts, soft soap I part, linseed meal q. s. To be spread over the sole of the foot j of an inch thick, covered with a layer of tow, and a leather sole over all.— V. C. HOOF OINTMENTS. 1. Equal parts of wax, olive oil, lard, veal suet, tur- pentine, and honey; melt the wax and lard with the oil by a gentle heat, remove from the fire, and add the honey and turpentine, stirring till cold ; when intended to em- bellish the hoof as well as to soften it, it may be coloured with lamp black, or ivory black. — Boubgelat. 2. Tallow 4 lb, bees’-wax 4 oz., tar ^ lb; melt slowly, remove from the fire, and when they begin to cool, stir together. A portion of pitch may be added when intended to fill fissures, &c. — Bbacy Clabk. COMPOSITION FOR SAND CRACKS. Bees’-wax 4 oz., yellow rosin 2 oz., common turpentine 1 oz., tallow ^ oz., melt together; fill the cracks with the composition, and turn the horse out to grass. SUPPLING LINIMENT FOR BRITTLE HOOF. Oil of tar 1 pint, fish oil 2 pints. — Clateb. CHAEGES. The usual means of applying charges is to soften the com- pound by heat, and apply it witli a large spatula to the part, as warm as the animal can comfortably bear it, and while warm to cover it with cut tow. They are used for old sprains of the loins, strains of the back sinews, wind- galls, &c. Cold charges are spread on cloth or leather, and renewed as they become dry. 1. Simple Charge. Pitch 4 oz., turpentine 1 oz. — Gaspabin. 2. For Strains of the Loins. Pitch 4 lb, turpentine 0 oz., olive oil 4 oz.; melt together. — B. Clabk. 3. Burgundy pitch 4 oz., wax 4 oz., yellow rosin 4 104 MEDICINES FOE HOESES. oz., common turpentine 1 oz. ; melt together, and when it begins to thicken, stir in 1 oz. of bole. — White. 4. Burgundy or common pitch 5 oz., tar G oz., wax 1 oz. ; melt together, and when they are becomiug cool, stir in \ dr. of powdered cantharides. — Youatt. 5. J*itch 3 lb, tar 1 ib, bees’-wax Ib; melt together. — Clater. 5. Eosin 2 oz.. Burgundy pitch 4 oz., Barbadoes tar 2 oz., wax 3 oz., red lead 4 oz. — White. 7. Pitch 8 oz., suet 4 oz., oil of turpentine 3 oz., tincture of cantharides 3 oz. — Delafosse and Las- SAIGNE. 8. Cold Charge. Bole | lb, white of egg and vinegar, to form soft paste, to be applied on doubled cloth or leather, and renewed as it dries : for sprains in the back sinews. — Bracken. 9. Bruised leaves of elder, or cabbage, or mallow. — B. Clark. 10. Mercurial Charge. B. pitch 1| lb, wax 1^ lb; melt, and add, while cooling, G oz. of mercurial ointment previously mixed with G dr. of iodine. — Mr. S. Fisher. 11. Soot Charge. Common turpentine 4^ oz., soot 3 oz. : mix. — Delafond. POWDEES FOE OUTWAED USE. ASTRINGENT POWDERS; chiefly used for sprinkling greasy or ulcerated heels, after the inflammation has been subdued by poultices, and in joint wounds. 1. Calamine (true) 4 parts, alum 1 part ; mix. — Morton. 2. Burnt alum, dried sulphate of iron, and myrrh, equal parts. — V. C. (Comp, powder of alum.) 3. Alum 1 dr., charcoal ^ oz., chalk 2 oz. — Blaine. 4. Sulphate of zinc, chalk lightly calcined, white pepper, in equal parts. — B. Clark. 5. Alum 4 oz., bole 1 oz. — White. 6. Oak-bark 1 oz., verdigris 2 dr. — Blaine. 7. White vitriol 2 oz., oxide of zinc 1 oz. — White. POWDEES FOB OUTWAEt) USE. 105 DETERGENT AND ESCHAROTIC POWDERS; for cleansing foul ulcers and repressing fungous or proud flesh. They should all be very finely powdered and well mixed. 1. Equal parts of calcined white vitriol and alum. — Brackkn. 2. Bole 2 dr., blue vitriol or verdigris 1 oz. — White. 3. Red precipitate 4 oz., acetate of copper 4 oz., cala- mine 4 oz. — Blaine. 4. Red precipitate 4 oz., burnt alum 2 dr. 5. Blue vitriol 1 oz., alum 1 oz., white lead 1 oz. C. Equal parts of verdigris and sugar of lead. — Clater. 7. Alum, dried sulphate of iron, and myrrh, equal parts: in joint wounds. 8. Alum, sulphate of iron, of zinc, and of copper, of each 1 oz, muriate of ammonia 4 oz.> camphor and salFron, of each dr. — Bouchardat. STYPTIC POWDER. Alum, with an equal or double weight of flour. — White. STYPTIC STONE. See Solutions, page 90. SNEEZING POWDERS. The ingredients to be finely powdered and mixed. 1. Asarabacca 4 dr., white hellebore I dr.; mix, and keep it in a bottle for use. — Bracken. 2. Snuff 1 oz., hellebore I dr., euphorbium 10 to 20 gr. — Peck. 3. In Incipient Cataract. Turpeth mineral 2 dr., asarabacca 4 dr.; mix, and apply as much as will lie upon a sixpence, daily. — Bracken. MEDICINES FOE NEAT CATTLE. DEINKS OE DEENCHES. Note. — The peculiar structure of the digestive organs in cattle renders it proper to give their medicines in a liquid form. For the same reason, drenches should be given very slowly, so as to enter at once the third or fourth stomach. It is only in case of hoven or hloivn, that it is desirable to introduce medicine into the first stomach or riimeu. PURGING and LAXATIVE DRENCHES. These are given when fever exists, or is threatened; to prevent downfalls of the udder; after calving, to prevent milk- fever; to remove undue accumulations in costiveness; in the first stage of red-water, and jaundice; and in all inflammatory complaints. 1. Epsom salts 8 oz., sulphur 4 oz., ginger 2 dr., warm water a pint, linseed oil 12 oz. — Spooner. 2. Epsom salts 6 or 8 oz,, castor oil 8 oz., gruel If pint, ginger f oz. 3. Glauber or Epsom salts IG oz. (or in bad cases with fever 24 oz.) caraways 1 oz., warm gruel a quart Clateb, 4. Castor oil, from 16 to 24 oz., with gruel; but is not to be depended on. T). To No, 3, add 2 or 3 dr. of gamboge, or 4 dr. of aloes. 0. Sulphur 8 oz.^ ginger f oz., warm gruel a quart: in rheumatism, or joint-fellon. — Clater. 7. Common salt 1 lb, warm water, or gruel, q. s. The last two are only proper where there is not much fever. 8. In Red water. Sulphate of magnesia 8 to 10 oz., sulphur 2 to 6 oz., carbonate of ammonia f oz., ginger DEINKS OR DRENCUES. 107 ^ oz., warm water q. s. ; a fourth of this every G hours till the bowels are sufficiently acted on. — Spooneb. 9. Whan the last does not operate. Calomel 20 gr., yeast § pint. — Harris. 10. Aloes 4 to C dr., common salt 4 to G oz., ginger 1 to 3 dr., water a quart, anodyne tincture 2 oz.; in red- water. — White. 11. Cordial Purgative. Aloes 4 dr., Epsom salts 4 oz., ginger 1 dr., carminative tincture 2 oz., water 1 quart. — SVhite. 12. In the commencement of puerperal or milk fever : Epsom salts G or 8 oz., powdered croton seeds 20 to 30 gr., ginger 4 dr.; in 3 or 4 pints of gruel: repeat in G hours, if required, without the croton seeds. — Blaine. 13. In locked jaw : Barbadoes aloes 1^ oz., powdered croton kernel 10 gr., boiling water q. s.; given when cool. — Clateb. 14. Mild laxative and tonic. Epsom salts ^ lb, sul- phur 4 to G oz., ginger | oz., gentian i oz., warm water q. s. — Eveson. 15. In flatulent colic with costiveness: Aloes 1^ oz., carbonate of potash 3 dr., ginger ^ oz., warm water 1 pint, linseed oil 8 oz. — White. 16. Palm oil 16 oz., Glauber’s salts 12 oz., boiling water q. s. — Peck. 17. Laxative drink for cows that are kept on hag. Aloes 4 dr., ginger 1^ dr., water a quart, Epsom salts 6 oz., carbonate of soda oz. ; for one dose. — Youatt. FEVER DRENCHES, for fevers, colds, influenza, &c. 1. Tartar emetic 1 dr., digitalis ^ dr., nitre 3 dr.; mix, and give in a quart of gruel ; in simple colds or catarrh. — Clater. 2. Antimonial powder 2 dr., opium a scruple; rub together, and mix with thick gruel: after bleeding, in inflammation of the bladder. — White. 3. In influenza, or epidemic (epizootic) colds: Nitre ^ oz., salt of tartar 1 oz., camphor 2 dr., valerian, liquo- rice, turmeric, of each 1 oz., mustard 2 oz., juniper berries I oz., gruel a quart. — Skerret. 108 MEDICINES FOE NEAT CATTLE. 4. For the same: After bleeding and a laxative, give antimonial powder 2 dr., camphor dr., ginger 3 dr., laudanum j oz., in gruel. — White. In bad colds attended with fever: Nitr* 1 oz., camphor ^ dr., tartar-emetic ^ dr., in gruel. — Peck. FEBRIFUGE TONIC DRENCHES. 1. Antimonial jiowder ^ dr., camphor 1 dr., Peruvian hark I oz., gruel, or decoction of arrowroot or starch q. s., for 2 doses. — Peck. 2. In the decline of fevers and influenza: Emetic tartar ^ dr., nitre 2 dr., gentian 3 dr., chamomile 1 dr., ginger ^ dr. ; pour on them a pint of boiling ale, and give when cool. — Clatek. 3. Emetic tartar ^ dr., gentian 2 dr., digitalis ^ ‘Ji'*) nitre ^ oz., spirit of nitric ether 4 dr., gruel q. s. TONIC DRENCHES. 1. Cascarilla 3 dr., ginger 3 dr., carbonate of soda 2 dr., in gruel. — White. 2. Gentian ^ oz., ginger 1 dr., Epsom salts 2 oz., warm gruel a pint. — Clateh. 3. Tartarized iron 1 dr., gentian 2 dr., ginger 1 dr., gruel 1 pint : after laxatives, in indigestion. DRENCHES FOR INFLAMMATION OF THE LIVER. After bleeding give — 1. Calomel If dr., opium f dr., ginger 2 dr., thick gruel q. s. Six hours afterwards, give Epsom salts 1 ft, sulphur 0 oz., linseed oil f pint, gruel q. s. — Spooner. 2. Epsom salts 1 lb, caraway f oz., Barbadoes aloes f oz. ; in a quart of warm gruel. — Clateb. After the yellowness appears give 3. Half of No. 2, with 20 gr. of calomel morning and night. — Clateb. DRENCHES FOR JAUNDICE OR YELLOWS. 1. Opium 10 gr., calomel 10 gr., thick gruel q. s. at night, and the tonic drink (No. 2) in the morning. — Clateb. 2. Mr. Spooner says salts in f-lb doses, with a little ginger, are generally sufficient. DEINKS OR DRENCHES. 109 3. Muriate of soda ^ oz., carbonate of soda ^ oz., tur- meric 2 oz., Glauber’s salts U oz., powdered gentian and chamomile tl dr., gruel q. s. 4. Castile soap \ oz., Venice turpentine ^ oz., ginger 3 dr., gentian 1 oz. ; rub the soap and turpentine in a mortar, and gradually add a pint of water, and afterwards the ginger and gentian. — White. 5. Castile soap 1 oz., salt 1 oz., Venice turpentine 1 oz., yolks of 2 eggs ; mix together, and gradually add a strong decoction of barberry-baik. CLE.'VNSING DRINKS, for cows after calving. These are often applied for, but are condemned as useless or hurtful by veterinarians of the new school. The following are some of the forms in use; ])robably a gentle laxative would be in most cases preferable. 1. Spermaceti, Irish slate, and birthwort, in powder, of each 1 oz., powdered aniseed 2 oz., liquorice powder 2 oz.; in linseed tea. 2. Aniseed, myrrh, birthwort, allspice, cummin seed, of each 1 oz., in a quart of gruel. — McKwen. 3. Juniper-berries 3 oz., birthwort 2 oz.,fenugrec 1 oz., spermaceti 2 oz., antimony 1 oz., saffron ^ oz , in a quart of warm ale. — Downing. 4. Rosin, soap, of each ^ oz., spermaceti ^ oz., aniseed, caraway-seed, of each 1 oz., ginger ^ oz., treacle 4 oz., warm gruel a quart. 5. 1 oz. spermaceti, 1 oz. birthwort, 2 oz. powdered bay-berries, 1 oz. myrrh; in juniper-berry tea. LAXATIVE DRINK AFTER CALVING. Epsom salts 12 oz., aniseed I oz., olive oil 0 oz., gruel a pint, or q. s. DRENCH FOR STRANGURY. After laxatives and a clyster, give. Camphor 2 dr., spirit of nitrous ether ^ oz., tincture of opium ^ oz., nitre 1 oz., gruel a pint. — White. DRENCHES FOR HOVEN OR BLOWN, {flatulent dis- tention of the paunch.) It appears doubtful whether any liquid enters the paunch in these cases. More depend- L 110 MEDICINES FOE NEAT CATTLE. cnce is now placed on tbe introduction of a tube con- structed for tbe purpose. 1. Ginger ^ oz., spirit of nitric etber 2 oz., oil of pep- permint 30 drops, warm water a pint. — White. 2. Liquid ammonia, or spirit of bartsborn ^ oz. to 1 oz., (1^ oz. — White) cold water 3 pints. — Moiboud. 3. Cbloruret of potash 4 dr., water 4 oz., eiber 3 dr. Tbe solution of chlorinated soda may be substituted for cbloruret of potash (Eau de Javelle). — C harlot. 4. Aloes 3 dr., pimento 2 dr., oil of turpentine 2 oz., spirit of bartsborn 1 oz., in gruel or warm water. — Blaine. 5. Chloride of lime 2 dr., water a quart. Administer it by means of a stomach-pump, and repeat in a hour if required. — Mr. Yoxiatt. EHEUMATIC DRENCH. 1. Sulphur 8 oz., ginger ^ oz. ; every third day if necessary. — Clater. 2. Antimonial powder 2 dr., Dover’s powder ^ dr., ani- seed 1 oz., thick gruel a pint; night and morning, tbe bowels having been opened by No. 1. — Clater. 3. Rhododendron leaves 4 dr., water a quart ; boil to a pint, strain, and add powdered gum guaiacum 2 dr., cara- way-seeds and aniseed, each 2 dr., warm ale ^ pint. ANTISPASMODIC DRENCH FOR LOCKED - JAW. Camphor 1 dr. (rubbed with spirit), powdered opium 1 dr., thick gruel f pint. CORDIAL, CARMINATIVE DRENCHES. Drenches for indigestion, and colic without inflammation. 1. In Indigestion : Salt 3 or 4 oz., carbonate of soda 2 dr., ginger ^ dr,, anodyne tincture (below) 2 oz., water 10 or 12 oz. — White. 2. The same : Aloes 4 dr., common salt 4 oz., ginger 2 dr., anodyne tincture 2 oz., water q. s. 3. Carminative. Oil of turpentine 1 oz., tincture of opium G dr., spirit of nitric ether 2 oz,, water 1 pint. — White. 4. Warm Cordial. A bottle of red wine, extract of juniper 1 oz., powdered cinnamon 4 oz. — Leras. DEINKS OE DEENCHES. Ill !). Mild. Peppermint 2 oz., chamomiles ^ oz., hot water 5 pints ; infuse, and give while warm. 0. Chamomile 2 oz., aniseed If oz, ; infuse in hot water, and strain, and when cold add ether 2 oz. — Vatel. DRENCHES FOR BLOODY URINE & RED-WATER. Bloody Urine (,H®maturia) and Red- water are often con- founded, but are ditferent diseases, and require a different treatment. Haematuria is distinguished by the presence of actual blood in the urine, in a state of coagulation, and by great tenderness across the loins. It generally occurs in oxen of good condition. It is to he treated by bleeding, purgatives, stimulating applications to the loins, emollient drinks, and opiates. [Spoonee.] After bleed- ing, give one of the following drenches : — 1. Epsom salts 6 to 8 oz., water a quart, castor oil 4 to 0 oz. — White. Or, 2. Linseed oil 1 pint, gruel 1 pint, caraways 2 dr., Epsom salts 8 oz. (in warm water f pint), tincture of opium 2 dr. Or either of the laxative drenches for red- water, below. 3. After the above, when the pain and difficulty have abated, but the water continues bloody, give — Catechu 2 dr., opium f dr., alum 3 dr., gum arabic f oz,, water ^ pint; simmer for a few minutes, and add f pint of ale. Repeat if required. 4. In obstinate cases : Oil of juniper f oz., oil of tur- pentine 1 oz., laudanum 1 oz,,iu a pint of linseed tea; at first twice, and afterwards once a day. — Rush. 5. Three-quarters of a pint of black beer, and 2 oz. Irish slate. — Knowlson. RED- WATER. This commonly attacks milch cows, and appears generally to arise from the nature of the pasture. Moderate bleeding is recommended, but is less necessary than in haematuria. Laxatives should then be given. 1. Epsom salts 8 to 12 oz., sulphur 2 to 4 oz., carbo- nate of ammonia ^ oz., ginger ^ oz., warm water 4 pints; give a fourth part every 0 hours till the bowels are acted on. — Spooner. Or, 112 MEDICINES FOE NEAT CATTLE. 2. Glauber’s salts 12 oz., carbonate of soda ^ oz., nitre 1 oz., sugar 1 oz., powdered caraways ^ oz., in a quart of gruel. Or tbe Purging Drenches, No. 1, 2, or ;3. After tlie bowels are well opened, give astringents, or mild stimulants. 3. Astringents. Powdered oak-bark ^ oz., catechu 2 dr., opium 10 gr., gruel 1 pint.— Clatek. Or, ^ Jlie laxative drench. No. 10, page 107. — White. This is White’s drench for red-water. No. 1. To be fol- lowed by drenches of whey. Catechu 2 dr., mucilage 4 oz., lime water G oz. — Blaine. G. Laudanum ^ oz., sugar of lead § dr., catechu 4 dr., gruel 1 quart. — White. 7. After laxatives : Ginger, gentian, each 1 dr., spirit of nitrous ether 1 oz., gruel q. s. ; twice a day. — SeooxEn. • 8. Powdered oak-bark 1 oz., charcoal 1 oz., bole 2 oz., in a quart of new milk. — Pye. 9. Catechu 1^ oz., alum 1^ oz., diapente 2 oz., Loca- telli balsam 2 oz., warm gruel 3 pints. — McEwen. 10. Dragon’s blood 2 oz.,rust of iron 1 oz., nitre 3 oz., oil of turpentine 2 oz. ; mix; for 2 doses, in gruel. — Downing. 11. Sulphuric acid I dr., tincture of opium J oz., treacle 4 oz., warm gruel 4 quarts ; daily, for a week. — Blaine. DRINK FOR ACUTE DIAERIICEA. Sulphate of soda, sulphate of magnesia, of each 2 oz., ipecacuanha i dr., sulphate of iron G gr. — Blaine. FOR CHRONIC DIARRHOEA. Calomel ^ dr., aloes 1 dr., gentian 2 dr., opium 5 gr., decoction of chamomiles 1 pint. — Blaine. ASTRINGENT DRENCHES, for dysentery (scouring rot) or lax. ■w 1. After purging drenches : Prepared chalk 2 oz., oak bark 1 oz., catechu f oz., opium 2 scruples, ginger 2 dr., warm gruel 1 quart. — Clater. 2. Two quarts of alum whey. DRINKS OR DRENCHES. 113 :3. First give, blue pill 2 or 3 dr., rhubarb 3 dr., castor oil 4 oz., gruel 1 pint, well stirred before giving it ; re- peat this 3 or 4 mornings ; then give — thick starch (made with 4 oz. of starch) 3 or 4 pints, tiuclure of opium 2 dr., ginger 3 dr., catechu ^ oz — White. 4. Mutton suet 1 ft>, new milk 2 quarts; boil, and add opium ^ dr., ginger 1 dr. — Clater. 5. Cordial Astringent Drench. (After the laxative drench No. 2.) Catechu \ oz., allspice ^ oz,, caraways ^ oz., ale ^ pint, water ^ pint. — White. 6. Decoction of sloes, with prepared chalk. — Tusseu. 7. Decoction of wormwood a quart, gum Arabic 2 oz., aromatic confection 1 oz., catechu 2 dr.; with linseed tea repeated every 6 days for 3 times. — Mr. Rawlings, 8. Sheep’s heart, liver, and lights, all chopped up to- gether.— Mr. Sumner. EXPECTORANT & COUGH DRENCHES, IN HOOSE, or CATARRH. [For Hoose in Calves, see page 118.] 1. Bruised liquorice 2 oz.; boil in a quart of water to a pint, strain, and add powdered squill 2 dr., gum giiaiacum 1 dr., tincture of tolu 4 dr., honey 2 oz. Clater. 2. Balsam of sulphur 2 oz., Barbadoes tar 1 oz., yolks of 2 eggs, honey 4 oz., salt of tartar ^ oz., oil of aniseed 1 dr., elecampane 1 oz., gruel 1 quart: in chronic coughs. 3. Fresh squill 2 oz., garlic 2 oz., vinegar 24 oz.; digest for a day with a gentle heat; strain and press, and boil the liquor with 24 oz. of treacle ; for 0 doses, in chronic cough. 4. For recent coughs : Digitalis 20 gr., emetic tartar J dr., nitre 3 dr., squill 1 dr., opium 20 gr., gruel I pint. T). Boil 4 oz. Iceland moss and 1 oz. liquorice root in 4 quarts of water, for a quarter of an hour, and strain ; add to the liTiuor 1 oz. nitre, cream of tartar 2 oz. In hoose from cold, if inflammation of the lungs and fever be present, bleed before giving the drink. See also Fever Drenches. L 2 114 MEDICINES FOE NEAT CATTLE. If the disease is corniected with worms in the air pas- sages, give tlie following: — TTon/i Drench. — For cough from worms: Oil of turpentine 2 oz., sweet spirit of nitre 1 oz., laudanum ^ oz.; mix, and give in a pint of gruel. — Clatee. DRFNCPIES for the recent epidemic, affecting the feet and mouth, and attended with a low fever. 1. Glauber’s salts 1 Rj, treacle 4 oz., sulphur 4 oz., aniseed ^ oz., cream of tartar 2 oz., warm water 3 pints; give it new milk, warm. The above is for a full-grown beast. 1 he mouth to be washed wiih a strong solution of blue vitriol, burnt alum, and vinegar. If the feet crack, apply a mixture of equal parts muriatic acid and water. 2. Some cattle-masters give common salt in gruel with great success. — Blatne. 3. After a mild dose of salts — sweet spirit of nitre 1 oz., ale yeast 0 or 8 oz. — Blaine. ^ 4. Epsom salts 8 oz., sulphur 2 oz., nitre ^ oz., ginger 4 oz.; half of this to be given in warm water, with 1 oz. of sweet spirit of nitre. Repeat daily. When the bowels' are properly relaxed, and the fever reduced, but much weakness remains, give the following: — •). Ionic Drench. Gentian 4 dr., ginger 2 dr., sul- phate of iron 2 dr., sweet spirits of nitre 1 oz., warm water q. s. ; wash the mouth with the laiion, page 120 ; dress the feet, after paring and poulticing, with equal j)arts of tincture of myrrh and butter of antimony; and afterwards apply the astrinqcnt powder, page 124 Spooner. 0. Linseed oil a pint, oil of turpentine 8 oz., aloes 3 oz., ginger ,f oz., laudanum 1 oz.; mix. For 2 doses, to be given with gruel. REMEDIES FOR THE EPIZOOTIC PNEUMONIA. In tlie fatal form of this disease now prevailing, the fol- lowing treatment is said to have proved effectual: — Bleed Iteely; then administer ^ pint of brandy every 2 hours. Mr. .leckyll gives, in pleuro-pneumonia, when a tonic 13 indicated, oz. of the following solution every 8 D11IKK.S OR DRENCHES. 115 hours : — Sulphate of copper 1 part, water 4 parts ; dissolve, and add aniniouia until it begins to precipitate. MUREAIN DRENCHES. 1. Sweet spirit of nitre ^ oz., laudanum ^ oz., solution of chloride of lime 2 dr., prepared chalk 1 oz. ; mix, and give in a pint of warm grual. — Clater. 2. Cascarilla powder 2 oz., spirit of nitrous ether § oz., liquid acetate of ammonia 4 oz., beer yeast 8 oz. ; every 4 hours. — Blaine. 3. Opiate confection 1 oz., liquid acetate of ammonia 2 oz., water 1 quart: for 1 dose. — Vatel. 4. Tonic. Calumbo 2 dr., canella 2 dr., ginger, 1 dr., sweet spirit of nitre ^ oz., thick gruel 1 pint. — Spooner. 5. Ceylon Bemedy. A small piece of lard the size of a walnut. Said to he used with perfect success. G. To prevent Murrain. Myrrh 1 oz., Epsom salts 2 oz., sulphur 1 oz., liver of antimony ^ oz., diapente 1 oz. : in rue tea after bleeding. — Downjng. DIURETIC DRINKS. 1. Common turpentine ^ oz., ginger 2 dr. ; mix with a little treacle, and add gradually spirit of nitrous ether 1 oz., gruel a pint. — Clater. 2. Tonic Diuretic. Common turpentine 4 dr., ginger 2 dr., gentian 2 dr., tartrate of iron 1 dr.; rub together with a little treacle, and add gradually 1 oz. of sweet spirit of nitre. BULLING DRENCHES. These are strongly condemned by modern veterinary writers ; those drenches, at least, which contain cantharides. 1. Aniseed, grains of paradise, bay berries, of each I oz. ; cantharides in line powder 20 to 30 gr. ; to be given ill a quart of milk. 2. Black hellebore •§ oz., capsicum 2 dr., birtliwort ^ oz., bay berries 1 oz., cantharides 20 gr. ; in a quart of warm ale. — Downing. 3. A quart of milk from a cow in season. — Clater. 4. Powdered cantharides 20 gr., aniseed 2 oz., black hellebore ^ oz.; in ale, gruel, or milk. — Peck. 110 MEDICIKES FOE NEAT CATTLE. DllYlNG DPiENCHES; for drying a cow’s milk. Bleed the night before, and give the drink, warm, in th^^^ morning. 1. Boil G dr. of alum in milk, and strain. — White. 2. Alum 0 tti, bole 2 lb, cream of tartar or red tartar 1 lt>;*mix. Give from G to 9 oz. in stale beer; or in gruel with i pint of vinegar. 3. Roche or common'alum 4 oz., dragon’s blood ^ oz., turmeric 1 oz. , in a pint of ren^iet water, and a pint of vinegar. — Downing. [These large doses of alum, though often given, are not regarded as necessary or proper by modern veterinary writers.] DRENCH FOR THE BITES OF VIPEM. Oliv^oil 2 pints, spirit of hartshorn 1 oz. ; mix. ALUM WHEY. Boil J oz. of alum in 2 quarts of milk for 10 miuutes, and strain. ' ANODYNE CARMINATIVE TINCTURE; and Tincture of Pimento. See Medicines fob Houses. ALTERATIVE POWDERS. 1. Sulphur 4 oz., black antimony 1 oz., ^thiops k mineral 4 oz., nitre 2 oz.; mix, for 4 doses: to be given ^ daily in gruel. ■ 2. AherfHive Tonic. Add to the la|t 2 oz. gentian ^ and 1 oz. ginger ; and' make G doses. FEVER POWDERS, IN INFLAMMATION, &c. 1. Antimonial powder a scruple, camphor ^ water 12 to 10 oz. ; mix. In obstinate cases only. — White. See Liniments. EYE WATERS, OR COLLYRIA. 1. White vitriol a scruple, spirit of wine 1 dr., w’ater a pint. — Ceater. 2. Sugar of lead 10 to 20 gr., soft water 8 oz. — V. C. 3. Sedative Eye Drops. Powdered digitalis 1^ oz.; infuse in a pint of Cape wine for a fortnight and filter : a few drops to be introduced into the eye twice or thrice a day. — Spooner. 4. Extract of lead 2 dr., wine of digitalis (No. 3) 2 dr., tincture of opium 2 dr., water a pint. 121 EMBROCATIONS AND LINIMENTS. STRONG EMBROCATION, for deep-seated straius, &c. 1. Oil ol origanum ^ oz., oil of turpentine ^ pint, sweet oil pint, powdered cantharides 1 oz. — Clater. 2. Olive oil 4 oz., oil of turpentine 1 oz., water of am- monia 1 oz. (For strains and bruises, after the inflamma- tion has subsided.) — White. CROTON LINIMENT. Bruised croton seeds I part, oil of turpentine 8 parts. Macerate for 14 days, and strain. It irritates the skin powerfully: for general purposes it rc(juirGs to be dilutGd witli olive oil, — Morton, MUSTARD EMBROCATION. Flour of mustard 4 oz. oil of turpentine 2 oz., water of ammonia 2 oz.— White! RHEUMATIC EMBROCATIONS. 1. Olive oil 2 oz., strong water of ammonia I oz marsbmallow ointment 1 oz. ’ 2. Neatsfoot oil 4 oz., camphorated oil I oz., oil of turpentine 1 oz., laudanum 1 oz., oil of origanum 1 dr Clater. 3. Sweet oil 4 oz., oil of turpentine 2 oz. Mix White. EMBROCATIONS FOR GARGET, or Downfall of the Udder. 1. ^Oil of elder 4 oz., water of ammonia i oz., Minde- rerus spirit 1 oz., camphorated oil 2 oz. 2. Olive oil 3 oz., oil of turpentine 1 oz., camphor 2 dr — White. 3. Soft soap 8 oz., oil of bays 8 oz., oil of turpentine 8 oz., spirit of camphor 4 oz. See also Ointments below. ’ DRIFFIELD OILS. Barbadoes tar 1 oz., linseed oil 1 Jb oil of turpentine 3 oz., oil of vitriol I oz. or 14 oz (bv weight.) ^ ^ ^ LINIMENT FOR MANGE. Sulphur vivum, or flower of sulphur 4 oz., train oil 12 oz., oil of turpentine 4 oz.: mix. ’ M 122 MEDICINES FOE NEAT CATTLE. LINIMENT FOR SORE THROATS. Oil of turpentine 1 oz., sweet oil 1 oz., water of ammonia 2 oz. — White. BLISTERING LINIMENTS. CantLarides bruised 1 oz., oil of turpentine 8 oz. ; digest 14 days, and strain. To be applied by friction on the skin. — Youatt. LIQUID CAUSTIC. Butter of antimony alone, or mixed with equal quantity of tincture of myrrh. LIQUID SNUFF. Alum, sulphate of zinc, capsicum, of each 1 oz. ; camphor 2 dr. ; pulverize, and macerate in 32 oz. of strong vinegar, and 1 oz. of turpentine; shake up when used, and introduce a teaspoouful into the nostrils, to promote a discharge for the relief of inflam- mation of the chest. — Matthieu. OINTMENTS. BLISTERING OINTMENTS. 1. Resin cerate 1 oz., cantharides finely powdered 3 dr., oil of turpentine 2 dr. ; for setons. — Clater. 2. Lard 12 oz., rosin 4 oz. ; melt together, and when sufficiently cool, add oil of turpentine 4 oz., powdered cantharides 5 oz.; stir till cold: to be rubbed in after removing the hair. — Clater. OINTMENT FOR MANGE, LICE, &c. (See also Lotions, above.) 1. Sulphur 1 Ib, common turpentine 4 oz., mercurial ointment 2 oz., linseed oil a pint. Melt the turpentine with the oil, tind when nearly^ cold, stir in the sulphur, and afterwards the mercurial ointment. — Youatt. Note. — Cattle are easily salivated, aud greatly weakened by it. Mercurials should therefore be used with great caution. 2. Sulphur 1 fti, strong mercurial ointment 2 oz., com- mon turpentine lb, lard 1^ lb. — Clater. 3. French h'uiiment. Olive oil a pint, sulphur 4 oz.; heat till the oil becomes coloured by the sulphur; remove from the fire, and when nearly cold, add 4 oz. of oil of turpentine ; apply w’ith a feather. OIJITIIENTS. 123 4. Lavd 2 lb; melt and add oil of turpentine 8 oz., sulphuric acid 2 oz., sulphur vivum 8 oz. ; stir till cold. 5. Man<]e Liniment. Sulphur vivum finely powdered 4 oz., train oil 12 oz., oil of turpentine 4 oz.; mix. — White. IODINE OINTMENT, for Empyema. Rub together l^dr. of iodine, and 1 dr. iodide of potassium, with a few drops of water, then add 8 oz. of strong mercurial ointment, and 4 oz. of powdered camphor. To be rubbed over the chest every night till it causes an exudation, then occasionallv, to keep it up. GARGET OINTMENT, for Downfall of the Udder. 1. Soft soap 1 lb, mercurial ointment 2 oz., camphor (powdered with spirit) 1 oz.; mix: give first a laxative, then a fever or diuretic drink. 2. Green elder ointment 2 oz., water of ammonia 1 oz. 3. Beat fox glove leaves with twice their weight of whey butter; to every pound add 1 oz. of sal ammoniac, 1 oz. of turpentine, and | oz. of bole; mix, and apply 2 or 3 times a day. — Dow'ning. 4. Spirit of camphor 1 oz., mercurial ointment 1 oz., elder ointment 8 oz. — A’ou.vtt. 5. In obstinate cases. Iodide of potassium 1 part, lard 7 parts. To be rubbed in once daily. — Mb. Spooneb. FOOT OINTMENT (for all domestic animals.) Equal parts of tar, lard, and resin, melted together. OINTMENT FOR ULCERS ABOUT THE .JOINTS. Equal parts of basilicon and citrine ointments. — Clateb. HEALING AND CLEANSING OINTMENTS. Lard 2 It), yellow resin ^ lb ; melt together, and when it begins to cool, add calamine in powder ^ lb. DIGESTIVE OINTMENT. Lard, common turpentine, of eacii 4 oz.; melt, and add 1 oz. powdered verdigris.— White. 2. Boil leaves of black hellebore with an equal weight of lard, until the leaves are crisp ; strain, and add an equal 121 MEDICINES fOE NEAT CATTLE. weight of common turpentine. [A similar ointment made with ivy leaves is likewise very stimulating.] OINTMENT FOR FOUL IN THE FOOT, OR LOW. 1. Melt 4 oz. of lard with 4 oz. of common turpentine, and add 1 oz. of finely-powdered sulphate of copper, stir- ring until cold White. 2. Melt together equal weights of soft soap and com- mon turpentine. — Skekbett. OINTMENT FOR CANCEROUS TUMOURS. Hydri- odate of potash ^ oz., hot water ^ oz.; dissolve, and mix with 2 oz. of lard. CHARGE FOR OLD STRAINS. Burgundy pitch 4 oz., common pilch 4 oz., wax 2 oz., tar 6 oz.; apply hot, and cover with cut tow. SETONS. 1. Common. A piece of cord, or coarse tape; or horsehair and tow platted together. 2. Irritating. Root of common dock; or of black hellebore. .3. Cotton cord soaked in Morton’s cantharidal solution, (page 77.) PASTE FOR STOPPING BLEEDING. Equal quantities of white, green, and blue vitriol, flour, and bole; beaten up with fresh nettles and a little vinegar. ASTRINGENT POWDER, FOR SORE FEET, &c. Sul- phate of copper ^ oz., prepared chalk 2 oz., powdered alum ^ oz., bole 1 oz.; rub together. — Spooner. MEDICINES FOR SHEEP AND LAMBS. These are best given in a liquid form, and should be care- lully and slowly administered. Sheep generally require one-si.xth (or from one-eighth to one-sixth) of the doses given to cattle. PURGING DRENCHES. ]. Epsom salt 3 oz., powdered caraway ^ oz., warm, thin gruel, sufficient to dissolve the salts. The Editor of Clater says that this is the best purging drink that can be used, bor Lambs give a fourth of this, and repeat in G hours if necessary. 2. Epsom salt 1| oz. or 2 oz., ginger 1 dr., treacle 1 oz., hot water 4 oz. 3. Castor oil 2 oz., ginger and salt of tartar, of each 2 scruples, moist sugar a spoonful, gruel q. s. — M‘Ewen. 4. Epsom or Glauber’s salt from I to 2 oz., common salt a teaspoonful, boiling water sufficient to dissolve the salts, and a little gruel. A teaspoonfiil of tincture of ginger, or of pimento, or of anodyne carminative tincture (see p. 73), may be added. 5. Sulphur ^ oz., Epsom salt 1 oz., common salt a teaspoonful, thin gruel | pint. G. Linseed oil 2 or 3 oz., croton oil 2 or 3 drops, warm gruel q. s. /. ior Lambs. Epsom salt 2 to 4 dr., ginger ^ dr., in gruel. — Spooker. 8. For Sheep on the first attack of Small-Pox. Epsom salt 2 oz., ginger ^ dr., in chamomile tea or infusion of gentian, (or with 1 dr. of powdered gentian or chamomile.) — Warnecke, FEVER DRENCH. Powdered digitalis 20 gr., emetic tartar 10 gr., nitre 2 dr. Twice a day, mixed with gruel. — Clater. M 2 12G MEDICINES FOE SHEEP AND LAMBS. TONIC DRENCHES. 1. General Tonic. Gentian 2 dr., calnmbo 1 dr., gin- ger ^ dr,, all in powder; tincture of orange peel 1 dr., gruel 4 oz.; for oue dose. — Clateb. 2. In the last stage of Fever. Gentian 1 dr., ginger 20 gr., spirit of nitrous ether 1 dr., tincture of cardamom 20 drops, in gruel. 3. For Debility and Indigestion, after a 'purgative. Gentian, caraway, each 1 oz., calumbo and ginger, of each ^ oz. ^all sliced or bruised), boiling water a quart; infuse till cool, and strain. Give a tablespoouful daily, with the same quantity of gruel. — Clateb. DRENCHES FOR RED WATER. The pasture should be changed for shorter, the animal bled, and the bowels kept open with the above purging drinks. If these means do not remove the disease, give oue of the fol- lowing:— 1. Epsom salts G oz., nitre 2 oz., bole § oz., hot water 3 pints, oil of turpentine 4 oz. ; mix, and give 3 or 4 lablespoonfuls, (from a horn that will measure that quantity,) shaking the bottle well before each dose is poured out. 2. Powdered catechu 30 gr., alum 20 gr., ginger 20 gr., decoction of oak-bark 4 oz., for a dose. 3. Olive oil 1 oz.. oil of turpentine 1 oz., thick gruel i pint. FOR EXTERNAL RED-WATER. (Vesicles on the skin, containing a reddish fluid.) 1. Sulphur 2 to 3 dr., in gruel, once or twice a day. If it continues, give 2. Epsom salts I oz., gruel sufficient to dissolve it. — Sir James Mackenzie. DllENCHES FOR DIARRHCEA (SCOUR) &c. IN IjA.MBS. [The Purging Drink, No. 0, or a fourth of No. I, should be given before the Astringent Drinks.] 1. Prepared chalk 2 oz., catechu I oz., ginger ^ oz., opium I dr., peppermint water a pint. Dose, for lambs, a tablespoonfiil night and morning. — Yod.\tt. MEDICIXES FOE SHEEP AND LAMBS. 127 2. Prepared chalk ^ oz., ginger ^ dr., catechu \ dr., opium 2 gr., in gruel ; once or twice daily. ;1. A tablespoouful of Calves’ Cordial, p. 117. 4. Compound powder of chalk with opium 2 dr., gen- tian 1 dr., essence of peppermint 3 drops ; in a little thin starch, morning and night. — Clateb. 5. Ginger 2 dr., caraway 4 dr., prepared chalk 4 dr.; mix; give a teaspoonfiil in gruel. — White. (i. In white skit; A teaspoonful of White’s alkaline solution (p. 118) in a little gruel; and afterwards No. 7. 7. Epsom salt 3 dr., common salt a scruple, powdered ginger a scruple, thin gruel 4 oz. Eepeat if necessary. DRENCH FOR THE LATE PREVAILING EPIDEMIC. Epsom salt 1 oz., sulphur 2 dr., nitre ^ dr., ginger 15 gr., in warm water. Repeat half this, with a teaspoonful of sweet spirit of nitre, daily. — Spoonek. DRENCH FOR COW-POX. Mix 3 parts of flowers of sulphur, 1 of common salt, and 1 of honey, into an elec- tuary; give ^ oz. of this daily, in gruel. Keep the mouth and nose clean with vinegar- aud-water. See also Purging Drench No. 7, above. DRENCH FOR INFLUENZA. Epsom salt oz., chamo- mile tea 4 oz. Afterwards give half doses of the Fever Drench, above. — Dabba'. DRENCHES FOR BLOWN OR BLAST. 1. Glauber’s salt 1 oz., hot water 1 oz., peppermint water 4 oz., tincture of ginger 1 dr., tincture of gentian 1 dr. ; every six hours till the bowels are opened, and half the quantity the next 4 mornings. — Clateb. 2. Common salt 1 oz., solution of potash (White’s) 1^ dr., castor or olive oil, 2 tablespoonfuls, water 8 oz. (.\fter letting out the air by a tube or probaug.) — White. DRINK TO PREVENT RESP OR MEADOW SICK- NESS. Pearlash 1^ dr., hot water 8 oz. To he given fjom a flat bottle the second and fourth morning after putting them to keep. — IIolditch. 128 MEDICINES FOE SHEEP AND LAMBS. DRENCH FOR STURDY AND APOPLEXY. After bleeding, 2 oz. of Epsom or Glauber's salts, in warm water or tbin gruel. DRENCHES FOR FLUX, OR SCOURING, OR DYSEN- TERY. 1. Epsom salt 1 oz., hot water or tbin gruel to dissolve it; add castor oil 2 oz., laudanum 30 drops. When it has operated give No. 2. — Blaine. 2. Ipecacuanha 15 gr., prepared chalk 1 dr., opium 2 gr., boiled starch or arrow-root 4 oz. Night and morning. 3. Linseed oil 2 oz., powdered opium 2 gr., linseed tea q. s. Afterwards give No. 4. — Saver. 4. Opium 2 gr., ginger ^ dr., gentian J dr., linseed tea or gruel q. s. 5. Epsom salt I^ oz., hot water 4 oz. ; dissolve, and add castor or olive oil 1| oz. — White. Afterwards give No. G. 0. Catechu J dr., allspice dr., caraway 1 dr., water or beer 4 oz. ; simmer together. DRENCHES FOR DRY BRAXY, OR INFLAMMATION OF THE BOWELS. 1. After bleeding; Epsom salt oz., warm water a pint. — Mr. Stevenson. 2. After bleeding: Common salt 1 oz., water ^ pint, laudanum a teaspoonful. — White. DRENCH FOR BITES OF VENOMOUS REPTILES. Olive oil 4 oz., spirit of hartshorn ^ oz., gruel or arrow- root ^ pint. — White. DRENCHES TO PROMOTE PARTURITION IN THE EWE. 1. A decoction of horsemint, or any other kind of mint. 2. Bruised ergot of rye I dr., boiling water a pint; in- fuse for a of an hour, and give a third part. Repeat if necessary. DRENCHES AND POWDERS FOR THE ROT. 1. .Juniper berries 0 oz., gentian I oz.; boil in 3 gal- lons of water for a quarter of an hour, strain, and add EXTERNAL APPLICATIONS FOR SHEEP. 129 common salt 4 It), powdered ginger 4 oz., tartarized iron 2 oz.; stir; and let it stand till cool. Put it into wine bottles filled two-thirds full, and add to each oz. oil of turpentine and ^ oz. sweet spirit of nitre. Give a table- s])nonful night and morning, shaking the bottle before pouring it out. '1. Common salt 8 oz., gentian powder 8 oz., ginger 1 oz., tincture of calumbo 4 oz., water to make up a quart. — Clater. See the next. •3. To a quart of No. 2, add spirit of turpentine 3 oz. ; shake well together, and give 2 tablespoonfuls at night, before the night’s food is given, and a tablespoonful of No. 2 every morning. Powders for the same. — A French recipe. 1. Dry bran 10 It), salt ^ tb, aromatic herbs (as thyme, sage, juniper, rosemary, &c.) cut small, C oz., green anise and coriander, of each 5 oz.; mix, and give morning and night every third day. The above quantity is for 30 sheep. 2. Juniper-berries 4 oz., bay-berries 1 oz., grains of paradise ^ oz., bay salt 1^ ft, loaf sugar^ft; powder all together, and keep the powder in a bottle for use. Give the sheep dry and sweet hay, sprinkled with the powder. — Lawrence. DRENCHES FOR INFLAMMATION OF THE LUNGS; CATARRH, HOOSE, AND COUGH. After bleeding from the neck, give Epsom salt 2 oz., gruel or linseed tea q. s. DRENCH FOR INFLUENZA. Epsom salt ^ oz., chamo- mile tea 4 oz. Afterwards small doses of digitalis, opium, tartarized antimony, and vegetable tonics. — Darby. ^Vtcmal ^pptuati'on^ for EYE WATERS. 1. Strong. For cloudiness of the eye: corrosive sub- limate 4 gr., spirit of wine ^ oz. ; dissolve, and add water a pint. — Clater. 2. Tincture or wine of opium a teaspoonful, water i pint. 130 MEDICINES FOE SHEEP AND LAMBS. WASHES FOR THE SCAB, LICE, AND TICKS. (The scab oiutments will also destroy them, and are less hazard- ous, and less iujuriousto the wool). 1. Arsenical Wash. White arsenic^ lb, salt of tartar ^ Ih, water 12 gallons; boil for half an hour. — Youatt. 2. Arsenic 2 lb, soft soap 4 lb, water 30 gallons; dis- solve. The sheep to be immersed in this liquid, (the head only being kept out,) and while in it, the fleece to be well rubbed. When taken out, the fluid should be well pressed out of the fleece, and the sheep kept from cold and wet for a few days. — Clateb. Mr. Spooneb says 2 lb of arsenic should make 48 gallons of the liquid. 3. Arsenic 1 lb, yellow soap G lb, pearlash 12 oz., water 30 gallons. — Mattheavs. 4. Mercurial. Corrosive sublimate 1 oz., spirit of wine 2 oz. ; rub together till dissolved, then add cream of tartar 1 oz., bay salt 4 oz., dissolve the whole in 2 quarts of water, and apply it with a sponge wherever lice appear. — Clateb. 5. Tobacco 4 oz., water 1 gallon; boil, and add soft soap 1 It), sulphur vivum 1 Rj; when cold add a pint of oil of turpentine. C. Equal parts of decoction of tobacco and lime water. — Youatt. SMEARING MIXTURE. 1. One gallon of common tar, and 12 Jb of any sweet grease, melted together. 2. Oil of tar is used as a preventive of i\\ejly; but fish oil is equally so, according to Mr. Hogg; and is less injurious to the wool. Oil of tar has sometimes destroyed sheep. FLY POWDER, FOR SHEEP. 1. White lead 2 ib, red lead \ tb, sulphur 1^ Ib, oil of wormwood, animal oil (empyreumatic), or creasote J oz.; mix. 2. White lead 2 lb, red lead 1 lb ; mix, and apply by sprinkling from a dredger, following a stick drawn through the wool. — Clateb. EXTERNAL APPLICATIONS ECU SHEEP. 131 3. Powdered colocyiith 3 dr., black brimstoue 1 th, tincture of assafoeiida ^ oz.; mix. 4. White-lead 4 parts, arsenic 1 part, sulphur 0, ver- milion 3. — Spooner. PO^\DER FOR THE EYES. Equal parts of sal ammo- niac, white sugar, and oxide of zinc, triturated together. It may be mixed either with rose water or honey. Spooner. ASTRINGENT POWDER FOR THE FEET, in the recent epidemic. The same as for cattle. See above page 124. ’ OINTMENTS FOR THE SCAB OR SHAB. 1. Quicksilver 1 lb, Venice turpentine a lb; rub them together until the globules are no longer visible ; then add A pint of oil of turpentine, and 4 Hi of lard. Tlie mode of applying this ointment is ns follows : — Begin at the head of the sheep, and proceeding from between the ears along the back to the end of the tail, divide the wool in a furrow till the skin can be touched; and let a finger slightly dipped in the ointment be drawn along the bottom of the furrow. From this furrow similar ones must be drawn along the shoulders and thighs to the legs, as far as the wool extends. And if much infected, 2 or more should also be drawn along each side, parallel with that on the back ; and one down each side before the hind and fore legs. It kills the sheep-fag, and probably the tick and other vermin. It should not be used in very cold or wet weather. — Sir Joseph Banks. 2. Strong mercurial ointment 1 part, lard 5 parts; mix. You ATT. 3. Quicksilver 1 H), Venice turpentine ^ lb, spirit of turpentine 2 oz., lard 4^ H>; to be made and used ns No. 1. In summer 1 lb of rosin may be substituted for a like quantity of lard. — Clater. 4. Strong mercurial ointment 1 Hi, lard 4 lb, oil of tur- pentine 8 oz., sulphur 12 oz. — White. 5. M/7d. Flowers of sulphur 1 lb, Venice turpentine 4 oz., rancid lard 2 Hi, strong mercurial ointment 4 oz. ; mix well. — Clater. 132 MEDICINES FOE SHEEP AND LAMBS. 0. Lard or other fat, with an equal quantity of oil of turpentine. — Daubenton. 7. Without Mercury. Lard 1 ft, oil of turpentine 4 oz., flowers of sulphur 6 oz. — White. 8. Strong mercurial ointment 1 ft, lard 4 ft, Venice turpentine 8 oz., oil of turpentine 2 oz. If mixed by heat, care must be taken to use no more heat than is necessary; and to add the oil of turpentine when the other ingredients begin to cool, and to stir till cold. — M‘Ewen. 9. Corrosive sublimate 2 oz., white hellebore 3 oz., fish oils 6 quarts, rosin \ ft, tallow \ ft. The sublimate and then the hellebore to be rubbed with a portion of the oil till perfectly smooth, and then mixed with the other in- gredients melted together. — Stevekson. 10. The following once had considerable local celebrity; but it obviously requires to be used with caution. Dissolve 2J oz. of corrosive sublimate in the same quantity of muriatic acid, and beat up the solution with 0 ft of strong mercurial ointment; put it in a large pan, and pour on it 19^ ft of lard, and 1^ ft of common turpentine, melted together and still hot, and stir the whole continually until it becomes solid. OINTMENT FOR DEEP WOUNDS OR ULCERS FROM FLIES. The fly pow'der No. 2; mixed with tar. — Clater. OINTMENT FOR SORE HEADS. Black pitch 2 ft, tar 1 ft, flowers of sulphur 1ft; melt together, taking care that it does not boil. To be spread thickly on leather while warm, and fitted to the head. CAUSTIC ASTRINGENTS FOR FOOT ROT. 1. Blue vitriol 1 oz., white vitriol 1 oz., burnt alum 2 oz., bole 4 oz., honey to form a stiff paste. — M'Ewen. 2. Sulphate of copper 2 oz., water 12 oz., dilute sul- phuric acid 2 dr White. 3. Butter of antimony, alone, or mixed with tincture of myrrh. 4. Verdigris, bole, and sugar of lead, in equal parts, EXTEENAL APPLICATIONS FOE SHEEP. 133 rubbed together into a fine powder. Sprinkle on the sore cover with tow, and bind down with tape for 24 hours afterwards No. 3, or No. 2. — Clater. 5. Strong. Verdigris 1 oz., nitrous acid 2 oz., water 4 oz. — White. 6. Strongest. Eed precipitate 1 oz., nitrous acid 2 oz.; dissoh'e, and add water 2 oz., spirit of wine J oz. White. ^7. Aloes 16 oz., weak^ spirit 32 oz., sulphuric acid 17 oz. ; mix. — Duville. 8. Dissolve sulphate of copper 2^ oz. in II pint of water, and add a solution of 3^ dr. of sulphate of iron jtre- viously calcined, diffuse 1- oz. slaked lime in water, and add the mixed solution ; then add 7 oz. common salt, 1 oz. wood vinegar, and water to make up a quart. [Nearly' the composition of a celebrated French nostrum.] 9. LELOOp’sTerebinthinated Oxymel of Copper. Honey 14 oz., pyroligneous acid 7 oz., powdered verdigris 5 oz.; boil it in a large copper pan until it assumes a reddish purple colour; then add, keeping the mixture on a slow fire, 14 oz. Venice turpentine ; stir with a wooden spatula for i of an hour, and pour it into jars. To be applied twice, at 12 hours’ interval, by means of a small piece of wood, after cleaning the part with an iron blade. 10. White vinegar 78 parts, powdered sulphate of cop- per 10 parts; dissolve, and add 12 parts of sulphuric acid. Apply it with a feather. (A French remedy.) 11. Detersive Ouitment. Durntalum 4 parts, verdigris 1 part, camphor 1 part, green ointment of elder or poplar 16 parts. — Lebas. Blacklock condemns all caustic applications, using only mild poultices and emollient ointments. N MEDICINES FOR SWINE. ALTERATIVE MEDICINES, in mange and oilier skin diseases, and in obstinate costiveness. 1. Sulpbnr ^ oz., Etbiops mineral 3 gr., nitre ^ dr., cream of tartar i dr.; daily, in thick gruel or wash.— Clater. 2. Black antimony ^ oz., sulphur 2 oz., nitre ^ oz. ; mix ; for 8 doses. FEVER MEDICINE. Digitalis 3 gr., antimonial powder 0 gr., nitre ^ dr. ; after bleeding, in a little warm swill, milk, or mash, morniug, noon, and night. — Clater. PURGING MEDICINES. 1. Epsom salts 1, 2, or 3 oz., in broth or swill. 2. Sulphur 2 dr., daily; full dose, i oz., with milk or other food. This may be repeated for 2 or 3 days, in surfeit from overfeeding. 3. .lalap 1 dr.; if insufficient, add 10 or 12 gr. of scam- mony, or 10 gr. of calomel. — White. 4. Jalap ^ dr., sulphur 2 dr., antimony ^ dr. ,0. Jalap ^ dr., Epsom salts 1 ounce. 6. Castor oil 1 oz. to 2 oz., with gruel. 7. Castor oil 1 oz., gruel q. s., Epsom salts 2 oz., siUt \ oz. ; mix. B. Calomel 5 gr. ; but this must not be repeated more than twice. CARMINATIVE DRENCH, for flatulent distention, from sour whey, &c. After using the probang, or where it cannot be had, give — 1. White’s solution of potash (see p. 118) 2 oz., ano- dyne carminative tincture 1 tablespoonful, water 8 oz. 2. A tablespoonful of common salt in warm water, a teaspoonful of mustard or powdered ginger, and a glass of giu. MEDICINES EOE SWINE. 135 THRIVING POWDER, to promote fattening. Powdered teiHigrec, alone, or mixed with a fourth of liquorice pow- der; an ounce daily with the food. Cleanliness greatly conduces to the same end. REMEDIES FOR MEASLES. After bleeding by tail, ear, palate, or vein inside the forearm, an inch above the knee^ give one of the purging drinks, and turn it into the open air. REMEDIES FOR THE LATE PREVAILING DIS- TEMPER, affecting the Mouth and Feet. The same drink, and astringent powder, as for Sheep. DRENCH FOR INFLAMMATION OF THE BRAIN. Castor oil 2 oz., with gruel ; afterwards 2 gr. white helle- bore powder twice or thrice a day. — Mr. Cupiss. HEALING OINTMENT FOR SORE EARS. 1. Lard 1 Hi, resin 4 It>; melt together, and stir in ^ Hi lapis calaminaris. — Clater. ^ 2. Zinc ointment I oz., yellow basilicon 3 oz. 3. Tar ointment mixed with a little soap. MANGE OINTMENT. 1. Sulphur 4 oz., Venice turpentine 1 oz., old lard 8 oz mercurial ointment 1 oz.; the animal to be previously scrubbed all over with a good soap lather. [The above alterative powders should be given at the same time.] OINTMENT FOR SORE TEATS. Soft soap 4 oz camphor (powdered with spirit) ]- oz., mercurial ointment 5 oz. It must be carefully washed off. MEDICINES EOR DOGS. N.B. — The closes required vary considerably, according to the strength and size of the dog, which should always be duly considered. PHYSIC BALLS AND OTHER PURGATIVE MEDI- CINES. 1. Barbadoes aloes 8 oz., antimonial powder I oz., ginger I oz., palm oil 5 oz. ; beat together into a mass. Dose from ^ dr. to 2 dr., every 4 or 6 hours, till the bowels are relieved. — Youatt. 2. The same, with the addition of I oz. of calomel. He directs from 4.1 grains to 2 dr. for a dose. — Clatek. .3. Aloes 4 dr. to 2 dr. made into a ball with syrup of ginger. 4. Aloes ^ dr. to I^ dr., calomel 2 to 5 gr., syrup to form a ball: in inflammation of the bowels, and in worms. — Blaine. 5. Cape aloes ^ dr. to 1 dr., calomel 2 to 3 gr., oil of caraway 0 drops, syrup to form a ball. — M'Ewen. G. Calomel 12 gr., aloes 3 dr., opium 1 gr., syrup q. s. to form a mass, for 4, G, or 8 balls ; one every 4 or 5 hours till the bowels are relieved. — Blaine. 7. Croton oil I drop, Castile soap 20 gr., conserve to form a ball. 8. Castor oil 3 parts, smtp of buckthorn 2 parts, syrup of poppies 1 part; dose from 1 to 2 tahlespoonfuls. — Mr. Y'ouatt’s purge. [Mr. Clark says syrup of huckthorn for dogs should be made with treacle, and the spices omitted.] 9. Epsom salts, from 1 to 4 dr., wrapped in tissue paper, dividing the doses into convenient sized packets. 10. In costiveness with inflammation : 4 to 2 oz. castor oil. — Mr. Spooner. MEDICINES FOR DOGS. 137 ALTERATIVE BALLS AND POWDERS. 1. Sulphur 2^ lb, nitre 4 ft, ^thiop’s raineral 4 oz., linseed meal 4 ft, palm oil 1 ft, or as much as may be required; beat together, and keep in a jar for use; dose, from 2 scruples to I4 or 2 dr— Clater. 2. jEthiop s miuenil 20 to 40 gr., cream of tartar 20 to 40 gr., nitre 5 to 10 gr. : night and morning, made into a ball with butter. — Spooner. 3. Tonic Alterative. Mercurial pill 1 dr., aloes 2 dr., myrrh, benzoin, balsam of Peru, of each I4 dr.; to be divided into 10, 15, or 20 pills: one every evening, for the yellows, after aloes and calomel. — Blaine. 4. Alterative Powder. Aithiop’s mineral 2 to 5 gr., cream of tartar 4 to 10 gr., tartarized iron 1 to 3 gr. : once a day, — Clater. 5. To give a fine skin. Give a tablespoonful of tar, made up witli oatmeal. — Mayer, ASTRINGENT BALLS, &c. 1. Catechu I4 dr., sulphate of quinine 20 gr., opium 3 gr., ginger 1 dr., conserve of roses q. s. to form a mass, to be divided into 8, 0, or 4 biills.— Blaine. 2. Prepared chalk 2 oz., powdered gum Arabic 4 oz., powdered catechu 4 oz., powdered oak- bark 4 oz., pow- dered ginger 4 oz., opium 10 gr., palm oil 1 oz. ; beat well together: dose, 4 dr. to 2 dr., morning, noon, and Right, in the advanced stage of distemper. — Glater. 3. Opium 5 gr., catechu 2 dr., gum Arabic 2 dr., ginger 4 dr., syrup of poppies q. s. ; divide into 12, 9, or 0 balls: in diarrhoea. — Blaine. 4. Myrrh 1 dr., ipecacuanha I scruple, opium 3 gr., chalk 2 dr., carbonate of iron 1 dr. : as No. 3. — Blaine. ' 5. In obstinate cases: Alum 1 dr., chalk 2 dr., oiiium C gr., rosin 3 dr.: into 4, 0, or 8 balls. 0. In diarrhoea, after 1 to 4 dr. of Epsom salts: Pre- pared chalk 1 to 3 scruples, catechu 5 to 10 gr., opium 4 to 2 gr. ; twice a day. — Spooner. 7. Astringent Drink. Boil 1 oz. of logwood in a quart of milk to 4 a pint. A teacupful every morning, in vro- lapsns. 138 MEDICINES rOE DOGS. COUGH BALLS, IN ASTHMA, &c. 1. AJter a few emeiicn: Calomel 3 fp’., fox-glove 3 gr., cream of tartar 1 dr., antimonial powder 12 gr., lioiiey lo form (5 boluses. One twice a day. — Blaine. 2. Digitalis 20 gr., antimonial powder 40 gr., nitre 2 dr., sul[)liur 3 dr. , palm oil 3 dr. or q. s. Divide into 10, 15, or 20 balls, according to the size of dog, morning and night, interposing an emetic every third or fourth diiy. — Clater. 3. Ill old cases, P. squill | gr. to 1 gr., gum ammoniac 5 gr., balsam of Peru 8 gr , benzoic acid I gr., balsam of sulphur to form a ball. 4. Extract of hemlock i dr., extract of henbane 10 gr., p. digitalis 20 gr., conserve of roses to form a mass. Divide into 10, 8, or 6 bulls. One night and morning. — Blaine. DISTEMPER MEDICINES. 1. Turpeth mineral 1 to 3 gr., assafoetida ^ dr., aloes 20 gr., soap 10 gr., syrup of jtoppies to form a ball. To be preceded by an emetic, and given every third day. 2. After bleeding (if required) aud an emetic, give a physic ball ; and afterwards the following 2 or 3 times a day: Antimonial powder 2, 3, or 4 gr. ; nitre 5, 10, or 15 gr. ; ipecacuanha 2, '3, or 4 gr. ; form a ball. If the disease proceed to the debilitating stage, give the Tunic Ball No. 2; in the putrid or malignant stage, give the Astringent Ball No. 1. — Blaine. 3. After the emetic powder No. 1 (which should be repeated every 3rd or 4th day) give the Cough Ball No. 2, from ^ dr. to 2 dr. in weight. And if the dog loses flesh, give equal parts of the cough ball and the tonic ball (No. 1). In the more advanced stages give the tonic alone ; or the astringent hall if diarrhoea comes on. — Clater. 4. Give a third of a paper of James’s powder, mixed with butter, and afterwards warm broth or milk. In 2 hours another third ; aud if this neither vomit nor purge, give the other third at the end of 4 hours — jMr. Daniel. 5. Blaine’s Distemper Powders; which are sold in jiackets, with directions for use. MEDICINES FOE DOGS. 139 G. Ciimplioi' 3 to 5 gr., charcoal 10 gi'., opium 1 gr , aiotmitic infection q. s. to form a bull. — In the malignant stage, with diairhcea. 7. Antimonial powder 3 to4 gr., nitre 5 to 10 gr., digitalis 1 to 2 gr. Afterwards the tonic pills No. 4. — Spooner. PoiKtrc Kusique; a French nostrum. Mix 45 gr. of nitre, 45 of sulphur, and 1 of charcoal. Divide into 3 doses. Give one for 2 successive mornings, and the thii d on the 4th morning, mixed with lard or butter, or in milk. I'm' a large dog a second packet (of 3 powders) may he required. — Habert. Another French nostrum, Flemel’s powder, is of a similar kind. 8. A strong solution of salt, to the amount of ^ pint daily. 9. Powdered tin, sulphur, gunpowder, of each 1 oz. ; lard sufficient to form a mass. The size of a nutmeg to be given twice or thrice a week. EEMEDIES FOR SPASMODIC COLIC. 1. Castor oil ^ oz., oil of peppermint 1 drop, laudanum 20 drops. If it does not open the bowels, give ^ dr. to dr. of aloes. — Blaine. 2. Castor oil 3 oz., syrup of buckthorn 2 oz., syrup of poppies 1 oz. Give from a teaspoonful to a'tablespoouful. — Youatt. 3. Ether \ dr., laudanum i dr., camphor 3 to G gr., cas- tor oil (unless he is purged) 3 to 5 dr. — Blaine. CONVULSIONS. Give Colic mixture No. 3, and apply warm batli and flannel. FOR FITS, OR EPILEPSY. 1. Calomel B gr., carbonate of iron ^ dr., extract of hemlock 20 gr., conserve of roses, or plain oil to form a mass for 12, 9, or G balls. — Blaine. 2. Give the Alterative Balls No. 1, or the pills of nitrate of .silver, as for St. Vitus’s dance. — Clater. 3. For epilepsy of suckling bitches: Ether 1 dr., laudanum dr., strong ale 2 oz. ; give from a dessert 140 MEDICINES FOE DOGS. spoonful to 1 or 2 table spoonfuls every 2 or 3 hours. — Blaine. 4. For epilepsy attending distemper: The tonic balls ; or the pills for chorea. — Clatek. After an emetic : Gentian 10 to 20 gr., ginger 3 to C gr., carbonate of iron 2 to 4 gr., or from an eighth to a fourth of a gr. of nitrate of silver, and ^ gr. of spider’s web once a day. — Spooner. G. Ether 1 dr., laudanum ^ dr., camphor C gr., spirit of hartshorn 1 dr. ; in a spoonful of ale : for small dogs give ^ the quantity. — Blaine. EMETIC POWDERS. 1. Calomel, emetic tartar, of each 1 oz.; vermilion 10 gr. ; rub together : dose, from 1 to 3 gr., dropped on the tongue, or mixed with a teaspoouful of milk. — Clateb. 2. Emetic tartar, from 1 to 3 gr. 3. Turpetb mineral, from 1 to 3 gr. 4. A teaspoonful of common salt. MEDICINES FOR INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS. 1. In inflammation of the lungs: After bleeding and purging, digitalis 12 gr., emetic tartar 3 gr. , nitre 1 dr.; mix, and divide into G,9, or 12 powders. — Blaine. 2. Ditto, with much cough : 'Tincture of digitalis 1 dr., emetic tartar 3 gr., nitre 1 dr., simple oxymel 2 oz. ; dose, 1 or 2 dr. every 3 hours. — Blaine. 3. In pleurisy, with incijiient water in the chest: Digi- talis 0 gr., calomel 6 gr., tartarized iron 18 gr. ; into 0, 9, or 12 doses. — Yodatt. 4. In inflammation of the liver: Digitalis 8 gr., anti- nionial powder IG gr., nitre 1 dr.: divide into 7, 9, or 12 powders, or boluses. — Blaine. f). In chronic inflammation of the liver: Calomel 20 gr., antimoninl powder ^ dr., myrrh, gentian, aloes, of each 2 dr.; mix, and divide into 15, 20, or 25 balls. G. In inflammation of the bowels: After bleeding and a warm bath, give the castor oil mixture (Purgatives No. 8). — Clater. 7. Bilious inflammation (with offensive, often black. MEDICINES FOE DOGS. 141 voniitiug anti purging); Calomel 10 gr., opium 4 gr. ; in 4 or 8 pills — one 3 times a day ; afterwards the astringent remedies for diarrlioea. — Spoonek. MEDICINES FOR RHEUMATISM. 1. After warm bath, and friction, give, tincture of opium 20 drops, ether 30 drops, castor oil A oz. to 1 oz. — Dlaike. 2. Calomel 2 to 4 gr., opium A gr., oil of peppermint 1 drop, aloes 1 dr. ; form a ball with butter or lard : repeat it every 4 hours till the bowels are well opened; and use the embrocation No. 3. — Clatek. 3. After w'aim bath, &c., give 40 drops of laudanum, and a teaspoonful of hartshorn, in warm beer ; and ruh with the Embrocation No. I. — Mayer. TONIC MEDICINES. 1. Gentian 1 oz., chamomile § oz., oalc-bark § oz., ginger A oz., carbonate of iron A oz,, palm oil 1 oz. ; beat them together to form a mass ; dose, 2 to G scruples. — C LATER. 2. Sulphate of quinine A dr., powdered chamomile 3 dr., balsam of Peru li dr., camphor 1 scruple; form a mass with conserve of roses, and divide into 1 2, 9, or 0 balls ; one every 6 hours, in the debilitating stage of distemper. — Blaine. 3. Chamomile I oz., rue A oz,, ginger J oz., (all in powder) ; beat them into a mass with 7 dr. of palm oil, and divide into 12, 16, or 20 balls; one night and morn- ing in gutta seiena. — Clater. 4. Gentian powder 10 to 20 gr., ginger !} gr., cascarilla 10 to 20 gr. ; conserve of roses, or syrup, to form a ball. One twice a day. WORM MEDICINES. 1. Carbonate of iron A oz., ^.thiops mineral 1 dr., gentian 1 oz., ginger f oz., levigated glass 1 oz., palm 011 9 dr.; beat well together; dose, from J to 2 dr. Clater. ^ 2. As much finely-powdered glass as will lie on a six- pence, mi.xed with butter.— Blaine. Mr. Youatt says 142 MEDICINES FOR DOGS. from I dr. to 1 dr. powdered glass, with a little ginger, made into a ball with lard. 3. Aloes, sulphur, prepared hartshorn, and juice of wormwood, made into a mass ; the size of a liazel nut to be given 3 times a week, fasting, wrapped in butter. — Daniel. 4. Tin filings, or pewter filings, ^ dr. to 1 dr., with butter or lard. f). Jalap 10 to 15 gr., calomel 2 to 3 gr., mixed with butter; no cold liquid should he allowed. — White. C. Cowage ^ dr., iron filings 4 dr,, conserve q. s. to form a mass, to be divided into 4, C, or 8 balls ; one every night and morning ; and afterwards the purgative No. 4. — Blaine. 5. Epsom salts 1 oz., common salt 1 drachm; give a small or large teaspoonful daily. 8. Give green walnut leaves boiled in milk. — Mayer. 9. For Tape Worm. Oil of turpentine ^ dr., mixed with yolk of egg; for very large dogs 2 scruples. Some writers prescribe larger doses (1 or 2 dr.) but these some- times prove fatal. — Blaine. 10. For 2'ape Worm. Oil of turpentine and olive oil, of each ^ oz. ; mix, and give carefully; 3 or 4 liours after give 1 oz. castor oil. But see No. S). — White. 11. For Stomach Worms. Give the emetic powder (above) and afterwards a physic ball. 12. Thread Worms. These are destroyed by an aloetic clyster. MEDICINES FOE THE YELLOWS. 1. After bleeding — Calomel 2 to 3 gr., jalap 10 gr., scammony 4 gr. — White. 3. Aloes 20 to 40 gr., calomel 2 to 4 gr. ; afterwards the tonic alterative balls. — Blaine. See Alteratives. MEDICINES FOR ST. VITUS’S DANCE, OR CHOREA. 1. Nitrate of silver 8 gr., ginger 10 gr., syrup to form a mass; divide into 04 pills, and give one or two morning and night. — Clater. 2. Strychnia 1 gr., oxide of zinc 24 gr., assafcetida 24 MEDICINES FOE DOGS. 113 gr., conserve of roses q. s. ; mix very accurately, and divide into T2, D, or G balls. 3. Nitrate of silver 3 gr., carbonate of iron 2 dr., gen- tian 3 dr., conserve of roses to form a mass, for J 2, 9, or 0 balls. — Blaine. MEDICINES FOR DROPSICAL COMPLAINTS. 1. Digitalis 9 gr., squill 12 gr., cream of tartar 2 dr. ; mix, and divide iuto 9, 12, or 15 powders ; one night and morning. 2. Foxglove 12 gr., antimonial powder 1 5 gr., nitre 1 dr.; as the last. — Blaine. 3. Foxglove 1 gr., nitre 10 gr., ginger 8 gr. ; night and morning; then iodide of potassium i gr. to 1 gr.— Youatt. BALLS FOR ENLARGED GLANDS and CANCEROUS DISEASES. 1. Extract of hemlock 1 to 3 gr., burnt sponge iO to 20 gr. ; make a ball, to be given once or twice a day. 2. Iodine 12 gr., powdered gum 40 gr., syrup to form a stiff mass ; divide into 48 pills, and give one or two night and morning. — Clateb. BALLS TO PROMOTE P.\RTURITION. Ergot of rye 20 gr. ; pulverize, and add ginger 10 gr., syrup q. s.; beat into a mass, and divide into 5 pills; give one every hour, or to a small bitch, half of one. — Clateb. TO PREVENT RABIES, OR CANINE MADNESS. 1. Powdered leaves of the Scutellaria lateriflora 40 gr., powdered belladonna 2^ gr. ; to be given night and morn- ing for C weeks, gradually increasing the dose. — Youatt. 2. Infuse a teaspoonful and a half of powdered Scutel- laria in a quart of hot water ; give half a pint morning and night, omitting the dose every third day, when a mild dose of sulphur is given. — Dr. Spalding. 3. Fresh leaves of the tree box 2 oz., rue 2 oz., sage 4 oz., chop them fine, and boil them in a pint of waitu' till reduced to half a pint; strain, and press out the liquid; beat the herbs, and boil them in a piut of new milk to 141 MEDICINES FOE DOGS, half ; strain, press the herbs, and mix the liquids. For a man, give a third of this quantity every other morning fasting; double the above quantity makes 3 doses lor a horse or cow ; tw'o-thirds will suffice for a middle sized dog, and a third for smaller dogs. It produces extreme nausea and distress, and has occasionally proved fatal to dogs. — Blaine. (Svtcntal SlppUcationg. ASTRINGENT & DETERGENT LOTIONS, for wounds, &c. 1. Bruised oak bark 2 oz., catechu I oz., water 3 pints; boil to a pint, and strain. — Clater. 2. Tincture of myrrh and aloes I oz., alum f oz., water I pint. 3. For sore feet: The Lotion No. 1, 4 oz., tincture of aloes ^ oz., water I pint. 4. Nitrate of silver 10 gr., water 1 oz. : to excite slug- gish wounds. LOTIONS FOR CANKER IN THE EAR. See Oint- ments. 1. Sulphate of zinc 20 gr., sugar of lead i dr., water 4 oz. — White. 2. Sulphate of zinc 20 gr., decoction of oak bark 4 oz. — Blaine. 3. Nitrate of silver 1 gr., rain water 2 oz. 4. Sugar of lead ^ dr., rose water 4 oz. A teaspoonful to be introduced, blood warm, into the ear. 5. Mild Canker Lolion. Infusion of foxglove leaves I pint, Goulard’s extract of lead ^ oz. Mix. To be used as the last. — Clater. C. Slroni) Canker Lotion. Goulard’s extract 2 dr., white vitriol 1 dr., alum 2 dr., water ^ pint. 7. Chloride of lime 20 to 30 gr., water \ pint. LOTION TO ALLAY ITCHING. Dilute hydrocyanic acid 1 dr., water a pint. — Youatt. exteknal applications. 145 OINTMENTS FOR CANKER OF THE EAR of 1 dr., sulphur a lard tIz'^'to n"™,’ la, a 4 oz To be rubbed geutly into the crack.-CLATEn 4. i^tronger. Nitrate of silver 20 gr. lard 1 oz Enl them well together.-CLATEn. ’ 0. Levigated red precipitate ^ oz., lard 2 oz.— Mayer. EYE WATERS. 1. Astringent Wash for Weak AJyes.-White vitriol 4 oi-. spirit of wine 4 dr., water 4 oz.— Clater ? fan ^ oz— Blaine. M'Ewi ^ i oz— Q eyes; Laudanum 2 dr., water 8 oz. To be used every morning.— Clater 0. Sugar of lead i dr., distilled water G oz., tincture of opium 2 drachm. In inflammation, after bleeding physic and warm fomentations.— Spooner. t.n‘ng,pnysic, OINTMENTS FOR ULCERATED EYE-LIDS 1 oz. levigated, 10 grains, zinc’ ointment m of nitrate of quicksilver I dr., simar of lead ~0 gr., spermaceti ointment 3 dr.— Blaine ^ 3 Dissolve a drachm of quicksilver in a drachm and v!ith”o oT”f^ “n"? solution well VMth 0 oz. of melted lard. — Clater. OINTMENTS AND LOTIONS FOR THE MANGE N.B.— An alterative ball sliould be given daily and a p ball occasionally. Bleeding is sometimes prescribed A «; a oesTdr v"'' «ranioniac 2 oz., aloes 1 dr., Venice turpentine 4 oz lard G -»p »•; 2. Horse turpemine and palm oil, of each 4 ft. train 146 IIEDICINES FOE DOGS. oil 1 pint. Melt together, and while cooling stir in 3 ft of flowers of sulphur. — Clateb. 3. Aloes 2 dr., hellebore i oz., sulphur 4 oz., lard or train oil (5 oz. — M'Ewen. , „ , 4. Sulphate of zinc 1 dr., snuff § oz., white hellebore 4 oz., sulphur 4 oz., aloes A oz., soft soap C oz.— Blaine. 5. Charcoal powder 2 oz., sulpliur 4 oz., salt of tartar 1 dr., Venice turpentine ^ oz., lard 6 oz. C. For Bed Mange: Add 1 oz. of strong mercurial ointment to C oz. of either of the aboie. , i , 7. Charcoal 1 oz., chalk 1 oz., sugar^ of lead 1 dr., white precipitate 2 dr., sulphur 2 oz., lard <) oz. Blaine. 8. TT^axh for Bed Mange. — Sublimate 20 gr., spirit of Aviue 2 dr. ; dissolve, and add milk of sulphur ^ oz., lime water ^ pint. Apply by means of a sponge.— Clateb. 0 For Ulcerated Mange : Ointment of nitrated quick- silver 2 drs., sugar of lead 20 gr., flowers of sulphur i oz., lard 1 oz. ; mix. — Blaine. ABSENICAL OIKTMENT. Yellow sulphuret of arsenic li gr., cerate or lard 4 : in mange and other skin diseases. — Delafond. SUBFEIT OINTMEIST. After bleeding and purging apply sugar of lead 1 dr., spermaceti ointment 2 oz. OINTMENT AND POM^DEBS FOB PILES. Ointment. — Sugar of lead 0 gr., tar 4 dr., elder ointment 3 drs. — Blaine. . Powders. — Nitre ^ dr., milk of sulphur 3 dr.; mix, and divide into 9, 12, or If) doses. — Blaine. HEALING OINTMENTS. 1. Palm oil 3 ft>, resin 1 fl) ; melt together, and w-hen they begin to cool, add 1 ft of powdered calamine.— C IiATliR 2. Oxide of zinc \ oz., lard 1| oz., balsam of Peru 1 dr. OINTMENT FOE SCIEBHOUS TUMOUBS. Hydrio- date of potash 1 dr., lard 7 dr. ; rub together till perfectly smooth. EXTKEXA.L APPLICATIONS. 147 STIMULATING AIERCURIAL OINTMENT. Mercurial ointment 1 oz., simple cerate 1 oz. A small quantity to be rubbed over the region of the liver once a day till the mouth is sore. — Blaine. EMBROCATIONS FOR PALSY, RHEUMATISM, &c. 1. Oil of turpentine 2 oz., spirit of hartshorn 2 oz., tincture of opium 1- oz., olive oil 2 oz. — Blaine. 2. Cajeput oil 1 oz., soap liniment 2 oz. •3. Spirit of turpentine, spirit of hartshorn, camphorated spirit, of each 1 oz., laudanum ^ oz. — Clateb. LOTIONS FOR STRAINS AND BRUISES. 1. Common salt and cold vinegar. 2. Sal ammoniac ^ oz,, vinegar a pint. 3. Oil of turpentine 1 oz., old beer ^ pint, brine ^ pint. For strains. — Mater. 4. Spirit of Mindererus 4 oz., Goulard water 8 oz. ASTRINGENT LOTION for WOUNDS, SORE FEET, &c.— Bruised oak bark 2 oz., catechu 1 oz., water 3 pints ; boil to 1 pint and strain. — Clater. POWDER AND LIQUID CAUSTIC FOR WARTS. 1. Equal parts of sal ammoniac and savine, powdered together. 2. Sublimate 1 dr., muriatic acid 1 dr., spirit of wine 3 dr., water 2 dr. The warts to be touched with the liquid twice a day. — Youatt. FLEAS. 1. Rub the skin with powdered rosin and bran. 2. Let the dog sleep on deal shavings. 3. Scotch snuff steeped in gin. — Mayer. (This re- quires caution.) CLYSTERS. Astringent. Alum whey. Purgative. The purgative medicine No. 8, with gruel. For Worms: Solution of aloes 2 oz., linseed oil 1 oz. Mix. Anodyne. Boiled starch 4- pint, laudanum 5 to 10 drops, — Clater. MEDICINES FOE POULTEY, EABBITS, ETC. FOR ROUP, POULTRY GLANDERS, AND GARGLE IN GEESE, 1. A saturated solution of common salt. Medium dose half a teaspoonful. 2. Antimonial powder 1 gr., with sopped bread, twice a day. — Clatek. 3. Garlic, rue, brick dust, and bntter, beaten together, and a little crammed down tlie tliroat. 4. For wet roup in pigeons: Give 3 or 4 pepper corns in 3 or 4 days. — Moore. For dry roup; Give 2 or 3 pills of garlic every day. [Some recommend assafoetida to be mixed with the food of poultry, whenever they manifest disease by drooping their wings.] FOR RUMP ROUP, OR INFLAMMATION OF THE OIL VESSEL. — Open the tumour and squeeze out the collected oil. GAPES (OR PIP), FROM WORMS IN THE AIR PASSAGES. 1. Pills of sulphur, turpentine, and wheat flour. — — (Veterinarian, Oct. 1840.) 2. Oil of turpentine 2 dr., linseed oil 1 oz.; or oil of turpentine 2 dr., flour enough to make it into 20 pills. For 20 doses, one every other day for 3 or 4 times. 3. Tobacco smoke. INFLAMMATION OF THE LUNGS AND ASTHMA. Give a grain each of calomel and antimonial powder, daily. PURGING FLUX, OR DIAREHCEA. 1, Change the diet and give whole wheat or rice; and MEDICINES FOR POULTRY, ETC. U9 if obstinate, cram down small pieces of tlie following mass: — Chalk, p. caraway, and syrup of poppies. — Clater. 2. Put chalk in their water, or give forge-water. CROPSICK, OR CONSTIPATION. If the obstruction is in the crop, endeavour to force the contents into the gullet and mouth by gentle pressure. When partially emptied give rue and butter. When the obstruction is in the bowels, give bran and pollard, mixed with a little greasy hot liquor, to which, if necessary, a little sulphur may be added ; or give a tea- spoonful of the castor oil mixture. — See Chipping. PIP, OR BLAIN IN THE TONGUE. 1. Wash the mouth two or three times a day with a mixture of equal parts of tincture of myrrh and water. 2. Rub the sore with common salt. 3. Solution of chloride of soda 1 dr., water 1 oz., honey of roses 3 dr. CANKER IN PIGEONS, Apply burnt alum, mixed with honey. SCABS IN BREAST AND BACK OF PIGEONS. Dill seed, cummin seed, fennel seed, of each 1 lb, assa- foetida 1^ oz., bay-salt ^ lb, common salt;^ lb ; knead them with fine clay and flour. Bake it in earthen pots, and set it for the birds to peek. — Moore. Genuine Salt-Cat. — Sifted gravel, brickmaker’s earth, rub- bish of old walls, of each a peck, cummin seed li fb, bav- salt ^ lb ; mix. FOR FILANDER WORMS IN HAWKS. Aloes, iron filings, nutmeg, and honey; mix, and give a small piece as often as necessary. CHIPPING, IN CHICKENS. Remove the chickens to a warm place. Mix 1 oz. of castor oil with ^ oz. syrup of ginger; mix a teaspoonful of this with a little thick gruel, and force a little down several times a day, so that it shall get i a teaspoonful of the mixture in the course of the day. FOR CHILL, IN TURKEY CHICKS Give ground malt' o 2 150 MEDICINES FOE POCLTEY, ETC. and l)arley-meal in equal quantities, adding a little i)ow- dered caraway or coriander-seed. PASTE FOR WEAK TURKEY CHICKS. Eggs boiled hard, nettles, and parsley, all chopped up, and moistened with wine or water. MEGRIMS, OR GIDDINESS. Castor oil 1 oz., syrup of ginger ^ oz., syrup of poppies ^ oz.; mix with gruel, and force a little down occasionally. — Clater. CONVULSIONS OF DUCKS. Give to grown-up ducks 4 grains of pepper, mixed with fresh butter. FOR BLINDNESS. Foment with warm water, then drop a few drops of the following solution into the eyes: — laudanum 1 teaspoonful, water a teacupful. LOTION FOR WOUNDS. 1. Laudanum a few drops, added to a teacupful of water. 2. Tincture of myrrh and paregoric, each a teaspoonful, water ^ a pint. TO PROMOTE THE LAYING OF EGGS. A little sulphate of soda, placed within reach of the hens, is said to be useful. Warmth, good feeding, with a little chopped meat in winter, are also recommended. To prevent their laying soft eggs, supply them with old mortar, bruised egg-shells, or chalk. FUNGUS, OR PROUD FLESH, FROM WOUNDS IN THE HEAD. Burnt alum 2 dr., honey 1 oz.; mix, and apply twice a day. VERMIN, TO DESTROY. Tobacco smoke, with good food and cleanliness. MOULTING. It is usual to put saffron into the water of cage birds when moulting; others recommend a rusty nail. FOR SNIFFLES IN RABBITS. Sulphate of copper 1 to 2 gr., morning and evening, in bran. — Clater. FOR ROT, OR POT BELLY. Give them young green broom, and bread well toasted. — Mayer. PATENT AND PROPEIETAEY MEDICINES, DEUGGISTS’ JS^OSTEUMS, ETC. This division consists of those medicinal compounds which are excluded from the Pocket Formulary, as belonging rather to empirical than regular practice. It includes m addition to those secret and patent remedies which are usually termed Quack Medicixrs, preparations of various Urugs made according to private formulm; some favourite domestic remedies ; and a few compounds, which, though not empirical, are better known by the names of individual practitioners than by any other title. The supposed composition of some of the secret remedies is given on the authority of Dr. Paris, the Philadelphia College of lharmacy, and others; but without vouching for their correctness. Abernethy’s Pills. The nostrum to which this dis- tinguished surgeon’s name has been used is said to consist of 2 gr. of blue pill and 3 of compound extract of colocynth. Ague Drops (tasteless). A solution of arsenic, probably similar to the liquor jmtassce arsenitis of the Pharma- copeia. Anderson’s Pills. See Pilulae Andersonis, P. F. Other published formulae are — 1. liarbadoes aloes 1 oz., jalap j oz., soap 1 dr., oil of aniseed ^ dr., tincture of aloes q. s. ; mix, and divide into 4-grain pills. 2. liarbadoes aloes 5 oz., water 1 oz.; soften by the heat of a water-bath, and add powdered jalap, powdered aniseed, and ivory black, of each 1 oz., oil of aniseed 1 dr. 152 PATENT AND PROPEIETAEY MEDICINES, 3. Barbadoes aloes 10 oz., black hellebore, jalap, snb- carbonate of potash, of each 1 oz., oil of aniseed § oz , syrup of buckthorn q- s. to form a mass. To be divided into 4-grain pills. 4. Barbadoes aloes 24 oz., soap 4 oz., colocynth 1 oz., gamboge 1 oz., oil of aniseed ^ fluid oz.; mix, and divide into pills of 3 gr. each. Phil. Coll, of Pharmacy. Anodyne Necklaces. Beads formed of the root of hen- bane, and used as necklaces, to allay the pain of teeth- ing. Antipertussis. Dr. Paris states that the basis of this nostrum is a salt of zinc. Arquebusade (acid). 1. Sulphuric acid ^ fb, vinegar and spirit of wine, of each 3 ft, clarified honey 1 ft. — SWEDIAUR. 2. Distilled vinegar, and rectified spirit, of each 10 oz., sulphuric acid, (by weight,) 1|- oz., sugar 2^ oz. ; mix. For the aromatic spirituous arquebusade water, see Arquebusade Water, under Perfumery ; also Spiritus Vnlnerarius, P. F. Aromatic Vinegar. Strongest acetic acid, 1 ft, camphor ] oz. ; dissolve, and add 1 oz. each of oil of lavender, oil of cloves, and oil of lemon. Aperient and Antibilious Pills. See Anderson’s, Baillie’s, Barclay’s, Dixon’s, &c. Pills. The following are useful forms — 1. Compound extract of colocynth CO gr., comp, rhu- barb pill 30 gr., soap 10 gr. In 24 pills. 2. Compound extract of colocynth 2 dr., extract of rhu- barb f dr., compound soap pill 10 gr. ; mix, and divide into 40 pills; 1, 2, or 3 for a dose. 3. Compound extract of colocynth 8 oz., soap 1 oz., scamraony 2 oz., extract of rhubarb 2 oz., oil of cassia .h dr., spirit q. s. to form a mass. Divide iuto 4-grain pills. 4. Blue pill, compound extract of colocynth, of each a scruple ; scammony, and Castile soap, of each 10 gr., oil of caraway 4 drops. Mix, and divide into 15 pills — 3 at bedtime. — Sir B. Brodie. a. Compound extract of colocynth 4 scruples, scam- DBUGGISTS’ NOSTRUMS, ETC. 153 mony a scruple, extract of rhubarb 13 gr., soap G gr. oil of cinnamon 4 drops. Mix, and divide into 24 pills. — JMr. Vance. C. Mr. Vance’s Stronger Pills, with Calomel. Com- pound extract of colocyntb 4 scruples, scammony 2 scru- ples, calomel 24 gr., oil of cinnamon G drops, in 24 pills — 1 or 2 at bedtime. I . Compound extract of colocyntb 1 dr., calomel 15 gr. ^etic tartar 1 gr., oil of cassia 5 drops. In 24 pills — Dr. J. Johnson. 8. Scammony 10 to 15 gr., compound extract of colo- cyntb 2 scruples, extract of rhubarb i dr., soap 10 gr oil of caraway 5 drops. In 20 pills. One or two when required. — Sir C. Scudamore. 0. Compound rhubarb pill | dr., ipecacuanha G gr., compound extract of colocyntb 20 gr. In 12 pills. One or more at bedtime occasionally.— Dr. Baron. 10. The same as Pil. Coloc. et Hvoscyami, Ed. Ph — Dr. PIamilton. II. (Strong.) Compound extract of colocyntb 2 dr., 1 mix, and divide into 40 pills. Two for a dose. — Dr. Lynn. 12. Compound extract of colocyntb 2 scruples, ipeca- cuanba 0 gr., soap 10 gr., extract of henbane 30 gr. In lo pills. -Two at bsdtiine. — Dr, Copland. 13. Dr. Neligan’s Purgative Pills for general use. Comp colocyntb pill, and soap of jalap, of each 1 dr. In pills. I WO when required. 14. (Without aloes.) Simple extract of colocyntb -4 gr., extract of jalap 12 gr., blue pill 12 gr., ipeca- cuanha 4 gr., oil of peppermint 3 drops. In 12 pills. Other formulae will be found in the P. F. See Pilulte Colocynthidis ; Pil. Coloc. c. Oleo Crotonis ; Pil. Cathar- ticae ; Pil. Jalapae ; Pil. Purgantes ; &c. Those which do not contain calomel should be preferred for general and repeated use. Atkinson’s Infant Preservative. Carbonate of mngne.sia 1 "7 -1 oi'“i"'’ 1 20 drops, spirit of sal volatile 2^ dr., laudanum 1 dr., syrup of saffron 1 oz., caraway water to make a jiint. ’ lol PATENT AND PBOPEIETAHY MEDICINES, Bacher's Tonic Pills. Alkaline extract of black hellebore 2 dr., extract of myrrh 2 dr., powder of holy thistle 1 dr. ; mix, and divide into T-graiu pills. Dr. Baillie’s Pills. Compound extract of colocyuth dr., extract of aloes 1|^ dr., Castile soap ^ dr., oil of cloves 15 drops: in 38 pills. — 3 at bedtime occasiouallj*. Dr. Baillie’s Dinner Pills. Aloes 20 gr., ginger i dr., ipecacuanha 8 gr., syrup q. s. Mix, and divide into 10 pills. One daily, before dinner. Bailey’s Itch Ointment. Olive oil 1 fb, suet 1 11), alka- net root 2 oz. Melt, and macerate until coloured ; then strain, and add 3 oz. each of alum, nitre, and sulphate of zinc, in very fine powder ; adding vermilion to colour it, and oil of aniseed, lavender, and thyme to perfume. Baking Powder. Tartaric acid 8 oz., bicarbonate of soda 9 oz., arrow-root, or rice flour, 10 oz. Mix. Delfort’s is said to consist of alum 5 oz., bicarbonate of soda 2| oz., bicarbonate of ammonia J oz., arrow-root 4 oz. Bals.am. See Ford’s, Hill’s, Friar’s, Sec. Barclay’s (Rev. D.) Antibilious Pills. Extract of colo- cynth 2 dr., soap of jalap 2J dr., extract of guaiacum wood 3 dr., emetic tartar 8 gr., oil of juniper, caraway and rose- mary, each 4 drops; into 4-grain pills. Baregian Balls- Extract of soap-wort (or of artichoke leaves) 3 oz., gelatine 1| oz., water 3 oz. ; heat together till dissolved, pour the solution into a warm iron mortar ; add G oz. of sulphuretof lime, and 1 oz. of salt, previously powdered and mixed. Stir constantly till a mass is obtained, and divide it into balls of 2J oz. each. Use one for a general bath, half of one for Si foot bath. Bark, Essential -Salt of. See 'Extractum Cinchonro Siccum, P. F. Bateman’s Pecto,RAL Drops'. 1. Compound spirit of aniseed IG fluicUotinces, opium 1 dr^, camphor 1 dr., oil of fennel 20 drops, cochineal 2 dr. 2. Proof spirit 4 gal., red sanders 2 oz. ; digest 24 hours, filter, and add powdered opium 2 oz., camphor 2 oz., catechu 2 oz., oil of aniseed 4 fluid drachms ; di- gest for 10 days. Philadelphia College of Pharmacy. The old wine gallon is here intended. 155 DKUGGISTS’ NOSTRUMS, ETC. Bateman’s Itch Ointment. Carbonate of potash i oz., rose-water 1 oz., vermilion 1 dr., sulphur 11 oz., oil of bergamot i dr., lard 11 oz.; mix. Bates’s Anodyne Balsam. Soap liniment 2 parts, tincture of opium 1 part. Bates’s Camphoe.ated Eye-water. Sulphate of copper 15 gr , French bole 15 gr., camphor 4 gr., boiling water 4 oz.; infuse, strain, and dilute with 4 pints of cold water. Bathing Spirits. These resemble liquid opodeldoc (soap liniment), and are usually coloured by the addition of some dark tincture. Bath Digestive Pills. Ehubarb 2 oz., ipecacuanha ^ oz., cayenne pepper .J; oz., soap ^ oz., ginger ^ oz., gamboge ^ oz. ; mix, and divide into 4- grain pills. Bath Lozenges (in imitation of Dawson’s). Pure extract of liquorice 1 oz., powdered gum Arabic 1 oz., white sugar 1 lb, hot water q. s. to form a mass; to be rolled into pipes. Battley's Liquor Cinchon.® and Liquor Opii. See Pocket Formulary. Baume de Vie. Socotrine aloes 2 dr., rhubarb 6 dr., saffron 2 dr., liquorice-root 1 oz., proof spirit 8 oz.; digest for 8 days, and filter. The original Swedish form is this; —aloes 9 dr., rhubarb, gentian, zedoary, saffron, theriacia', agaric, of each a drachm, proof spirit 2 pints. BXynton’s Plaster. Simple litharge plaster 16 oz., yellow resin 6 dr. ; melt together, and .spread on linen or calico. Beddoe’s Pills; for Gravel, &c. Carbonate of soda, dried without heat, 1 dr., soap 4 scruples, oil of juniper 10 drops, syrup of ginger q. s. for 30 pills. Beetle Wafers. Eed lead, sugar, and flour; made in W'afer-irons. Bettor’s British Oil. Oil of turpentine 8 oz., Bnr- badoes tar 4 oz. , oil of rosemary 4 dr. ; mix. See British Oils. Bewley & Evans’ Chalybeate Water. Citrate of iron 13 grains, carbonated water C oz., syrup of orange-peel 1 oz. Biscuits, Aperient. An ounce of powdered jalap, mixed 15G PATENT AND PEOPEIETAEY MEDICINES, with 10 ounces of the materials for gingerbread, or other kind of cake. See Gingerbread, purgative. Black Dkop (Lancashire). Fine opium, cut small 8 oz., verjuice 48 fluid oz., nutmegs grated oz., saffron ^ oz., boil together until the opium is dissolved ; add sugar 4 oz., yeast 2 tablespoonfuls. Keep it near the fire for 0 or 8 weeks, then place it in the open air till it become a syrup ; decant and filter. Black Draught. 1. Infusion of senna 10 dr., sulphate of magnesia 0 dr., syrup of ginger 1 dr., aromatic spirit of ammonia 20 drops. 2. Tartrate of potash 1 ^ dr., manna ^ dr., tincture of jalap ^ dr., aromatic spirit of ammonia 20 drops, extract of liquorice 4 gr., infusion of senna 11 dr. See Mistuni Sennm Corap., Haustus Senna?, and Mistura Aperiens, in Pocket Formulary, for other formulae. Blaine’s Distemper Powders. The basis of these is said to be aurum musivum (sulphuret of tin.) Blistering Tissue. Taffetas Vesicant. Powdered cantha- rides is exhausted by etber, tbe tincture distilled to re- cover the principal part of the ether for the same use, and the residue heated in a water-bath till it ceases to boil. The green butyraceous oil which remains is to be melted with twice its weight of wax, aud spread on waxed silk, or any convenient and adhesive material. An extract prepared by evaporating a tincture made with 4 parts of flies, one of strong acetic acid, and 10 of rectified spirit, is used for the same purpose. Bochet’s Syrup, for scrofulous affections. Compound syrup of sarsaparilla, with senna, aud 1 per cent, of iodide of potassium. Brandish’s Alkaline Solution, or Caustic Alkali. American pearl ashes 0 Hi, quick-lime 2 Hi, wood ashes ju-epared by biirniug the liranches of the ash 2 lb, boiling water six old gallons (five imp.), slake the lime, add the rest of the water and the pearl ashes, and lastly stir in the wood ashes; let it stand in a covered vessel for 24 hours, and decant. To each pint add one drop of true oil of juniper berries. Keep it in stoppered bottles of green glass. • 157 DETJGGISTS’ NOSTRUMS, ETC. Er.wdish’s Alkaline Tincture of Rhubarb. Coarsely poivdered rhubarb ] oz., alkaline solution (Brandish’s) d-- fluid ounces. The original formula directs only t oz. rhubarb, but ns smaller doses than were given by Mr. B. are now usually prescribed, the quantity of rhubarb is liere increased. British Herb Tobacco. The princiiial ingredient in this compound is dried coltsfoot leaves, to which a smaller portion of thyme, wood-betony, eye-bright, and rosemary are added. ^ British Oils. Oil of turpentine, and linseed oil, of each » oz.; oil of amber, and oil of juniper, of each 4 oz.; true Barbadoes tar 3 oz. ; American petroleum (seneca oil) 1 oz. ; mix. See Betton’s British Oils, above. Brodum’s Nervous Cordial. Dr. Paris says it contains the tinctures of gentian, calumbo, cardamom, and bark- with compound spirit of lavender, and wine of iron BrocchierTs Styptic Water. Pieces of fresh pine bruised in a mortar, are distilled with twice their weight of water, till half the water is come over. After standing in a wide vessel, any floating oil is to be removed from the surface, and the water kept for use. Burnetts (Sir William) Disinfecting Fluid. A neutral solution of zinc in commercial muriatic acid. Cachou Aromatise. See Perfumery. Cajeput Liniment. Soap liniment 7 oz., camphor X oz., oil of cajeput 1 oz. ^ a > extemporaneous. Rectified spirit 17 fluid ounces, strong water of ammonia 24 oz., camphor 2 oz., oil of lavender 50 minims. Carron Oil. Lime water, and linseed oil, equal quantities. Castillon s Powders. Sago meal, salep, tragacanth, each i dr.; prepared oyster-shells a scruple; coloured with cochineal. A drachm to be boiled with milk, in bowel complaints. Cephalic Snuff. Dried asarabacca leaves 3 parts, mar- joram 1 part, lavender flowers 1 part; rub together to a powder. Boeli’s consists of 2 dr. valerian, 2 dr. of snuff 3 drops of oil of lavender, 3 drops oil of marjoram; mix’ J his IS said to relieve the eyes as well as the head. 158 PATENT AND PKOPEIETAEY MEDICINES, Chambeblaine’s Pills. Common milk of sulphur, and vermilion. Dr. Paris’s statement that they contain sul- phate of lime would probably surprise the proprietor, if not aware that a great part of the commercial milk of sulphur contains half its w'eight of that substance. Chamomile Drops. Dr. Paris states that the nostrum sold under this name is merely spirit flavoured with essential oil of chamomile. A strong tincture of the flowers would probably be more efficacious. Chamomile Pills. We are not aware of the composition of Norton’s chamomile pills. The following is a good form : watery extract of aloes 12 gr., extract of chamomile 30 gr., oil of chamomile 3 drops; make 12 pills. Two every night, or twice a day. Chelsea Pensioner. Powdered rhubarb 2 dr., cream of tartar 1 oz., guaiacum 1 dr., sulphur 2 oz., 1 nutmeg grated fine, clarified honey 10 oz. ; mix: take 2 spoonfuls night and morning: for chronic rheumatism, &c. Cheltenham Salts (factitious). Sulphate of soda IG oz., sulphate of magnesia 8 oz., muriate of soda 1 oz., sulphate of iron 8 gr.; dissolve in the smallest quantity of hot water, strain, and evaporate to dryness by a gentle heat ; or dry the salts separately, and mix. Chilblains, Popular llemedies for. 1. Soap liniment 1 oz., cajepiit oil ^ oz., tincture of cantharides ^ oz. ; mix. 2. Sal ammoniac 4 oz., vinegar 5 oz., spirit of rosemary 1 oz. ; mix. 3. Oil of turpentine 1 oz., camphor oz., Goulard’s extract ^ oz. ; mix. 4. Dr. Graves’ Preventive. Sulphate of copper 10 gr., water 1 oz. ; dissolve, brush over the parts with the lotion by means of a camel-hair pencil, and when dry apply a little simple ointment : repeat this for some evenings in succession. 5. Lejeune’s Balsam. Camphor 1 \ dr., tincture of benzoin 1 oz., iodide of potassium 3 dr., extract of lead 2 oz., a mixture of equal parts of rectified spirit and rose w:ater 4 oz.; mix the above with a solution of 2 oz. of soap in 4 oz. of the same diluted spirit ; mix the whole, adding a few drops of auy essential oil. druggists’ nostrums, etc. 159 G. Sal enixum, alum, and sulphate of zinc, of each 4- oz., water a pint ; apply it frequently. 7. Muriatic acid A oz., Friar’s balsam 3i oz.: mix. 8. SwEDiAUR’s Paste. Bitter almonds 8 oz., honey b oz., powdered camphor ^ oz., flour of mustard l oz burnt alum ^ oz., olibauum i oz., yolk of 3 eggs ; beat lopther to form a paste ; rub a portion of it on the part aflected, moistened with water, night and morning, then wash with warm water, and dry with a cloth. 0; Wahlek’s Ointment for Broken Chilblains. Black oxide of iron, bole, and oil of turpentine, of each I dr. • mb together, and add the mixture to 1 oz. of melted resin CGI lllC* 10. Another ointment for the same : Locatelli balsam i oz citnne ointment ^ oz., balsam of Peru 20 drops ; mix. 11. Bnssian remedy. Dry the peelings of cucumbers, am when required for use soften the inner part with water, and apply it to the part affected. Chino’s Wob.m Lozenges. The yellow lozenges contain 1 gr. of calomel in each with sugar, and suflBcient muci- lage (coloured with saffron) to form a paste. The brown contain ^ gr. of calomel, with 3^ gr. of resinous extract of jalap, according to Gray ; or with 1 gr, of resin of jalap, according to Dr. Paris and others. ^ Cholera Medicines. The following are some of the more popular remed.es that have been used during the visita- tions of tins disease. ° 1. Liverpool Preventive Powders. Bicarbonate of soda 1 scruple ginger 8 gr.; to be taken in a glass of water aftei breakfast and supper. These powdei-s are said to have been used with good effect among the workmen in the mining and manufacturing districts, during the former visitation of cholera. 2. Dr. Stevens’ Saline Powders. Bicarbonate of soda 2 drachm, muriate of soda a scruple, chlorate of potash I gr. ; mix, for 1 dose. 3. Mr. Hope’s remedy. Nitrous acid (redl 2 dr pepiiermint water or campiior mixture 1 oz., tincture of jum 40 minims; dose 1 to 2 teaspoonfuls in a cupful of giuel every 3 or 4 hours, ^ IGO PATENT AND PIIOPEI ETATIT MEDICINES. 4. Spirit of wine 1 oz., spirit of lavender | oz., oil of origanum oz., compound tincture of benzoin ^ oz., spirit of camphor oz. ; twenty drops on moist sugar. To be rubbed outwardly also. 5. American remedy. Equal parts of lard, maple sugar, and charcoal, to be mixed, and the size of a nut swallowed. 0. Remedies recommended by the Board of Health, in premonitory diarrhoea: Chalk mixture 1 oz., aromatie confection 10 to 15 gr., tmcture of opium 5 to 15 drops: to be repeated every 3 or 4 hours, or oftener if the attack is severe, until the looseness is stopped. 7. Dr. Graves’ Astringent Pills. Acetate of lead 20 gr., opium 1 gr. ; in 12 pills. One every ^ hour till the watery discharges cease. 8. Mr. Buxton’s remedy. Twenty-five minims of diluted sulphuric acid in an ounce of water. We have inserted the above, not to encourage quackery in reference to this terrible disease, but because the druggist may be called upon to supply these remedies, and expected to know their composition. For Elixir Woroneje, see R. F. Chirayta Pills and Mixture. Dr. Reece’s Pills. Ex- tract of chirayta 2 dr., dried soda 20 gr., ginger 15 gr. ; mix, and divide into 30 pills. Two twice a day. Mix- ture : Infusion of chirayta 8 oz., subcarboiiate of soda a dr. ; two spoonfuls 3 times a day. Glutton’s Febrifuge Spirit and Tincture. Spirit: The original formula is — oil of sulphur by the bell, oil of vitriol, and sea salt, of each 1 oz.; rectified spirit 3 oz. ; mix, digest for a mouth, and distil to dryness. Tincture: Febrifuge spirit 8 fluid ounces ; angelica root, serpentary, cardamom seed, of each 1^ dr.; digest, and strain. Water acidulated with these and sweetened to the taste, forms a cooling diuretic and diaphoretic julep. Though never admitted into the pharmacopoeias, these preparations are favourites with a few practitioners. Cochrane’s Cough Medicine. An acidulated syrup of - poppies. Collier’s (Dr.) Wine of Quinine. Disulphate of quinine druggists’ nostrums, etc. 1G1 18 citric acid 15 gr., sound orange wine 1 bottle, or 24 fluid ounces. Colliers (Dr.) Cream oe Taraxacum. See Cremor Ta- raxaci, P. F. Collins’s Disinfecting Powder. See Disinfecting Com- pounds, among the Trade Chemicals. Consumption, Popular remedies for. 1. Bum J pint, linseed oil, honey, garlic (beaten to a pulp), and loaf sugar, of each 4 oz., yolks of 5 eggs ; mix ; a teaspoonful night and morning. 2. Breastplate. Dissolve 1 oz. of aloes in 1 2 oz. of a strong decoction of fresh rue ; fold a large piece of soft muslin in 8 folds, large enough to cover the chest and part of the stomach; steep it in the solution and dry it in the shade: wear it on the chest constantly. Cough Linctus. 1. Itose Li/icttis. Confection of roses 3 oz., paregoric ' elixir 1| oz., diluted sulphuric acid 4 dr. and a half; mix: a teaspoonful now and then when the cough is troublesome. 2. Dr. Latham’s Cough Linctus. Dover’s powder I dr., compound powder of tragacanth 2 ^r., syrup of toll! ^ oz., confection of hips, and simple oxymel, of each 1 oz. ; a teaspoonful 3 or 4 times a day. For other Formulffi, see Linctus; Linctus Oleosus; Linctus Pec- toralis, &c. ; P. F. CooGH Lozenges. See Bath Lozenges, above; also Lozenges, below. Corn Plasters. See Emplastrum iEruginis, Pocket For- mulary. Most of the advertised corn plasters contain verdigris. A few additional formul® are subjoined. 1. Galbanum plaster 1 oz., prepared verdigris 1 scruple; melt, and mix. 2. Galbanum 1 oz., black pitch oz., simple diachylon oz., verdigi-is a scruple, sal ammoniac a scruple. Melt together the first three, and add the last two in fine powder. 3. Plaster of ammoniacum with quicksilver IJ oz., soap plaster ^ oz., opium in fine powder ^ dr. Mechanical Corn Plasters. Any suitable adhesive plaster is spread on soft thick leather (buckskin), which is after- p 2 162 PATENT AND PEOPEIETARY MEDICINES, wards cut to a suitable size, and a liole punched in the centre. Tliey are sometimes spread on amadou, or on vulcanized indiau rubber. Corn Solvents. One of the preparations sold under this name is probably a strong solution of subcarbouate of potash. A powder sold for the same purpose consists of subcarbonate of potash coloured with ochre or bole. A pinch is j>laced on the corn, and confined by means of a piece of adhesive plaster or rag. Sir Humphry Davy’s name has been given to a remedy which consists of sub- carbonate of potash and salt of sorrel, similarly applied. The following is one of the advertised Corn and Bunion remedies: — Subcarbonate of soda 1 oz., finely powdered, and mixed with ^ oz. of lard. Applied on linen rag every night: the outer skin to be pared ofi'every 2 or 3 days. It may be varied thus : — Dried soda 4 dr., powder blue (smalts) a scruple, lard i dr.; mix. Caustic fob Corns. Tincture of iodine 4 dr., iodide of iron 12 gr., chloride of antimony 4 dr.; mix, and apply with a camel-hair brush, after paring the corn. It is said to cure in 3 times. Court Plaster is made by repeatedly brushing over stretched sarcenet with a solution of 1 part of isinglass in 8 of water mixed with 8 parts of proof spirit, and finish- ing with a coat of tincture of benzoin, or of balsam of Peru. Custard Powder. See Dietetic Articles. Daffy’s Elixir. This is similar to the compound tincture of senna: but difierent makers have their peculiar for- mulae. The following are some of them. Avoirdupois weight seems to be intended. 1. Senna leaves 3| It), jalap, aniseed, caraway seed, of each 20 oz., rectified spirit 18 pints, sugar 5 tb. Infuse tlie senna 2 or 3 limes in sufficient boiling water to yield, when strained with pressure, 4 gallons in the whole. Add to this the tincture made with jalap and seeds, digested with the spirit for a week. Pour off the clear liipior, and add the sugar, and brandy colouring if re- quired. 2. Dicey’s, according to Gray. Senna 5 oz., guaia- DEUaaiSTS’ NOSTRUMS, ETC. 163 cum sliavings, (some recipes add red sanders,) dried elecampane root, seed of anise, coriander, and caraway, and root of liquorice, of each 2^ oz., stoned raisins 8 oz., proof spirit 0 ft. 3. Swinton’s. Jalap 3 ft, senna 12 oz., coriander seed, aniseed, liquorice root, and elecampane, of each 4 oz. ; spirit of wine and water, of each a gallon. 4. Small senna 10 oz., bruised jalap, coriander seed, and aniseed, of each 2^ oz. ; proof spirit a gallon. Digest 8 days, frequently shaking, and strain. Pour on the remaining ingredients 6 oz. of boiling water in which 2 dr. of salt of tartar have been dissolved ; press strongly, and add the liquid to the tincture, with 3 oz. of treacle. Some recipes add rhubarb, in the proportion of about 4 oz. to the gallon. Dalbv’s Carminative. 1. Carbonate of magnesia 1 oz., syrup of poppies 5 oz., tincture of wood-soot 1 oz., oil of caraway 25 drops, oil of peppermint IG drops, water and spirit of wiue, each ^ oz. Mix. 2. Carbonate of magnesia 2 scruples, oil of peppermint 1 drop, oil of nutmeg 2 drops, oil of aniseed 3 drops, tinc- ture of castor 30 drops, tincture of assafoetida 15 drops, tincture of opium 5 drops, spirit of pennyroyal 15 drops, compound tincture of cardamom 30 drops, peppermint water 2 oz. Mix. — Dr. Paris. Dandelion Coffee. The roots, collected at the end of the year, are dried at a gentle heat and reduced to powder. Some mix coffee with it. Others roast the root in the manner of coffee, but probably at the expense of its medical virtues. The better way is to dry and powder it, and direct it to be mixed with coffee when used. If con- sidered necessary to give it more colour and flavour, it may be previously mixed with a suflficient quantity of roasted chicory, which should not exceed one-eighth of the whole. Darcet’s Alkaline Lozenges, or Vichy Lozenges. Bi- carbonate of soda 2 dr., refined sugar 14 oz., oil of pep- permint 4 drops, mucilage of tragacanth q. s. Mix, and divide into GO lozenges. Dawson’s Lozenges. See Bath Lozenges, above. 101 PATENT AND PEOPEIETAET MEDICINES, Delamott’s Golden Dkops. Muriate of iron 1 oz., spirit of .sulphuric etlicr 7 oz. ; dissolve, and expose to sunshine in a closely- stopped bottle till it becomes discoloured. Derbyshire’s Patent Embrocation for Preventing Sea Sickness. Boil 2 oz. of opium, 2 dr. of extract of henbane, 10 gr. of mace, and 2 oz. of mottled soap, in :{ pints of water for ^ hour. When cold, add 1 quart of rectified spirit, and .‘3 dr. of spirit of ammonia. Deshler’s Salve. This is merely resin cerate. Digestive Pills. See Bath Digestive Pills, Dinner Pills, Baillie’s Pills, Lady Webster’s Pills, Dr. Heece’s Chirayta Pills. Dinner Pills. See Bath Digestive Pills, Lady Webster’s Pills, &c., the following are a few additional formulae : — 1. Rhubarb 30 gr., aloes CO gr., ipecacuanha 12 gr., tincture of ginger q. s. to form a mass ; to be divided into 24 pills. 2. Sir Charles Bell’s. Rhubarb 50 gr., mastic C gr., sulphate of quinine 4 gr. ; in 12 pills. Dixon’s Pills. They consist, according to Dr. Paris, of aloes, scammony, rhubarb, and tartarized antimony. Dover's Powders. The pulvis ipecaciiauhae compositus of the pharmacopoeia. But the original powder consisted of nitre and sulphate of potash, each 4 oz., fused in a red-hot mortar, and afterwards reduced to powder, and mixed with 1 oz. each of ipecacuanha, opium, and liquorice. Dupuytren’s Pommade. See Hair Cosmetics. Dupuytren’s Eye Salve. Nitric oxide of mercury 10 gr., sulphate of zinc 20 gr., lard 2 oz.; rub perfectly smooth. Duncan’s Fluid Extract of Senna. See Extractum Sennne Fluidum, Pocket Formulary. Dr. Dunc.an’s Lactucarium Lozenges. As the Trocbisci Opii ( PocketFormulary)substitutinglactucarium for opium. Duncan’s Gout Remedy. A preparation of colchicum, with opium, &c. Dutch (or IIaerlem) Drops. The basis of this popular remedy is said to be the residue which is left in redistill- ing oil of turpentine. The following is one of the imita- tions of it made in this country: Linseed oil 1 quart. druggists’ nostrums, etc. 105 rosiu ‘2 ft, sulpluir 1 ft; boil together over a slow fire; wbeii combined remove from the fire, and add 1 pint of oil of turpentine and nO drops of liquor of ammonia; stir well together, and ,bottle. Eau de Magnanimite. a tincture of ants, with aromatics. Eaton’s Styptic. It is similar to that of Heevetius, which see below. Eau Medicinale d’Husson. It is prepared, according to Dr. Williams, from the juice of colchicum flower with half the quantity of brandy; mix, and after standing a few days, decant into small bottles. Eau de Cologne, Eau de Melisse,&c. See Pereumeky. Eau de Javelle. Dry chloride of lime 2 oz., carbonate of potash 4 oz., water 2 pints ; mix the chloride with 1 ^ pint of water, dissolve the potash in the remainder; mix the solutions, and filter. Eau de Luce. See Perfumery. Eau de Eabel. See Acidum Sulphuricum Alcoholisatum, Pocket Formulary. Edinburgh Ointment. White hellebore powder, sal am- moniac, and lard. Eller.man’s Deodorizing Fluid. It consists chiefly of persalts of iron. See Disinfecting Compounds. Elixir de Garus. See Pocket Formulary. Elixir Long^ Vit^:. Similar to Baume de Vie, above. Elixir of Haller. See Elixir Acidum Halleri, Pocket Formulary. Elixir Paregoric. See Tinctura Camphorte Composita, Pocket Formulary. Elixir of Vitriol. See Acidum Sulphuricum Aromaticum. Pocket Formulary. For common sale druggists fre- quently keep a more ready and economical preparation, of which the following is one form: — Compound tincture of cardamoms I ft, tincture of cinnamon -3 ft, cinnamon water 2 ft ; mix, and add gradually IJ ft of pure sul- phuric acid. Ervalenta; and Revalenta. See Dietetic Compounds. Essences. Essences of flowers will be found under Per- fumery. Essences of Celery, and other cvlinani essences, will be found, with allied compounds, in another place. lOG PATENT AND PEOPEIETAUY MEDICINES, A few concentrated infusions, and other strong prepara- tions of drugs, not sanctioned by the Colleges, but very generally used, may be noticed here. Lssence of Yellow Babk. Resinous extract of bark J oz., sulphate of quinine GO gr., rectified spirit G oz., tincture of orange peel 2 oz. For Mr. Battley’s preparation, see Liquor CincboiitB, Pocket Formulary, Essence of C.ilu.mbo, Rhubarb, Senna. See Liquor Calumbae, Rbei, Sennte, Pocket Formulary. Essence of Camphor. See Liquor Camphorae, Pocket Formulary. Essence of Chamomile. As a substitute for the infusion it may be made as Liquor Calumba;, P. F. See Chamo- mile Drops for another preparation of this drug. Essence of Ergot. See Essentia Secalis Cornuti, Pocket Formulary. Essence of Ginger. Unbleached Jamaica ginger in coarse powder 5 oz., rectified spirit a pint ; digest for 8 days, and strain with pressure ; or it may be made by percolation. As there is no established form, it varies in strength as prepared by different makers, and often contains cavenne pepper. Essence of Cubebs. Mix powdered cubebs with ether, in a well stopped bottle; in 12 hours put the paste into a percolator, and add ether till the cubebs are nearly ex- hausted ; distil off the ether in a wafer-bath, and preserve it for the same purpose. Dissolve the extract which remains in three times as much brandy. One drachm is equal to 2 drachms of the powder. A fluid extract is also made by concentrating the tincture. Essence of Mint, Peppermint, and Pennyroyal. The strength of these varies as prepared by different makers ; some use 1 part of the essential oil to 3 of rectified spirit, but more usually, we believe, 1 part to 7. They are some- times coloured with the leaves of tlie plant, or of spinach. Essence of Mustard. Rectified spirit of turpentine IG fl uid oz,, bruised black mustard seed 2 oz , camphor 4 oz., oil of rosemary ^ oz., annotto to colour. Essence of Sarsaparilla. [See also Extractum Sarzse Fluidum et Liquidum, Liquor Sarzoe, and Essentia Sarsa- DEUGGISTS’ NOSTEtJMS, ETC. 167 panllffi, m Pocket Formulary. The latter is an elegant and efficacious preparation.] Jamaica sarsaparilla 10 oz lukewarm distilled water (100° to 11°° F.) sufficieut to cover It. Macerate for C hours, and strain. Bruise the root, and macerate it again in sufficient wann water, and repeat the maceration with fresh water until it ceases to 1 let the liquid be mmediately heated to 180° F., allowed to cool, and fil- tered. Evaporate the whole of the filtered liquids by a water or steam-bath, at a heat not above 100° until reduced to U or 15 fluid ounces ; add 2 ounces of recti- fied spirit, and keep it in a close bottle in a cool place for a few days. Then carefully pour off the clear linnid from any sediment into a clear dry bottle. One fluid ounce represents 1 oz. of the root, or 8 ounces of the uecoction. Compound Essence of S^nsAPAKiLLA. Jamaica sarsapa- rilla 16 oz. ; proceed as above, but reserve the liquor of the last maceration for boiling the other ingredients • namely, giiaiacum raspings, bruised liquorice root, sassa- fras, each 2 oz. ; mezereum | oz. Boil them in 4 or more pints of the weak infusion for i an hour, and strain; evaporate to 4 fluid ounces ; let it cool, stirring it occa- sionally and add oz. of rectified spirit in which a few drops of oil of sassafras have been dissolved. Evaporate the sarsaparilla liquid to 11 ounces, and when cool add the other liquid Proceed as for the former. One measure ith / of water forms a near approximation to the Phar- macopoeia Decoction. Essences (concentrated infusions) of quassia, cascarilln cliiretta, gentmn,&c., may be made as directed for Linuor Calumbm, 1 F. Take 8 times the quantity of ingredients directed in the pharmacopoeia for one pint of infusion and infuse them in one pint of boiling water for the time’ prescribed ; strain with strong pressure, and again infuse the ingredients in nearly as much water as the linuor obtained is short of a pint. Strain again with pressure • mix the products, which should measure 18 or l') oz add 2 oz. of rectified spirit, set a.side for a few days in a well- closed bottle, and filter. Some substances, as chiretta, 1G8 PATENT AND PEOPEIETAEY MEDICINES, senna, cnlumbo, &c., yield llieir active princijdes to cold water, wliich some prefer in tLese cases ; but it is tben necessary, before adding the spirit, to place the liquor (in a bottle) in a water-bath, and heat it to 180®, in order to precipitate any albumen it may contain. When cold, filter, and add the spirit. They may also be made by perco- lation. T, T) T 1 Vinous Essences (by fermentation). Dr. D. Dane nas recently proposed to produce strong and permanent solu- tions of vegetable medicinal substances, by fermenting concentrated infusions with sugar and yeast. Further experiments are necessary to determine the value of these preparations, and the best means of producing them ; an outline of the process is therefore all that can be now given. A strong infusion of the drug, usually 4 times as strong as that of the pharmacopoeia, is mixed with lump suoar, usually 3 lb to 7 old wine pints, and fermented with yeast, at the temperature of 70° to 80° Fahrenheit, for 10 or 20 hours. When the action subsides, the vessels are closed, and placed in a cool cellar, about oo°, lili for bottling. Wine of senna, gentian, calumba, cascarilla, valerian, &c., are thus made. In making vinous liquor of opium, the opium is macerated in water for some days. Strained through coarse canvass, and the liquor suhnutted to fermentation. It should be made twice the stiength of the tincture. A new name will be required to distinguish these preparations from the Vina of the -pharmacopoeias, and the latter one from the Vimtm opii fcrmen/aiione parahm of the French codex. Extb-acts, Medicinal. See Pocket Formulary. Extracts of Flowers. See Perfumery, in this volume. Extract of Malt. Evaporate sweet wort to the dbnsist- ence of treacle. It is sold as a cough medicine. Fairthorn’s (Dr.) Mild Provisional Pills. Sulphate of potash 1 scruple, extract of aloes 2 scruples, extract ot senna 1 scruple, compound gamboge pill 50 gr., tartanzed antimony 2 gr., compound powder of scammony 1... gr., Peruvian balsam 0 gr. ; in 30 pills; one, two, or moie, occasionally, when required. Ford’s Balsam of Horehound. It contains the ingre- 16D DHUGGISTS’ NOSTEUMS, ETC. dients of paregoric elixir, with squills, honey, and a strono- infusion of horehound and liquorice. ° Fothekgills (Dr.) Pills. Diaphoretic antimony, aloes, scammony, and extract of colocynth. Godfrey’s Smelling Salts. Sesqiiicarbonate of ammonia resublimed with pearlash, and a little spirit. — Dr. Paris. Franks’ Solution. See Solution of Copaiva. Gelee pour le Goitre. Dissolve 1 oz. of white soap in oz. of proof spirit by a gentle heat ; and add to it whilst still warm, a warm solution of 5 dr. of iodide of potassium in 2^ oz. of proof spirit. A few drops of any fragrant essential oil may be added. Gingerbread, Purgative. Flour 14 oz., butter 4 oz., treacle 8 oz., p. ginger 1^ oz., jalap 2 oz., caraway 4 oz! JMix the powders, then add the butter, and lastly the treacle, previously warmed. Roll out and divide into cakes of ^ oz. each, containing 6 or 7 grains of jalap. Godbold’s Vegetable Balsam. An acidulated syrup, or oxymel, of various herbs. Godfrey’s Cordial. The active ingredient is opium, and there is a great diversity in the strength of the compound as prepared by different makers. Many accidents have arisen from its too general use as a stupefactive for infants, but we believe its sale is now less eucourafred by than formerly. The following are some of the more usual formulte : — 1. Heat together 7 tb (avoird.) of treacle, and 8 ft of water till united; when nearly cold add the followino- rectified spirit (i fluid ounces, oil of sassafras 40 minims, oil of aniseed 10 drops, laudanum 4 oz. Mix, and make* up the weight if necessary lo lb. It contains rather more than 9 minims (equal, according to some authorities, to 10 or 18 drops) of laudanum in each fluid ounce. 2. Treacle ,‘ji ft, water 0 ft, spirit of wine 8 fluid ounces, laudanum 4 fluid ounces, oils of aniseed, sassafras and caraway, of each ^ dr. Mix. Contains 12 or 14 minims of laud.anum in an ounce. 0. Sliced sassafras 2 oz.,‘ opium cut small 1 oz., bruised aniseed 8 oz., boiling water a gallon. Infuse, strain, and make the infusion into a syrup with 14 ft of treacle. If Q 170 PATENT AND PEOPEIETAEY MEDICINES, the wliole of the active principles of the opium are ex- tracted, this is much stronger than the preceding. 4. Make a syrup with 3 lb (avoird.) each of treacle, and coarse sugar, and water sufficient to make up a gallon. Dissolve 24 drops of oil of sassafras, and l(j of oil of ani- seed, in 3 fluid ounces of spirit of wine; add 10 fluid drachms of tincture of opium, and mix the whole with 8 l>iuts, o. m., of the syrup. This is weaker than either of the preceding, containing only 5 minims of laudanum in a fluid ounce, or 1 drop in a drachm. ,0. The Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, to prevent the mischief arising from the different strength of this com- pound, directs it to be prepared as follows: — Dissolve 2^ oz. of carbonate of potasb in 2G pints of water, add 10 pints of treacle; beat together over a gentle fire till they simmer, remove the scum, and, when sufficiently cool, add \ oz. of oil of sassafras dissolved in 2 pints of rectified spirit, and 24 fluid ounces of tincture of opium previously mixed. The old wine measure is here intended. It contains about IG minims of laudanum, or rather more than 1 gr. of opium, in each fluid ounce. G. Sassafras 9 oz. ; seeds of coriander, caraway, and anise, of each 1 oz.; infuse in G pints of water, simmer the mixture till reduced to 4 pints ; then add 6 hr of treacle, boil the whole for a few minutes, and when cold add 3 fluid ounces of tincture of opium. Nearly the strength of No. 1. — Dr. Paris. Golden Spirit of Scurvy Grass. It is said to be coloured with gamboge. Golden Ointment. Singleton’s ointment, according to Dr. Paris, contains orpiment. The ointment of nitric- oxide of mercury is also called golden ointment. Gout Paper. See Ghana Antirheum atica, P. F. Granville’s (Dr.) Counter-irritant Lotions. These consist of very strong water of ammonia (sp. gr., 872, being more than 3 times the strength of the Liquor Am- monia of the Pharinacopceia) ; of sjiirit of rosemary (fresh tops of rosemary 2 ft), alcohol 8 pints : infuse 24 hours, and distil 7 pints); and spirit of camphor, containing 4 oz. camphor in 2 pints of alcohol. The mildvr consists DEUGGISTS’ NOSTEUMS, ETC. 171 of 4 dr. of the above ammonia, 3 of spirit of rosemary, and 1 of spirit of camphor. The stronger, of 5 dr. of ammonia, 2 of spirit of rosemary, and I of camphor. The milder is generally sufficient to produce full vesication in from 3 to 10 minutes. The stronger is seldom used except in apoplexy, and to produce cauterization. Gravf.s’ (Dr.) Gout Preventive. Orange peel 2 oz., rhubarb 1 oz., hiera picra 2 oz., brandy a quart. Digest for a week. Gregory’s Powder. Calcined magnesia 2^ oz., powdered Turkey rhubarb i oz., powdered ginger J oz. Mix. The above is Dr. Gregory’s formula. Some recipes add powdered chamomile, — Rhubarb 1 oz., ginger ^ oz., p. chamomile ^ oz., magnesia 2 oz. Mix. Some druggists ]irepare it with the heavy carbonate of magnesia, instead of the calcined. Greenough’s Tincture. See Tooth Cosmetics. Griffith’s Mixture. This is merely Mistura Ferri Com- posita of the Pharmacopoeia. Grinrod’s (Dr.) Remedy for Spasms. Sulphuric ether, aromatic spirit of ammonia, of each § oz. ; acetate of moqihia j gr., camphor mixture 2 oz. Mix. A teaspoon- ful in a little water when required. Guestonian Embrocation. Oil of turpentine 11 oz., olive oil 1|- oz., dilute sulphuric acid 3 fluid drachms. — Dr. Paris. Halford’s (Sir H.) Gout Pills. Acetic extract of colchi- cum 2^ gr., Dover’s powder 1^ gr., compound extract of colocynth 1^ gr., in each pill. One for a dose. Harrowgate Salts (Dr. Duffin’s). Sulphate of mag- nesia 2 dr., bitartrate of potash 10 gr., sal polychrest (potassa sulphas cum sulphure, Ph. Ed.) ^ dr. ; in a pint of warm water. For another formula see Mineral Waters (Jhctitions), and salts for producing them, p. 187. Helvetius’ Styptic. Melt together equal parts of alum and dragon’s blood ; when cold, powder the compound. Hill’s Balsam of Honey. Balsam of tolii 2 oz., styrax 2 dr., opium ^ dr., honey 8 oz., spirit of wine 32 fluid ounces. Houlton’s Laudanum. Opium 2^ oz., distilled vinegar 172 PATKNT AND PROPETETARY MEDICINES, H'2 fluid oz. ; macerate C days with a gentle heat, and filter. Evaporate to an extract. Dissolve this in b fluid oz. of rectified spirit, and 35 fluid oz. of distilled water. Hooper’s Female Pills. These, according to Dr. Paris, consist of Rufus’ Pill, sulphate of iron, canella, and a portion of ivory black. Mr. Gray gives two formulae — 1. Sulphate of iron 8 oz., water 8 oz. ; dissolve, and add Barbadoes aloes 40 oz., canella 6 oz., myrrh 2 oz., epoponax ^ oz. Make a mass. 2. Sulphate of iron 2 oz., powder of aloes with canella 10 oz., mucilage of tragacanth and tincture of aloes q. s. to form a mass. Divide 00 grains into 18 pills. But, according to a recent analysis, the iron is in aperoxidized state ; probably the sulphate is partially calcined. The Philadelphia College of Pharmacy gives the follow- ing formula — 3. Barbadoes aloes 8 oz., dried sulphate of iron 2 oz. 14 dr., extract of black hellebore 2 oz., myrrh and soap each 2 oz., canella 1 oz., ginger I oz., water q. s. to form a mass. Divide into pills of 2-J gr. each. Hooping Cough ; popular remedies for. 1. Cochineal and salt of tartar mixture. This a]>pears to have been first introduced by Dr. Lobb, in 1705, and is still a favourite domestic remedy. Salt of wormwood (subcarbonate of potash) 20 gr., powdered cochineal 10 gr., hot water \ of a pint ; triturate together, strain, and sweeten with white sugar (or sugar candy). Dose, a teaspoonfiil to a table- spoonful, according to the age. 2. Fumignting Poicdcrs. Styrax calamita and gum benzoin, of each a scruple, placed on hot cinders or a heated shovel, in the patient’s room, every day. Huxham’s Tincture of Bark. The compound Tincture of Bark of the London Pharmacopoeia is precisely that of Huxham, except that he used brandy instead of proof spirit. Issue Peas. Those in general use are unripe oranges (orange berries) turned in a lathe. The unturned berries are also used. Peas are also turned from orris root, Niemann gives the following composition for issue peas: — Yellow wax 1^ oz., powdered turmeric 1 oz., druggists’ nostrums, etc. 173 powdered orris ^ oz. Venice turpentine q. s. These are more stimulating, and are used to iucrease the discharge. The following, according to Dr. Gray, will open an issue itself; — Yellow wax G oz., verdigris 2 oz., white hellebore 2 oz., cautharides 1 oz., orris oz. Venice turpentine q. s. James’s Powder. It is not known in what respect the mode of preparing this powder differs from the pharraa- copceia process for antimonial powder. Dr. James’s spe- cification is vague and impracticable. James’s Analeptic Pills. Equal parts of James’s powder, Eufus’ pill, and gum guaiacum, made into pills with tincture of castor. Dr. Paris has ammoniacum in the place of guaiacum. Another formula is — Compound powder of aloes, aloes and myrrh pill, and James’s pow- der, in equal quantities, formed into pills with tincture of castor and syrup. Jarave, Spanish. Pour 4 gallons of boiling water on 2 It) Itio Negro sarsaparilla, 8 oz., powdered guaiacum bark 4 oz. each of rasped guaiacum wood, anise seed, and liquorice root, 2 oz. of bark of mezereon root, 2 Ih of treacle, and 12 bruised cloves. Shake it thi-ice a day, and keep it in a warm place. When fermentation has set in it is fit for use. Dose, a small tumbler full. Jesuits’ Drops. Walker’s. Balsam of capivi G oz., gurn guaiacum 1 oz., Ohio turpentine ^ oz., subcarbonate of potash ^ oz., cochineal 1 dr., rectified spirit 1 quart. See also Elixir Antivenereum, Pocket Formulary. Kirkland’s Neutral Ointment and Cerate. See Unguentiim Plumbi Compositum and Ceratura Neutrale, P. F. Kitchener’s (Dr ) Peristaltic Persuaders. Turkey rhubarb in powder 2 dr., oil of caraway 10 drops, sim])le syrup 1 dr. by weight; mix, and divide into 40 pills. Dose, 2, 3, or more. “ From 2 to 4 will generally produce one additional motion within 12 hours. The best time to lake them is early in the morning.” Lartigue’s Gout Pills. Compound extract of colocynth 20 gr., extract of colchicum GO g;r., extract of opium 1 gr. ; Q 2 in PATENT AND PBOPRIETART MEDICINES, mix, and divide into 18 pills. Dose, one or more, accord- ing to their purgative eft'ect. Ledoyen’s Disinfecting Fluid. It consists of about 20 oz. of nitrate of lead in a gallon of water. Its specitic gravity should be 1-40. Lee’s Wyndham’s Pills. Gamboge 3 oz., aloes 2 oz., Castile soap 1 oz., nitre ^ oz., extract of cow-parsnep I oz. In pills of 5 gr. each. [Amer. Journ. of Phar- macy.] Lee’s Antibilious Pills. Aloes 12 oz., scammony G oz., gamboge 4 oz., jalap 3 oz., calomel -0 oz., soap 1 oz., syrup of buckthbrn 1 oz., mucilage 7 oz.; mix, and divide into .b-graiu pills. [The same.] Leroy’s Purgative. 1. 2. 3. Scammony .... 12 dr. IG dr. 24 dr. Vegetable turbith. G dr. 8 dr. 12 dr. Jalap G oz. 8 oz. 12 oz. Brandy It) pints imperial. Digest for 12 hours, strain, and add the following syrup: Senna G oz. 8 oz. 12 oz. Water 24 oz. 32 oz. 48 oz. Infuse, strain with pressure, and add Brown sugar ... 32 oz. 3G oz. 48 oz. Make a syrup. No. 4 is stronger than the above. Lejeune’s Balsam for Chilblains. Camphor 1 dr., tincture of benzoin 5 dr. ; dissolve, and add iodide of potassium .5 dr., extract of lead 10 dr., spirit of wine reduced to proof with rose-water 2j^ oz. ; dissolve 10 dr. of white soap in 2^ oz. of the same diluted spirit by a gentle heat, mix the solutions whilst still winm, and add any perfume. Let it cool in wide-mouthed bottles, and cork. Liebert’s Cosmetic. For Chapped Nipples. Dissolve 10 grains of nitrate of lead in 1 oz. of water. A pair of fine lead shields accompany the lotion, to be worn after applying it. The nipples must be carefully washed before the child is ^piit to the breast. Liqueur Doree. Peruvian bark, bitter orange peel, and cinnamon, of each 4 dr., saffron 2 dr., brandy 4 quarts. DaUGOISTs’ NOSTiiUJIS, ETC. 175 ^falagar wine 2 quarts; digest for 4 days, strain, and add 2j !l) of sugar. [^Liqueurs which are not medicated, but merely alcoholic drams, do not come within the plan of this work.] Liston’s Isingl.vss Plasteh. Soak 1 oz. of isinglass in- 2 oz. of water, and dissolve it in 2 oz. of rectified spirit and 1^ oz. of water, by the heat of a water-bath. Brash it over the surface of oiled silk, properly stretched. An improved kind is made by brushing one side of the peri- toneal membrane of the caecum of the ox (prepared in the same manner as gold beaters’ skin) with the same solu- tion, and the other side with drying oil. Long’s (St. John) Liniment. See Linimentum Tere- binthiuae Aceticum, Pocket Formulary. Lozenges. See Ching’s Lozenges, Dawson’s, Darcet’s. The medicated lozenges which are sanctioned by the Pharmacopoeias, and employed in practice, will be found under Trochisci and Pasta, in the Pocket Formulary. A few other formulae are here added: — Absorbent Lozenges. Precipitated chtilk 3 oz., heavy carbo- nate of magnesia 2 oz., nutmeg in fine powder 1 dr., sugar C oz., powdered gum 1 oz., water q. s. to form a stiff paste, which divide by a punch into lozenges of the usual size, and dry them gradually in a warm room. Aperient Lozenges. Calomel GO gr., pure scammony 80gr., jalap 40 gr. (or jalapine 4 gr.), ginger 8 gr., cinnamon 4 gr., mucilage of tragacanth q. s. to form a stilf paste ; mix the other powders accurately together, then, with the sugar, lastly add the mucilage, and beat the whole into an uniform mass, and divide it into 40 equal lozenges. Each contains 1^ gr. calomel, 2 of scammony, and 1 of jalap. Black Currant Paste. Soften 12 lb of picked blackcur- rants by heating them in a water-bath, in a covered earthen vessel, pulp through a hair-sieve, and evaporate to a paste, incorporating with it 1 lb powdereil sugar; roll it out into a sheet of proper thickness. Mr. Bartlett gives the following formula:— 3 lb of powdered sugar, 3 lb of extract of black currants (the inspissated juice), 1 oz. tartaric acid, 0 oz. of powdered gum; mixed, rolled 176 PATENT AND PEOPBIETAET MEDICINES. out, and cut, when dry, with a large pair of scissors into square pieces. Black Currant and Ipecacuanha Lozenges. Black currant paste (as above) 8 oz., ipecacuanha 30 gr., tragacauth 90 gr. ; iu 240 lozenges. Cough Lozenges {with Lactucarium). Powdered lactuca- riura 2 dr., extract of liquorice-root 12 dr., ipecacuanha 30 gr., powdered squill 15 gr., refined sugar 6 oz., muci- lage of tragacanth q. s. ; mix, and divide into 240 equal lozenges. Each contains ^ gr. lactucarium, ^ gr. of ipe- cacuanha gr. of squill. For other Cough Lozenges, see Trochisci Antica- tarrhales, Glycyrrhizse et Opii, Lactucae, Morphias et Ipecac., Opii, Papaveris, Pectorales, Scillae, Tolutani, &c., Pocket Formulary. Digestive or Live-long Candy. 1. Powdered rhubarb CO gr., heavy magnesia 1 oz., bicarbonate of soda 1 dr., finely- powdered ginger 20 gr., cinnamon powder 15 gr., pow- dered white sugar 2 oz., mucilage of tragacanth q. s. ; beat together, and divide into parallelograms of 20 gr. each. 2. Caraway Candy. Rhubarb 60 gr., powdered cara- way 60 gr., oil of caraw'ay 10 drops, ginger and cinnamon, each 15 gr., magnesia 0 dr., carbonate of soda 1 dr., sugar 2 oz., mucilage as the last. Edinburgh Lozenges. Extract of poppies 2 oz., powdered sugar 8 oz., powdered tragacauth 4 oz., water q. s. Fruit Lozenges. Black currant paste 8 oz., red currant paste (or the juice evaporated to a paste) 4 oz., syrup of raspberries 4 oz. ; soften by a gentle heat, and beat in a warm mortar with 2 tb of powdered sugar, and a drachm of powdered citric acid, and, if required, a little mucilage of gum tragacanth. Lynch’s Embrocation. Olive oil coloured with alkanet, perfumed, and rendered stimulating by essential oils. Madden’s Essence. A strongly-acidulated infusion of roses, Mahomed’s Electuary. Grocers’ currants 1 oz., pow- dered senna § oz., powdered ginger 30 gr., oil of croton 1 drop, syrup of roses sufficient to make an electuary; two teaspoonfuls every morning. — Bateman. ERXTQGIST3’ JSrOSTRUMS, ETC. 177 Mary’s Plaster (American). Boil 1‘2 oz. of white lead, 32 Huid ounces of olive oil, and a little water, stirring constantly until incorporated. Add yellow wax 4 oz., lead plaster 18 oz., and when these are melted stir in !) oz. of pow'dered orris. Maredant’s Norton’s Drops. Corrosive sublimate, gen- tian, ginger, and cochineal. Marshall’s Cerate. Palm oil 5 oz., calomel 1 oz., acetate of lead 4 oz., ointment of nitrate of mercury 2 oz.; mix. — Dr. Paris. Marshall’s Eye-drops. These are said to consist of 2 gr. of nitrate of silver in 1 oz. of decoction of snails. Marsden’s Antiscorbutic Drops, Morton’s, Perry’s, Lig- umn’s, and other antiscorbutic drops, contain corrosive sublimate. — Dr. Paris. Magnesia, Fluid. A solution of carbonate of magnesia in water by means of carbonic acid gas, forced into it by pressure. Murray’s and Dinneford’s should contain from 12 to 1.5 gr. of the carbonate in each fluid oz. See Liquor Magnesiae Carbonatis, Pocket Formulary. M.vthieu’s Vermifuge. Tin filings 1 oz., fern root J oz., worm seed ^ oz., resinous extract of jalap 1 dr., sulphate of potash 1 dr., honey to form an electuary. A teaspoon- ful every 3 hours for 2 days: then substitute the following — jalap 2 scruples, sulphate of potasli 2 scruples, scam- mony 1 scruple, gamboge 10 gr. ; made into an electuary with honey, and given in the same dose. Mineral Waters, (Factitious), and Salts for pro- ducing them. See below, p. 187. Montein’s Barege Balls (for Sulphur Baths). Sulphate of lime 8 oz., common salt 2 oz., Flanders glue 1 oz., extract of soapwort 1 oz. ; ,make into 8 balls; to be kept from the air. M. Meni'^re recommends, — extract of soapwort oz., water 0 oz., lime in powder 4 oz., sulphur 3 oz., gelatine 1 oz. ; dissolve the extract and gelatine in the water, add the lime and sulphur, heat gently, stirring it constantly, till the mass gets detached from the sides of the vessel ; tlien form it into balls of 1,;^ oz. each. Morrison's Pills, No. 1, consist of equal parts of aloes and 178 PATENT AND PEOPEIETAEY MEDICINES, cream of tartar. No 2 consist of 2 parts of gamboge, 3 of aloes, 1 of coloeyntli, and 4 of cream of tartar; made into pills with syrup. Moiirison’s Adhesive Paste, for ring-worm. See Pasta Adliesiva, Pocket Formulary. Moseley’s Pills. Turkey rhubarb GO gr., Jamaica ginger 24 gr., syrup and tincture of rhubarb q. s. to form a mass, to be divided iuto 24 pills. Moxon’s Effervescing Magnesian Aperient. The composition, we believe, has not been made public, but the following have been proposed as imitations : — 1. Heavy carbonate of magnesia 2 lb, bicarbonate of soda 1 lb, tartaric acid It), refined sugar ^ lb, essence of lemon 40 minims; the powders to be all separately dried at a moderate temperature. 2. Sulphate of magnesia 1 lb, bicarbonate of soda 1 ft, tartaric acid ^ tb ; the ingredients to be well dried sepa- rately, at a moderate temperature. (Pharmaceutical Journal.) 3. Carbonate of magnesia 1 fb, sulphate of magnesia 2 lb, bicarbonate of soda 2 tb, potassio-tartrate of soda 2 lb, tartaric acid 2 tb; to be separately dried, and mixed. — -M. Durande. Murray’s (Sir J.) Fluid Camphor. Each ounce contains 3 gr. of camphor, and G gr. of carbonate of magnesia, dis- solved by carbonic acid, by pressure. Murray’s Gout Specific. It contains iodide of potassium, sulphate of magnesia, and an aromatic tincture. (Pharm. Journal.) Norris’s Drops. A solution of taitarized antimony, with a tincture of some vegetable substances, not ascertained. Nouffleur's (Madame) Worm Medicine. Powdered fern 3 dr., to be given in the morning (the patient being pre- pared by an emollient clyster, and a supper of panada) ; followed in 2 hours by a bolus of calomel, scammony, and gamboge. Ollivier’s Biscuits. Beat up the white of 2 eggs with 16 07.. of water, and add a solution of 7G gr. of corrosive sublimate; collect, wash, and dry the precipitate, l-7th of a gr. of which is contained in each biscuit of 2 drachms. 179 DETTGGISTS’ KOSTEUMS, ETC. OiiMSKiUK Medicine, to prevent hydrophobia. Elecnin- piine 1 dr., clialk 4 dr., Armenian bole 3 dr., alum 10 grains, oil of aniseed 5 drops. P.\LAMOUD. See Dietetic Compounds. Palmer s Aerated CH.i.LyBEATE. Mix 1^ parts of acetic acid with 40 of water, add 4 of proto-sulphate of iron, and 20 of syrup. Put into 4-ounce bottles, for No. 1 and No. 2 respectively, as much of the above as contains 2 and 4 gr. of sulphate of iron, and fill the bottles with a solution of carbonate of soda or of potash strongly charged with carbonic acid gas. Tai-taric acid may be substituted for acetic. Papier Epipastique d’Albespeyres. Tlie Pomwnde Epqmstique of the French codex, spread on waxed paper. See Unguentuin Epipasticum, Pocket Formulary. Papier Epipastique, de Ve'e. This is of three strengths, distinguished by the colours, white, green, and red. The composition is made by boiling cantharides for an hour with water, and lard, green ointment, or lard coloured with alkanet; adding wliite wax to the strained fats, and spreading on paper, silk, or linen. No. 1 is made with 10 07.. of cantharides to 4 lb of lard; No. 2, of 1ft, of flies to 8 lb of green ointment; and No. 3, of 1| lb to 8 lb of coloured lard ; and to eacli are added 2 lb of white wax. — Dorvault. Papier Fayard. Gout Paper. Eupliorbium 3 dr., cnn- tharides 0 dr., powdered and digested with 4 oz. alcohol ; and 3 dr. Venice turpentine added to the strained tincture’. Fine paper is dipped into it and dried in the air. Mohr directs 4 dr. of cantharides and 1 dr. eupliorbium to he digested in 5 oz. of highly rectified .spirit; filler, and add 1^ Venice turpentine previously liquefied with 2 oz. of resin. To be spread on the paper while warm. Pelletier’s Ethereal Opodeldoc. See Balsamum Acc- ticum Camphoratum, Pocket Formulary. Peter s Pills. Aloes, jalap, gamboge, and scammony, of each 2 dr. ; calomel 1 dr. Piles, popular remedies for. Dr. Wardleworth’s Pills contain 3^ gr. of pitch in each; 2 every night. For Electuaries for piles see Coufectio Kesinm, Confectio 180 PATENT AND rBOPKIETABY MEDICINES. Siilpburis Composita, Electiiarinm Ilaemorrlioiflale, Elec- tnnriiim Sulphiiris Compositiim, in I’ocket Forimilary. See also Ward’s Paste, below. For Pile Ointments see Ungiientiim Gnllse, Uiiguentnm Gallie Compositiim, Uiigneiitum Gallee et Opii, Unguentiim HeemoiTboidnle, Pocket Formulary. Sir H. Halford’s Pile Ointment consists of equal parts of citrine ointment and oil of almonds triturated in a glass mortar till perfectly smooth. Mr. Ware’s is — Powdered nut-gall dr., camjibor 1 dr., melted wax 1 oz., tincture of opium 2 dr. Mix. Pills. See proprietors’ names in alphabetical order. A great variety of formulee for pills of every kind will be found in the Pocket Formulary. Pills, to coat, with Gelatine. 7 See Pilulse, Pocket , TO SILVER ( Formulary. M. Durden recommends collodion as a covering for pills: others, a solution of giitta percha in chloroform: but their ready solubility in the stomach may be ques- tioned. Plunket’s Ointment for Cancer. White arsenic, sul- phur, powdered flowers of lesser spearwort and slinking chamomile, levigated together, and formed into a paste M ith white of egg. PoMMADE Divine. Beef marrow .2 fh ; put it into an earthen vessel, and cover it with cold water, and change the water daily for a few days, using rose water the last day. Pour off and press out the water; add to the mar- row 4 oz. each of styrax, benzoin, and Chio turpentine, 1 oz. of orris powder, ^ oz. each of powdered cinnamon, cloves, and nutmeg. Set the vessel in hot water, and keep the water boiling for 3 hours ; then strain. For Pomades for the Hair, see Hair Cosmetics, after Per- fumery, Portland (Duke of) Gout Powder. Equal quantities of the roots of gentian and birthwort, tops of germander, ground pine, and lesser centaury ; all to be powdered and mixed together. Queen of Hungary’s Water. Tops and flowers of rose- mary 2 R), rectified spirit 3 lt> ; digest in a close vessel for 50 hours in a gentle heat, then distil by water- bath. druggists’ nostrums, etc. ISl Quinine and Camphor Pills. See Pilulae Quinse et Ciiui{(lioi£e, Pocket Foimiilarv. Eaucliffes Elixir. Aloes (i Jr., cinnamou, zedoary, and cochineal, each ^ dr., rhubarb 1 dr., syrup of biickihorn 2 oz., proof spirit 1(5 fluid oz., water 5 fluid oz.— Dr. Paris. According to Gr.ay, it contains jalap, scammony, and senna. Easpail 8 Camphor Cigarettes. These are merely cani' phor enclosed in a tube, (a (|uill or paper tube may be used,) confined by blotting paper, and used cold. Another kind of camphorated cigars is made by saturating dried coltsfoot or other leaves with a strong solution of cam- phor, and rolling them in the form of cigars. Eeece’s Chirayta Pills. Extract of chirayta 2 dr., dried carbonate of soda 1 scruple, p. ginger lo gr. Mix, and divide into 30 pills. Two twice a day. Eegnauld’s Pectoral Paste. Pectoral flowers (mullein, coltsfoot, catsfoot, and red poppies mixed) 10 oz, boiling water 3 tb ; infuse, strain, and add to the clear liquor 0 ft of clean gum Arabic; dissolve by a gentle heat, and eva- porate to a proper consistence, adding towards the end 0 dr. of tincture of balsam of Tolu. Eeynold’s Gout Specific. It is supposed to be a wine of colchicnm. Eevelenta. It is said to be prepared from the seeds of the ervum lens. See Dietetic Articles. Eobinson’s (Dr.) Stimulating Purgative Pills. Watery extract of aloes 1 dr., balsam of Peru 10 gr., oil caraway 10 drops, scammony A dr. Mix, and divide into 20 pills; 2 or 3 when required. Eoche’s Embrocation. Olive oil, with half its weight of 011 of cloves and oil of amber. — Dr. Paris. Eoge’s Magnesian Purgative. Calcined magnesia 1 oz., carbonate of mi%nesia ^ oz., citric acid 3|- oz., sugar, rubbed with a few drops of essence of lemon, (i^J- oz. °To form Aerated Magnesian Lemonade, put of the powder into a soda water bottle nearly filled with water, and cork it securely. Eousseau’s Drops. See Vinum Opii Fermentatione Para- tum, P. F. R 182 PATENT AND PEOPKIETART MEDICINES. Ruspini’8 Styptic. It contains (according to Dr. A. T. Thomson) gallic acid, sulphate of zinc, spirit, and rose water. Ryan’s Essence of Coltsfoot. Tincture of balsam of tolu 2 oz., compound tincture of benzoin 2 oz., spirit of wine 4 oz. — Gray. Rymer’s Tincture. A tincture of capsicum, camphor, cardamom, rhubarb, aloes, and castor, in proof spirit, with a small quantity of sulphuric acid. — Dr. Paris. (The inventor states that it is impregnated with an aerial acid.) Salts, Mineral. See Waters, Factitious Mineral, page 187. Scott’s Pills. See Anderson’s Pills. Scott’s Plaster. It appears to be a carefully prepared Emp. Plumbi, spread on calico. If it contains resin, the quantity is probably less than in Emp. Resin®. Seidlitz Powders (in separate powders). One contains 2 dr. of powdered Rochelle salts, and 40 gr. of bicar- bonate of soda ; the other powder is p. tartaric acid 35 gr. Seidlitz Powder, in one bottle. Note. — The powders are all to be thoroughly dried separately, at a gentle heat — the potassio-tartrate of soda at a temperature not exceed- ing 110° F. ; the others not higher than 120°. Take of potassio-tartrate of soda, dried, 15 oz. ; tartaric acid, dried, 5 oz. (or citric acid 4J oz.), dry bicarbonate of soda 6 oz. Mix, and keep in a well- closed bottle. Dose, 3 dr. The above have no resemblance to the natural water of Seidlitz. See Waters (Mineral),, page 190. Soda Powders. These usually contain in one paper 30 gr. of bicarbonate of soda, and in the other 25 gr. of tartaric acid (or 24 of citric acid). For sherbet, lemonade, and ginger-beer powders, see Beverages, in another division of this work. Smellome’s Eye-Ointment. Prepared verdigris 30 gr., levigate with 30 drops of olive oil, and add 1 oz. of resinous cerate. Speediman’s Pills. Rhubarb, aloes, myrrh, and extract of chamomile, of each 00 gr. ; oil of chamomile 12 drops. Mix, and divide into 4-grain pills. CEUGGISTS’ NOSTRUMS, ETC. 183 Solomon’s Balm of Gilead. An aromatic tincture, of which cardamoms form a lending ingredient, made with brandy. — Dr. Paris. It is thouglit to contain can- tharides. Solomon’s Anti-impetigines is said to be a solution of corrosive sublimate. Smith’s (Dr. Hugh) Stomachic Pills. Aloes, rhubarb, aromatic powder, gum sagapeuum, of each 1 dr. ; oil of mint and oil of cloves, each 10 drops; balsam of Peru q. s. In 5-grain pills ; 2 to P every night. Solution of Copaiva. Mix 2 parts of balsam of copaiva with 3 of liquor potassa, and 7 of water. Boil them for a quarter of an hour, and when a little cooled, add 1 part of spirit of nitric ether. Let the mixture rest for a few hours, then draw otF the clear liquor from the lower part of the vessel. This is supposed to resemble Frank’s Solution. [For other preparations of copaiva see Gela- tina Copaibae, Electuarium Copaibae, Elec. Cubebae, et Copaibae, Syrupus Copaibae, Mistura Copaibae, &c., in P. F.] Spilsbury’s Drops. Corrosive sublimate 2 dr. (not 2 oz., as misprinted in the eighth edition of Dr. Paris’s Phar- macologia), precipitated sulphuret of antimony 1 dr., gentian 2 dr., orange peel 2 dr., red Sanders I dr., proof spirit 16 fluid oz. ; digest, and strain. — Dr. Paris. But we are informed that this is incorrect. Another formula is — Levigated crocus metalloriim 18 dr., corrosive sub- limate 135 gr., red sanders 1^ dr., gentian 6 dr., orange- peel 6 dr., brandy 48 fluid oz. ; digest for 10 days, shaking frequently, and strain; dose, 5 to 60 drops. Squire’s Elixir. Opium 1 oz., camphor 1 oz., spirit of aniseed (compound) 4 pints, tincture of serpentaria 1 pint, water 4 pints, tincture of ginger f oz. Some recipes add a little aurum nnisiviim. Standert’s Red Mixture. Carbonate of magnesia 4 dr., powdered rhubarb 2 dr., tincture of rliubarb 1 1 oz., tincture of opium 1 dr., oil of aniseed 24 drops, essence of pepper- mint 30 drops, water 1^ pint; mix. A popular remedy for bowel complaints in the west of England. Standert’s Stomachic Candy. Cardamom seed, ginger. 184 PATENT AND PEOPEIETAEY MEDICINES. rlinbarb (nil in fine powder), each 4 dr., lump sugar 4 oz., ■water (i dr. ; boil together, stirring constantly till the sugar is dissolved, then pour it into a proper mould. Steers’ Opodeedoc. 1. Kcctified spirit a quart, Castile soap 5 oz., camphor oz., oil of ro.semary 2§ dr., oil of origanum 5 dr., weaker ammonia 4 oz.; digest till dis- solved. and pour while warm into wide-mouthed bottles. 2. Rectified spirit 8 pints o. m., white soap 20 oz., camphor 8 oz., water of ammonia 4 oz., oil of rosemary 1 oz., oil of horsemint I oz. ; dissolve the soap in the s])irit by a gentle heat, and add the other ingredients. Bottle whilst warm. — Phil. Coll, of Pharmacy. Stoughton’s Elixir. 1. Gentian 00 oz., serpentary 10 oz., dried orange-peel 24 oz., calamus nromaticus 4 oz., rec- tified spirit, and water, of each 0 gallons old measure. 2. Gentian 4 It, orange peel 2 tb, cochineal 2 dr., car- damom seed 1 oz., rectified spirit 8 gallons. Storey’s Worm Cakes. Calomel 1 scruple, jalap 1 dr., ginger 2 scrujiles, sugar 1 oz., cinnabar to colour, syrup q. s. to form 10 cakes. Struve’s Lotion for Hooping Cough. Emetic tartar 00 gr., water 2 oz., tincture of cantharides 1 oz. Swain’s Vermifuge. Woi-m seed 2 oz., valerian, rhubarb, pink root, white agaric, of each 1^ oz.; boil in sufficient water to yield 3 quarts of decoction, and add to it 30 drops of oil of tansy, and 45 drops of oil of cloves, dis- solved in a quart of rectified spirit. (American remedy.) Syoenham’s Liquid Laudanum. See Viniim Opii, Pocket Formulary. Tanjore Pills. See Pilulte Arsenici, Pocket Formulary. Tincture of Quinine. tAROMATic). See Tinct. Quin® Siilphatis Acida, Pocket Formulary. Tissot’s Purgative Powders, .lalnp, rhubarb, senna, and soluble cream of tartar, equal quantities. Dose, 2 to 6 drachms. Used in Normandy 'I'urlington’s Balsam. Rectified spirit 8 old wine pints, benzoin 12 oz., liquid styrax 4 oz., socotrine aloes 1 oz., balsam of Peru 2 oz., myrrh 1 oz., angelica-root j oz., balsam of tolu 4 oz., extract of liquorice 4 oz. ; digest 10 days and strain.— Phil. Coll, of Pharm. The certified DEUGGISTS’ NOSTECTMS, ETC. 185 copy of the original recipe is more complex, containing three times as many ingredients. Valangin’s Solution of Solvent Mineral. Arsenious acid (which has been mixed with muriate' of soda, and resublimed) 30 gr., hydrochloric acid 90 gr., distilled water 1 oz.; dissolve, and add distilled water to make up 30 fluid oz. Dose, from 3 drops, increased very gra- dually to 10. Venlo’s Vegetable Syrup. It is supposed to be a decoc- tion of burdock, mint, dandelion, senna, &c., boiled with sugar, and a small portion of solution of sublimate added. Walker's Jesuit’s Drops. See Jesuit’s Drops, above. Warburg’s Fever Tincture. M. Fuchs gives the follow- ing recipe for imitating this secret remedy ; — Hepatic aloes and zedoary root, of each 1 dr., angelica root and camphor, of each 2 gr., sati'ron 3 gr., proof spirit 3 oz. In 25 dr. of the filtered tincture dissolve 30 gr. of sulphate of quinine. Put it up in .5-drachm bottles, containing a dose. Sold at about 5 shillings each bottle. Ward’s Paste. The same as Confectio Piperis Nigii of the London Pharmacopoeia. Ward's White Drops. To 10 oz. of strong nitric acid add gradually 7 oz. of subcarbonate of ammonia; let it stand 2 or 3 hours, then put it into a bolt-head which it will only half fill, and to each 10 oz. put 4 oz. of pure quick- silver, and digest in a sand heat till the solution is com- plete; then gently increase the heat, and add a little more quicksilver at intervals till it will dissolve no more ; then evaporate it in a glass or earthen dish placed in sand, till a pellicle appears, and set it aside to crystallize. Dissolve 1 tt) of the drained salt in 3 tb of rose-water by the heat of a sand-bath. Ward’s Essence for the Hf.adach. Spirit of wine 2 Ih, roche alum in fine powder 2 oz., camphor 4 oz., essence of lemon ^ oz., strong water of ammonia 4 oz. ; stop the bottle close, and shake it daily for 3 or 4 days. Ward’s Ked Pill. Glass of antimony levigated with a fourth of its weight of dragon’s blood, made into a mass with wine, and divided into pills of a grain and a half each; one pill is a dose, on an empty stomach. In foul- R 2 186 PATENT AND PEOPEIETAEY MEDICINES. ness of the stomacli and bowels, and obstinate rheumatic disorders. Ward’s Dropsy Purging Powder. Jalap 1 tb, cream of tartar ] lb, red bole 1 oz. ; mix ; dose from 30 to 40 gr. in broth or warm beer, repeated for 2 or 3 days, or oftener if necessary. Ward’s Sw'eating Powder. Similar to Dover’s Powder. Ward’s Washing Powder. See Washing Compounds, Trade chemicals. Warner’s Cordial. Rhubarb 1 oz., senna § oz., saffron 1 dr., liquorice ^ oz., raisins 1 lb, brandy 3 pints ; digest for a week, and strain. Warwick's (Countess of) Powders. Scammony2 oz., calx of antimony 1 oz., cream of tartar T oz. Mix. Webster’s Diet Drink. A decoction or syrup of sarsa- parilla, betony, dulcamara, guaiacum, liquorice, sassafras, turmeric, and thyme. Webster’s (Lady) Pills. See Pilulse Aloes cum Mas- tiche. — P. F. Whitehead's Essence of Mustard. See Essence of Mustard for an imitation of it. Whitehead’s Mustard Pills. Dr. Paris says they con- sist of balsam of tolu and resin, Whitelaw’s Ethereal Tincture of Lobelia^ See Tinctura Lobeliee Etherea, Pocket Formulary. Wilson’s Gout Tincture. A vinous infusion ofcolchicum. Wisdom’s (Dr.) Eye-Water. Bole 2 oz., sulphate of ziiic i oz., camphor (dissolved in oz. of rectified spirit) oz., water a gallon. Wright’s Pearl Ointment. White precipitate 8 oz., ex- tract of lend a pint, rub together, and add 7 tb of white wax melted with 16 tb of olive oil. — Pharm. Journal. Worm Lozenges. See Ching’s Lozenges, and Storey’s Worm Cakes, above ; see also Trochisci Authelmintici, and Trochisci Santoninse, Pocket Formulary. Young’s Purging Drink. Carbonate of soda in cryst'als dr., cream of tartar in crystals 3 dr., water 8 oz.; put it into a stone bottle, and secure the cork. FACl'IIIOUS MINEEAL WATERS, AND ^alt^ for ^PvotJudng; tijcm. AERATED OR CARBONATED WATERS. These require tlie aid of tlie powerful macbine employed by soda-water manufacturers, to charge ibe waters strongly with carbonic acid gas. Tbe gas is made from wbitiug, and diluted sulpburic acid, and is forced by a pump into tbe watery solution. Sometimes tbe gas is produced by tlie mutual actions of tbe ingredients introduced into tbe bottle of water, wbicb must be instantly closed : but this method is found practically inconvenient, and only adopted in tbe absence of proper apparatus. Tbe quantity of gas introduced is directed, in tbe French and American phar- macopoeias, in most cases, to be 5 times tbe volume of liquid. For chalybeate and sulphuretted waters, tbe water should be previously deprived of the air it naturally con- tains, by boiling it, and allowing it to cool in a closed vessel. Bakeweli.’s apparatus will be found very convenient for making small quantities of aerated waters ; and tbe syphon bottles suitable for bolding them. Simple Aekated Water. Carbonic acid gas water. Water charged with .'i or more volumes of carbonic acid gas, us above. Alkaline Aerated Waters. Aerated soda and potash waters should be made by dissolving a drachm of tbe car- bonated alkali in each pint of water, and charging it strongly with carbonic acid gas. But tbe soda water of tbe shops generally contains but little soda. 188 FACTITIOUS MINEEAL WATERS. Aerated Magnesia Water. This is made of various strengths. Murray’s and Dinneford’s Fluid Magnesia may be thus made: — To a boiling solution of 16 oz. of sulphate of magnesia in 6 pints of water, add a solution of 19 oz. of crystallized carbonate of soda in the same quantity of water; boil the mixture till gas ceases to escape, stirring constantly; then set it aside to settle; pour olf the liquid, and wash the precipitate on a cotton or linen cloth, witli warm water, till the latter passes tasteless. Mix the pre- cipitate, without drying it, with a gallon of water, and force carbonic acid gas into it under strong pressure, till a complete solution is effected. The Eau Mmjnexienue of the French codex is about a third of this strength ; and we have met with some prepared in this country not much stronger. Carbonated Lime Water. Carrara Water. Lime water (prepared from lime made by calcining Carrara marble) is supersaturated, by strong pressure, with carbonic acid ; so that the carbonate of lime at first thrown down is re- dissolved. It contains 8 gr. of carbonate of lime in 10 fluid oz. of water. Aerated Lithia Water. This may, probably, be most conveniently made from the fresh precipitated carbonate, dissolved in carbonated water as directed for fluid mag- nesia. Its antacid and antilithic properties promise to be useful ; but we have not yet heard of its being prepared in this form. [See page 193.] SALINE CARBONATED WATERS. The following afford approximate imitations of these waters. The earthy salts, with the salts of iron, should be dissolved together in the smallest quantity of water. The other ingredients to be dissolved in the larger portion of the water, and the solution impregnated with the gas. The first solution may be then added, or be previously introduced into the bottles. The salts, unless otherwise stated, are to be crystallized. Baden Water. Muriate of magnesia 2 gr., muriate of SALINE CABBONATED WATEES. 189 lime 40 gr., mnriate of iron ^ gr., (or 8 minims of the tincture,) muriate of soda 30 gr., sulphate of soda 10 gr., carbonate of soda 1 gr., water 1 pint, carbonic acid gas 5 volumes. Carlsbad Water. Muriate of lime 8 gr., tincture of mu- riate of iron 1 drop, sulphate of soda aO gr., carbonate of soda tiO gr., muriate of soda 8 gr., carbonated water 1 pint. Eger. Carbonate of soda 5 gr., sulphate of soda 4 scruples, muriate of soda 10 gr., sulphate of magnesia 3 gr., mu- riate of lime 5 gr., carbonated water a pint. (Or it may he made without apparatus thus : — Bicarbonate of soda 30 gr., muriate of soda 8 gr., sulphate of magnesia 3 gr., water a pint ; dissolve, and add a scru])le of dry bisulphate of soda, and close the bottle immediately.) Ems. Carbonate of soda 2 scruples, sulphate of potash 1 gr., sulphate of magnesia 5 gr., muriate of soda 10 gr., muriate of lime 3 gr., carbonated water a pint. Marienbad. Carbonate of soda 2 scruijles, sulphate of soda 90 gr., sulphate of magnesia 8 gr., muriate of soda Id gr., muriate of lime 10 gr., carbonated water a pint. (Or, Bicarbonate of soda 50 gr., sulphate of soda 1 dr., muriate of soda 15 gr., sulphate of magnesia 10 gr. ; dis- solve in a pint of water, add 25 gr. of dry bisulphate of soda, and cork immediately.) Marienbad Purging Salts. Bicarbonate of soda 5 oz. dried sulphate of soda 12 oz., dry muriate of soda 1 .t oz.’ sulphate of magnesia, dried, 2 oz., dried bisulphate of soda 24 oz. Mix the salts, previously dried, separately, and keep them carefully from the air. PuLT.NA Water. Sulphate of soda 4 dr., sulphate of mag- nesia 4 dr., muriate of lime 15 gr., muriate of magnesia (dry) a scruple, muriate of soda a scruple, bicarbonate of soda 10 ^., water slightly carbonated, a pint. One of the most active of the purgative saline waters. PuLLNA Water, without the Machine. Bicarbonate of soda 50 gr., sulphate of magnesia 4 dr., sulphate of soda 3 dr., muriate of soda a scruple ^ dissolve in a pint of water; add, lastly, 2 scruples of bisulphate of soda, and close the bottle immediately. 190 FACTITIOUS MINEEAL VTATEES. Sal'^8 for making Pullna Water. Dry bicarbonate of soda 1 oz., exsiccated sulphate of soda 2 oz., exsiccated sulphate of magnesia oz., dry muriate of soda 2 dr., dry tartaric acid f oz. (or rather, dry bisulphate of soda 1 oz.) Seidlitz Water. This is usually imitated by strongly aerating a solution of 2 dr. of sulphate of magnesia in a pint of water. It is also made with 4, 0, and 8 dr. of the salts to a pint of water. Seidi.itz Powder. The common seidlitz powders (as given p. 173) do not resemble the water. A closer imitation would be made by using effloresced sulphate of magnesia instead of the potassio-tartrate of soda. A still more exact compound will be the following : — Effloresced sulphate of magnesia 2 oz., bicarbonate of soda ^ oz., dry bisulphate of soda ^ oz. ; mix and keep in a close bottle. Seidschutz Water. Sulphate of magnesia 3 dr., muriate of lime, nitrate of lime, bicarbonate of soda of each 8 gr., sulphate of potash 5 gr., aerated water 1 pint. Seltzer Water. Muriate of lime and muriate of magnesia, of each 4 gr. ; dissolve these in a small quantity of water, and add it to a similar solution of 8 gr. bicarbonate of soda, 20 gr. muriate of soda, and 2 gr. of phosphate of soda: mix, and add a solution of ^ of a gr. of sulphate of iron ; put the mixed solution into a 20 -oz. bottle, and fill up with aerated water. But much of the Seltzer water sold is said to be nothing more than simple carbonated water. An imitation of Seltzer water is also made by putting into a stone Seltzer bottle, filled with water, 2 dr. bicarbonate of soda, and 2 dr. of citric acid in crystals, corking the bottle immediately. Sodaic powders are sometimes sold as Seltzer powders. Vichy Water. Bicarbonate of soda 1 dr., muriate of soda 2 gr., sulphate of soda 8 gr., sulphate of magnesia 3 gr., tincture of muriate of iron 2 drops, aerated water a pint. Dorvault directs 75 grains of bicarbonate of soda, 4 grains of chloride of sodium, ^ gr. sulphate of iron, 10 gr. sulphate of soda, 3 grains sulphate of magnesia, to a pint of water. By adding 45 grains (or less) of citric acid an eflervescing water is obtained. SULPHUHETTED WATEES. 191 Vichy Salts. Bicarbonate of soda oz., muriate of^soda 15 gr., effloresced sulphate of soda 1 dr., effloresced sul- phate of magnesia 1 scruple, dry tartarized sulphate of iron 1 gr., dry tartaric acid 1 oz. (or dry bisulphate of soda); mix the powders, previously dried, and keep them in a close bottle, SALINE WATEES, &c., NOT CARBONATED. Sea Water. Muriate of soda 4 oz., sulphate of soda 2 oz., muriate of lime ^ oz., muriate of magnesia 1 oz., iodide of potassium 4 gr., bromide of potassium 2 gr., water a gallon. A common substitute for sea water as a bath is made by dissolving 5 or 6 oz. of common salt in a gallon of water. The following mixture of dry salts may be kept for the immediate production of a good imitation of sea water. Muriate of soda (that obtained from evaporating sea water and not recrystallized, in preference,) 85 oz. ; efflo- resced sulphate of soda 15 oz., dry muriate of lime 4 oz., dry muriate of magnesia 16 oz., iodide of potassium 2 dr,, bromide of potassium 1 gr. Mix, and keep dry. Put 5 or 6 oz. to a gallon of water. Balaroc Water. Muriate of soda 1 oz., muriate of lime 1 oz., muriate of magnesia | oz., sulphate of soda 3 dr., bicarbonate of soda 2 dr., bromide of potassium 1 gr., water a gallon. Chiefly used for baths. SULPHURETTED WATERS. Simple Sulphuretted Water. Pass sulphuretted hydrogen into cold water (previously deprived of air by boiling, and cooled in a closed vessel,) till it ceases to be absorbed. Aix-la-Chapelle Water. Bicarbonate of soda 12 gr., muriate of soda 25 gr., muriate of lime 3 gr., sulphate of soda 8 gr., simple sulphuretted water 2^ oz., water slightly carbonated 17^ oz. Bareges Water. (Cauterets, Bngneres de Luchon, Bonnes, St. Suuveur, may be made the same.) Crystallized hydro- 192 FACTITIOUS MINEBAL WATERS. sulpliate of soda (see Sodte Hydrosiilplias, P. F.), crystal- lized carbonate of soda, and muriate of soda, of eacli 2^ gr., water (freed from air) a pint. A stronger solution for adding to baths is thus made : — Crystallized hydrosulpliate of soda, crystallized carbonate of soda, and muriate of soda, of each2oz., water 10 oz. Dissolve. To be added to a common bath at the time of using. N.\pi.es W.\ter. Crystallized carbonate of soda 1 !j gr., fluid magnesia 1 oz., simple sulphuretted water 2 oz., aerated water 10 oz. Introduce the sulphuretted water into the bottle last. Harrogate Water. Muriate of soda 100 gr., muriate of lime 10 gr.,. muriate of magnesia 0 gr., bicarbonate of soda 2 gr., water 18| ounces. Dissolve, and add simple sulphuretted water 1^ oz. Harrogate Salts. See Dr. Duffin’s, above. CHALYBEATE WATERS. StMPLE Chalybeate Water. Water freed from air by boiling 1 pint, sulphate of iron ^ gr. Aerated Chalybeate Water. Sulphate of iron 1 gr., carbonate of soda 4 gr,, water deprived of air, and charged with carbonic acid gas, a pint. Dr. Pereira recommends 10 gr. each of sulphate of iron and bicarbonate of soda to be taken in a bottle of ordinary soda water. This is equivalent to 4 gr. of carbonate of iron. Brighton Chalybeate. Sulphate of iron, muriate of soda, muriate of lime, of each 2 gr., carbonate of soda 3 gr., carbonated water 1 pint. Bdssang, Forges, Provins, and other similar waters may be imitated by dissolving from ^ to §rds of a grain of sul- phate of iron, 2 or 3 gr. of carbonate of soda, 1 gr. of sulphate of magnesia, and 1 of muriate of soda, in a pint of aerated water. Mont d’Or Water. Bicarbonate of soda 70 gr., sulphate of iron f gr., muriate of soda 12 gr., sulphate of soda ^ gr., muriate of lime 4 gr., muriate of magnesia 2 gr., aerated water a pint. Passy Water. Sulphate of iron 2 gr., muriate of soda CnALTBEATE WATERS. 193 .3 gr., carbonate of soda 4 gr., muriate of magnesia 2 gr., aerateil water a pint. Pykmont Water. Sulphate of magnesia 20 gr., muriate of magnesia 4 gr., muriate of soda 2 gr., bicarbonate of soda 10 gr., sulphate of iron 2 gr., Carrara water a pint. The mineral waters prepared by Messrs. Struve, of Brighton, are stated to be very exact imitations of the natural springs. VARIOUS AERATED MEDICINAL WATERS, NOT RESEMBLING ANY NATURAL SPRING. Mialhe’s Aerated Chalybeate Water. Water a pint, citric acid 1 dr., citrate of iron 15 grains ; dissolve, and add 75 grains of bicarbonate of soda. Trousseau’s Marti.yl Aerated Water. Potassio-tartrate of iron 10 grains, artificial Seltzer water a pint. Bouchard.yt’s Gaseous Purgative. Phosphate of soda 14 oz., carbonated water a pint. Mialhe’s Ioduretted Gaseous Water. Iodide of potas- sium 15 grains, bicarbonate of soda 75 grains, water a pint; dissolve, and add sulphuric acid diluted with its weight of water 75 grains. Cork immediately. Dupasquier’s Gaseous Water of Iodide of Iron. Solution of iodide of iron (containing of dry iodide) 30 grains, syrup of gum 2^ oz., aerated water 17| oz. [See also Magnesian, Carrara, and Lithia Waters, page 188; Bewley’s Chalybeate Water, page 150. Also Aqua Benzoata Aerata, and Aqua INIagnesiie Citratis, P. F.") s PERFUMERY. DISTILLED WATERS. The simple distilled waters (without spirit) used in per- fumery are chiefly those of rose, elder, and orange-flower, cinnamon, &c. The points requisite to be attended to (ire, that the flowers be fresh, gathered after the sun has risen and the dew exhaled, and that sufficient water be used to prevent the flowers being burned, but not much more than is sufficient for this purpose. The quantities usually directed are — Roses 15 Ih, water 40 lb : distil 15 ft, for single, and the same water with .15 15 of fresh roses, for double rose water. Orange-flowers 12 15, water 36 15 : distil 2415 for double orange-flower water; this with an equal quantity of dis- tilled water forms the single. The flowers should not be put into the still till the water nearly boils. Elder-flower Water, Acacia-flower Water, and Bean-flower Water, are prepared in the same manner as rose water. Cinnamon Water. A gallon should be distilled from 20 oz. of fine cinnamon (bruised) and 2 gallons of water. Strawberry Water. Bruised strawberries 4 15, water a gallon; macerate for 12 hours, and distil 6 pints. The waters prepared without distillation (by diffusing the essential oils through water, after mixing them with chalk or magnesia, or dissolving them in spirit,) are seldom so proper for perfumery purposes as those dis- tilled from the flowers, &c. Rose water, made from the otto (8 drops of otto, previously mixed with a drachm of precipitateil chalk, diffused in a quart of distilled water, and afterwards distilled or simply filtered,) is to most persons very agreeable ; but that distilled from the SPIEITUOTJS WATERS. 1D5 flowers should also be kept, as it is by others greatly preferred. Musk Water, Violet Water, Jessamine Water, aud some others, are made by mixing the spirituous essences •with distilled or pure soft water. A usual proportion is 2 drachms to a pint. SPIRITUOUS WATERS. The spirit employed in perfumery should be selected with great care; it should he perfectly free from grain-oil and other impurities. It should he CO over-proof, unless otherwise directed. Simple Spirit of Lavender. Lavender -flower (flee from stalks) 2 lb, rectified spirit 8 pints, water 10 pints; dis- til 8 pints. Odoriferous Lavender Water. 1. Rectified spirit 5 gal- lons, essential oil of lavender 20 oz.,oil of bergamot 5 oz., essence of ambergris ^ oz. Sometimes 4 oz. of orris-root are digested with the above — Mr. Brands. 2. Oil of lavender, oil of bergamot, of each 3 dr.; otto of roses and oil of cloves, of each C drops ; musk 2 gr., true oil of rosemary I dr., honey I oz., benzoic acid 2 scruples ; rectified spirit a pint, distilled water 3 ounces. — Dr. Pereira. 3. Oil of lavender 2 oz., essence of ambergris I oz., eau de Cologne a pint, rectified spirit a quart. 4. on of lavender 4 dr.; essence of bergamot, essence of lemon or cedrat, and otto of roses, of each 20 minims ; essence of ambergris a dr., rectified spirit 3 pints, orange- flower water 4 oz., rose (or distilled) water 12 oz., burnt alum 20 gr. Agitate frequently, then let it stand in a cool place for some days before filtering. 5. Oil of lavender 3 dr., oil of bergamot 20 drops, neroli 6 drops, otto 6 to 12 drops, essence of cedrat 8 or 10 drops, essence of musk 20 drops, rectified spirit 28 fluid oz., distilled (or orange-flower) water 4 oz. fj. Eau de Lavande au MiUeJleurs. Oil of lavender 4 dr.; essence of bergamot, essence of lemon, otto of roses, 196 PEEFUJI£EY. of each 12 drops; essence of millefleurs 3 dr., essence of ‘ iimbergiis i dr., rectified spirit a pint and half. Note. — The oil of lavender in the above sliould be the finest English oil : that which first comes over is said to be the most fragrant. It should be kept for 12 mouths before using, either alone or mixed with an equal quantity of alcohol. Some makers prefer a mixture of old and new oil. The lavender water improves by age. Eau de Cologne — Cologne Watek. 1. English oil of lavender, oil of bergamot, oil of lemon, oil of ueroli, of each 1 oz. ; oil of cinnamon ^ oz. ; spirit of rosemary, and spirit of balm {can des Carmes) of each 1/3 oz.; highly rectified spirit 7^ pints. Let them stand together for 14 (lays, then distil in a water-bath. — Dr. Geanville. 2. Oil of bergamot, citron, and lemon, of each 3 oz. ; oils of rosemary, neroli, and lavender, of each 1^ oz. ; oil of cinnamon C dr., rectified spirit 24 pints; compound spirit of balm {eau des Carmes, below) 3 pints, spirit of rosemary 2 pints. Mix, and after standing a week, distil 24 pints. — Fkench Pharmacopceia. 3. Essential oils of bergamot, of lemon, of ueroli, of orange-peel, and of rosemiu-y, each 12 drops ; cardamom seeds a dr. ; rectified spirit a pint. It improves by age. — Trommsdorf. 4. Essence of bergamot 40 minims, essence of lemon 4.3 minims, oil of rosemary 0, oil of orange 22, neroli 12 minims, highly rectified spirit G oz. 5. Alcohol a pint, oil of bergamot, oil of orange-peel, true oil of rosemary, cardamom seeds, of each a drachm ; orange-flower water a pint. Mix, and distil a pint by water-bath. — Dr. A. T. Thomson. Eau des Carmes — Eau de Meusse. Fresh flowering balm 24 oz. ; yellow rind of lemon, cut fine, 4 oz. ; cin- namon, cloves, and nutmeg (bruised), of each 2 oz.; cori- ander seed (bruised) 1 oz., dried angelica root 1 oz., recti- fied sjiirit a gallon. Macerate for 4 days, and distil in a water- bath. Arquebusade Water. 1. Sage, angelica, wormwood, savory, sweet fennel, hyssop, balm, sw’eet basil, rue, thyme, marjoram, rosemary, angelica seed, origauum, red cala- SPIEITTJOtrS WATEBS. 197 mint, creeping thyme, lavender flowers, of each 10 oz.; sweet flag root 5 oz., rectified spirit 2 gallons, water q. s. Distil 3 gallons. 2. (Simplified.) Balm, rosemary, thyme, calamus root, angelica seeds, lavender flowers, of each 4 oz.; rectified spirit 3 pints, water q. s. Macerate for a day, and distil 4 pints. Queen of Hungary’s Water. Spirit of rosemary. 1. Bosemary tops 2 ft, rectified spirit a gallon, water q. s. Distil carefully one gallon. 2. Spirit of rosemary (as No. 1) 4 pints, orange-flower water ^ pint, essence of neroli 4 drops. 3. Simple spirit of rosemary 3 pints, simple spirit of lavender a pint, rose water 8 oz. Eau d’Ange. Flowering tops of myrtle IG oz., rectified spirit a gallon ; digest, and distil to dryness in a water- bath. Or dissolve ^ oz. essential oil of myrtle in 3 pints of rectified spirit. Mr. Gray gives under this name a w'ater without spirit — Water 2- pints, benzoin 2 oz., storax 1 oz., cinnamon 1 dr., cloves 2 dr., calamus a stick, cori, auder seeds a pinch ; distil. Honey Water. Eau de Miel. 1. Eectified spirit 8 pints, oil of cloves, oil of lavender, oil of bergamot, of eacli ^ oz., musk 1.5 gr., yellow Sanders shavings 4 oz.; digest for 8 days, and add 2 pints each of orange-flower and rose water. 2. Oil of santal 20 drops, tincture of musk 2^ oz., , essence of bergamot 2^ oz., oil of cloves 5 dr., oil of lavender 5 dr., rose water 2 pints, orange-flower water 2 pints, spirit of wine a gallon ; mix, and filter. 3. (With honey.) White honey 8 oz., coriander seed 8 oz., fresh lemon-peel 1 oz., cloves ^ oz., nutmeg, ben- zoin, styrax calamita, of each 1. oz., rose and orange flower water, of each 4 oz., rectified spirit 3 pints ; digest for a few days, and filter. Some recipes add 3 dr. ol vanilla, and direct only ^ oz. of nutmeg, storax, and benzoin. 4. Coriander seeds 7 H), cloves 12 oz., storax 8 oz., nutmeg 8 oz., fresh lemon peel 10 oz., calamus root G oz., rectified spirit 15 pints; macerate for a month, add water 3 2 198 PEEFUMEEY. q. s. Distil 22 pints, and add to the distilled spirit b pints of orange-tiower water, 24 drops otto of roses, a dr. of ambergris, and 2 oz. of line vanilla; macerate for a week, and filter. Tbe dry ingredients to be bruised or cut small. Eau D’blLEGANCE. Spirit of jessamine 2 Hi, spirit of styra.x 1 ft, spirit of hyacinth 1 ft, spirit of star aniseed 4 oz., tincture of balsam of Tolu 4 oz., tincture of vanilla 2 oz. Eau de Mabeschale. Spirit of wine pint, spirit of jessamine 1 oz., essence of bergamot ^ oz., essence of violets J oz. Eau Komaine. Spirit of jessamine 3 quarts, tincture of vanilla 1 quart, spirit of acacia flowers 1 quart, spirit of tuberose a pint, essence of ambergris 2 oz., tincture of benzoin 8 oz. Eau ue Miulefleuks. Rectified spirit 2 pints, balsam of Peru i oz., essence of bergamot 4 oz., oil of cloves i oz., essence of neroli ^ dr., essence of musk 1 dr., orange- flower water 2 oz. Eau Spibitueuse d’Heliotbope. Vanilla 3 dr., double orange-flower water G oz., rectified spirit a quart; mace- rate for 3 days, and distil in a water-bath. It may be coloured with cochineal. But the essence d'heliotrope of some perfumers appears, by the colour, not to have been distilled. Eau dTspahan. Essential oil of bitter orange peel 4 oz., oil of rosemary 3 dr., oil of mint 1 dr., oil of cloves 7 scruples, neroli 7 scruples, spirit of wine 14 pints. It is used for the same purposes as Eau de Cologne. Eau sans Pabeille. Essential oil of lemon 5 oz., of ber- gamot 2j dr., of cedrat oz., rectified spirit G pints, spirit of rosemary 8 oz. ; mix. Some authorities state that it is improved by distillation. Eau de Bouquet de Fuobe. 1. Honey water 2 oz., tinc- ture of cloves 1 oz., tincture of calamus, of lavender, and of long cyperus, each ^ oz. ; eau sans pareille 4 oz., spirit of jessamine 9 dr., tincture of orris 1 oz., spirituous essence of neroli 20 drops. 2. Essence of violets ^ oz., spirit of rosemary ^ oz., essence of lemon 1 dr., rectified spirit 24 oz., rose water 8 oz. SPIRITUOUS WATERS. 199 3. Spirit of rosemary 8 oz., rectified spirit 8 oz„ lavender water 2 oz., oil of neroli !} drops, cloves 1 dr., orris root 2 dr., rose water 2 oz. ; digest for a few days, and fitter. Esprit de Bouquet. English oil of lavender, oil of cloves, and of bergamot, of each 2 dr. ; otto of rose, and oil of cinnamon, of each 20 drops; essence of musk 1 dr., rec- tified spirit a pint ; mix. Eau de Rosieres. Spirit of roses 4 pints, spirit of jessa- mine a pint, spirit of orange-flowers a pint, spirit of cucumber 2^^ pints, spirit of celery seed 2\ pints, spirit of angelica root 2J pints, tincture of benzoin (simple) f of a pint, bixlsam of Mecca a few drops. Eau d’Ambre Royale. Rectified spirit 2 lb, tincture of musk seed 1 ft, essence of ambergris 1 oz., tincture of miisk 1 oz.; reduced with a proper iiroportiou of orange- flower water. Esprit de Suave. Spirit of jessamine If pint, spirit of acacia flowers If pint, spirit of wine 12 oz., spirit of tuberose 8 oz., oil of cloves If dr., oil of neroli 30 drops, essence of bergamot If dr., tincture of musk 1 oz., rose- water 12 oz. Parfum des Rois. Spirit of wine 2 gallons, styrax 6 oz., benzoin 10 oz., aloes wood 8 oz., spirit of rose 2 pints, spirit of orange flowers 2 pints, essence (tincture) of am- bergris 8 oz., tincture of musk 8 oz., tincture of vanilla 10 oz. Odor Delectabilis. Rose water, orange -flower water, each 4 oz. ; oil of lavender, oil of cloves, each 1 dr., oil of bergamot 2 dr., musk 2 grains, rectified spirit a pint. New Victoria Perfume. Cloves, bruised, 2 scruples; vanilla, cut small, 1 dr.; oil of cedrat 4 drops, oil of santal 1 dr., cinnamon 12 gr., oil of verbena 8 drops, otto of roses 8 drops, oil of neroli 20 drops, oil of lavender 1 dr., ambergris 10 gr., tincture of musk 1 dr., rectified spirit 10 fluid oz.; digest for a few days, and filter. Or the whole except the musk and ambergris may be distilled in a water -bath, and ’these added to the distilled spirit. Another similar perfume is — Vanilla f dr., yellow San- ders G dr., cloves No. 10, neroli 3 drops, oil of lavender 200 PEEFTTMEEY. C drops, rectified spirit 4 oz.: digest for 3 days, and add 4 oz. of orange-flower water, water q, s. ; distil (J oz., and add essence of musk 1 drachm. Esprit de Rose. 1. Macerate the fresh and picked flowers of the most fragrant varieties of the rose, with half their weight of rectified spirit, and distil in a water-bath to dryness. 2. Dissolve from 20 to 30 drops of otto in a pint of rectified spirit. A stronger solution, 6 or 8 drops of otto to an ounce of alcohol, forms essence of roses. 3. It is also made by agitating and digesting the spirit with the perfumed oil or pomade of roses. (See Ex- tracts, below.) Esprit de Jasmin. Eau de Jasmin. It is prepared hy digesting and agitating pure spirit with oil or pomade of jessamine made with the flowers. (See Extracts, below.) Spirit of jonquil, tuberose, violet, &c., may be obtained by the same process. Esprit DE Violette. Eau de Eiolette. Macerate 5 oz. of fine orris root in a quart of rectified spirit for some days, and filter. It may also be obtained by the method just mentioned, or by mixing the product of both processes. Eau odorante de Jasmin. Compound spirit of jessamine; for the handkerchief. Spirit of jessamine I. pint, rectified spirit I pint, essence of ambergris a dr., simple tincture of benzoin a dr. Spirit of Orange-flowers, Spirit of Elder-flowers, AND Spirit of Acacia-Flow'ers. Fresh flowers 1 ib, rectified spirit 4 pounds, or pints, water 2 lb. Distil 4 lb, or pints. Spirit OF Orange-peel, of Lemon-Peel, of Citron, and OF Bergamot. Fresh peel 1 lb, rectified spirit 0 lb; macerate for 2 days, and distil in a water-bath to dryness. Or, 1 oz. of the essential oil to 2 pints of spirit. Spirit of Cinnamon, of Cloves, of Nutmeg, and of Calamus Root. Macerate I Hi of the bruised drug with 8 lb, or a gallon, of rectified spirit, and distil as the last. Spirit of Cucumbers. Cucumhers grated 8 ft, rectified spirit I ft ; distil 2 ft. SPIEITUOUS WATERS. 201 Spirit op Rosewood. Rosewood shavings 1 ib, spirit 0 tb, water '-I tb ; distil 0 lb. It is also made by adding the essential oil of rhodium to spirit. Spirit of Angelica. Dried angelica root lib, rectified spirit a gallon. Macerate, and distil by water-bath to dryness. Spirit of Balsam of Peru. Balsam 3 parts, spirit 15 parts, carbonate of potash 1 part; macerate for 3 days, and distil by water-bath. Spirit of Strawberries, and of Raspberries. Fresh fruit 3 lb, rectified spirit 1 lb; macerate 24 hours, and distil 2 lb. The following tinctures are chiefly used in the compound perfumes : — Tincture of Balsam of Peru, and of Tolu. Digest 1 oz. of the balsam with 8 of rectified spirit for some days, shaking it occasionally, then filter. Tincture of Benzoin in the same manner. Tincture of Angelica. One part of the dried root to 8 of rectified spirit; as the last. Tincture (common spirituous essence) of Lemon, Citron, Orange, and Bergamot. An ounce of the fresh peel to ^ pint of spirit; as above. Tincture of Musk Seed. Essence d’Ambrette. Digest 10 oz. of brjuised musk seed with 3 pints of rectified spirit for a month, and filter. Tincture of Musk. China musk 2 dr., rectified spirit 10 oz. For more compound tinctures of musk, see Essence of Musk, below. Tincture or Essence of Ambergris. Guibourt directs 1 dr. of ambergris to be digested with a gentle heat in 3 oz. of rectified spirit. Another form is — Ambergris 1 dr., subcarbonate of potash 1 dr., spirit of roses 4 oz., » (or rectified spirit 4 oz., otto 0 drops). Some recipes direct a weaker tincture — 24 gr. of ambergris to 8 oz. of spirit. For other formuloe, see Essence, below. Tincture of Civet. Bruise ^ oz. of civet, oz. of amber- gris, and the same of sugar-candy, and macerate in a quart of rectified spirit for 6 weeks, in a warm place; then filter. 202 PEEFUMEIiY. Tincture or Essence of Vanilla. Vanilla cut very small 2 oz., rectified spirit a pint; infuse for 2 or 3 weeks. This ^ is sometimes distilled, forming spirit of vanilla. liNCTURE OF Hhodium. Kosewood 1 lb, rectified spirit 3 or i pints ; macerate for 3 or 4 weeks, and filter. Essence (or. Tincture) of Vetiver. Take 2 Itj of the root of vittie vayr cut small, and moisten it with a little water; let it macerate for 24 hours, then beat it in a marble mortar. Macerate it in sufficient spirit to cover it for 8 or 10 days, and strain with pressure ; filter through paper, and in a fortnight repeat the filtration. Some- times the root is moistened with diluted sulphuric acid, which, after maceration, is neutralized by adding a suffi- cient quantity of chalk, and the whole digested with spirit. The tincture, when strained off, is distilled, and forms (with the addition of essence of balm and of roses) Essence de Vetiver double. Essence of Patchouli. Dried patchouli (pucha pat) I oz., rectified spirit a pint. It is generally combined with other perfumes. Extracts (extraits) are spirituous solutions of the odorous principle of flowers, obtained, indirectly, by agitating and digesting oils and pomatums which have been perfumed by the flowers (see Huiles Antiques, under Hair Cosmetics) with pure spirit. This is repeated with fresh oil until the spirit is sufficiently perfumed. When the same oil or pomade is treated with fresh spirit, inferior extracts, numbered 2, 3 &c., are obtained. These pre- parations are chiefly made in France. Extracts (Extraits, or Esprits) of Jessamine, A'^iolets. Lily of the Valley, are prepared by the process iust mentioned. Extrait de Bouquet. Spirit (extrait) of jess.amine 2 quarts, extract of violets 2 quarts, spirit of acacia-flowers, of rose, and of orange-flowers, each a quart, spirit of car- nations a quart, flowers, of benzoin 4 oz., essence of ambergris 8 oz. Extrait de Mareschale. Essence of millefleurs oz.. essence of jessamine 1 oz., essence of musk ^ oz., essence of ambergris ^ oz., essence of cedrat 20 drops, essence of SPIRITUOUS WATERS. 203 violets 1 oz., sweet spirit of nitre 50 drops, true oil of rosemary 20 drops, rectified spirit C oz., oil of neroli 48 drops. Set aside for some time. Essence of Rondeletia. Essence of bergamot, essence of lemon, oil of cloves, each I draclim, otto of roses 6 drops, rectified spirit a pint. Essence of Roses, and Essence of Jessamine. See Esprits, above. Essence of Verbena. Essential oil of verbena 2 dr., rec- tified ^spirit 4 oz., essence of ambergris ^ dr., orange- flower water ^ oz. ; mix. Another form is— Oil of verbena ■§ oz., essence of vanilla 40 drops, rectified spirit 4 oz. Mix, and filter. Essence Royale. Ambergris 1 dr., civet 15 gr., musk 30 gr., carbonate of potash 20 gr.; triturate together, and add oil of cinnamon 10 drops, oil of rhodium, and of neroli 6 drops, otto of roses 0 drops, rectified spirit ^ pint; digest, and filter. Essence of Ambergris. This name is applied both to the simple and more compound tinctures of ambergris. See Tincture of Ambergris, above. Other formulae may here be given. 1. Ambergris 4 oz., musk 2 oz., tincture of musk seed 7 pints. Digest with a gentle heat. 2. Ambergris 1 dr., musk ^ dr., oil of cinnamon 18 drops, oil of rhodium 12 drops, rectified spirit 8 oz., spirit of roses 4 oz., carbonate of potash 1^ dr.; digest in a warm place for a few days, and strain. See also Essence Royale, above. Essence of Musk. A tincture of musk, of various strength. The formula given above (tincture of musk) is that of°the Dublin Pharmacopoeia, 182C. Guibourt directs 1 part of musk to 12 of proof spirit. Other authorities direct a smaller quantity of musk. A French work gives the following— Musk in the bag cut .small (i oz., civet 1 oz., tincture of musk seed 7 pints; digest in the sun, or in a warm place for 2 months. Cologne Essence.! Oil of bergamot 2 dr., essence of lemon ^ dr., essence of cedrut f dr., true oil of rosemary 15 drops, rectified spirit (or spirit of balm) oz. 201. PEEIUMEET. Essences for Scenting Pomatums. — MUlefivur: Oil of lemon 3 oz., essence of ambergris 4 oz., oil of cloves 2 oz., oil of lavender 2 oz. — Cowslip; Essence of bergamot iO oz., essence of lemon 8 oz,, oil of cloves 4 oz., oil of orange peel 2 oz., oil of jessamine 2 dr., eau de bouquet 2 oz., oil of bitter almonds 16 drops. — For geverol use: Essence of bergamot 16 oz., essence of lemon 8 oz., true oil of origauum and oil of cloves, each 2 oz., oil of orange- peel 1^ oz. Mistura Odorata. Rectified spirit 48 oz., tincture of benzoin 4 oz., tincture of vanilla ^ oz., tincture of musk 5 oz., balsam of Peru ^ oz., oil of cloves, of mace, and of cinnamon, each ^ oz., oil of bergamot 1 oz., oil of cedrat 2 oz. — Gieske. Scent for Snuff. Oil of lavender 2 dr., essence of lemon 4 dr., essence of bergamot 1 oz. ; mix. [1 drachm with 8 ounces of fine Scotch snuff constitutes Queen’s Snuff.] [The following Essences, Spirits, and Waters, are given as specimens of some of the cheaper perfumes, as made in France. Essences (Spirituous). Essence {Spiriliions') of Keroli. Spirit of wine ^ pint, orange-peel cut small 3 oz., orris-root in powder 1 dr., musk 2 gr. ; let it stand in a warm place for 3 days, and filter. Essence of Lemon. Spirit of wine J pint, fresh lemon-peel 4 oz. ; as above. Essence of Bergamoi. Spirit of wine \ pint, bergamot-peel 4 oz. ; as above. Essence of Violets. Spirit of wine ^ pint, orris-root 1 oz. Essenee of Cedrat. Essence of bergamot (as above) 1 oz., essence of neroli 2 dr. Essence of Jessamine. Essence of violets 1 oz., essence of cedrat 2 dr. Essence of Mask. Spirit of wine ^ pint, musk 16 gr. Essence of Ambergris. Spirit of wine | pint, ambergris 24 gr. Essence of Cloves. Spirit of wine pint, bruised cloves 1 oz Uther essences in the same manner. AMMONIATED TEEFUMES. 205 Spirits. Spirit of Ease. Spirit of wine ^ pint, otto 6 drops. Spirit of Jessamine. Spirit of wine pint, essence of jessamine (as above) a drachm. Spirit of Orange. Spirit of wine, essence of orange, or neroli, a drachm. Spirit of Lavender . Spirit of wine ^ pint, essential oil of lavender a drachm. Spirit of Musk. Spirit of wine ^ pint> essence of musk a drachm. Others in a similar manner. Simple Waters. Eose Water. Distilled or rain water ^ pint, spirit of roses a drachm. Jessamine Water, Musk Water, Violet, Orange -flower Water, &c., by adding a dr. of the above spirits to 1 pint of water.] ^ AMMONIATED PERFUMES. Ammoniated Cologne Water. A fragrant and reviving substitute for Spirit of Sal Volatile. Muriate of ammonia 5 dr., snbearbonate of potash 8 dr., ean de Cologne 12 oz. essential oil of cedrat and of bergamot, of each Id drops (dissolved in an oz. of rectified spirit), orange-flower water 8 oz.; mix, and carefully distil 15 or 1C oz. Eau de Luce. Mastic 2 dr., rectified spirit 9 dr. ; dissolve and add to the clear tincture 30 drops of oil of lavender, 10 drops of bergamot, and a pint of strong water of am- monia. This is more agreeable than the compound of the Pharmacopoeia, which, however, should always be used when prescribed medicinally. Essence for Smelling Bottles. 1. English oil of laven der and essence of bergamot, of each a dr., oil of orange- peel, or of cedrat, 8 drops, oil of cinnamon 4 drops 011 of neroli 2 drops, alcohol, and strongest water of ammonia, of each 2 oz. (or 4 oz. of strong“ ammoniated alcohol.) 2. Ammoniated alcohol 12 fluid oz., English oil of lavender, essence of bergamot and essence of lemon, of 206 PEEFUMEEY. each a dr., cloves i dr., camphor \ oz., macerate for a week, and filter. — Mr. Maggs. 3. Essence of ambergris and musk 4 dr., otto of rose 20 drops, oil of lavender 1 dr., ammoniated alcohol 10 oz. ; mix, and add strongest liquor ammonias 10 oz. — Phabm. Jour. Godfrey’s Smelling Salts. Dr. Paris says it is prepared by resubliming volatile salts with subcarbonate of potash and a little spirit of wine. It is usually scented with an alcoholic solution of essential oils. ACETIC PERFUMES. Aromatic Spirit of Vinegar. 1. Strong acetic acid 10 oz., camphor 1 oz.; when dissolved, add 1 oz. each of essential oils of cloves, lavender, and lemon. This is said to resemble Henry’s. 2. Glacial acetic acid 8 oz., true oil of rosemary 20 gr., of bergamot 15 gr., of lavender 9 gr., of cloves 24 gr., neroli 4 gr., cinnamon 20 ; dissolve the oils in 2 dr. of rectified spirit. For another formula, see Pocket For- mulary. Aromatic Vinegars are made in France by infusing various flowers &c. in distilled or finest wine vinegars, with or without the addition of spirit. Others are made by distil- lation. As they are seldom required in this country, a few examples will suflfice. Rose Vinegar. Red roses, picked and dried, ^ Hi, best vinegar 8 lb ; macerate for a fortnight, with occasional stirring, and strain; then filter. Lavender Vinegar. Fresh lavender-flowers 1 lb, vinegar 12 lb. Macerate as above. It is sometimes distilled, drawing ofl' 8 lb. Distilled Rose Vinegar. Pale roses dried 2 lb, distilled vinegar 8 ib. Distil three-fourths by sandbath, and add 2 lb of spirit of roses. It is occasionally coloured with cochineal, and used as a cosmetic. Orange-flower Vinegar. Fresh orange-flowers If lb, distilled vinegar 8 lb, spirit of orange-flowers 1 lb. Ma- cerate for 12 days, strain, and filter. ViNAiGRE Virginal. Benzoin in powder 2 oz., rectified POT POUREI. 207 spirit 8 oz., white vinegar 2 Ib. Digest the benzoin in the spirit for G days, strain, and add the vinegar to the residue ; macerate for 0 days, decant, and add to it the tincture. The next day filter. It is chiefly used as a cosmetic. ViNAiGRE DE COLOGNE. To each pint of eau de Cologne add an ounce of strong acetic acid. ViXAiGiiE DE JouvENCE. Spirit of cucumber 4 oz., spirit of storax 2 lb, strong vinegar 8 lb. ViNAiGRE DE Flore. Equal parts of rose vinegar, viuaigre virginal, and orange-flower vinegar. ViNAiGRE DE QUATRE VoLEUHS. Tfiieves’ Vinegar. Dried tops of large and small (pontic) wormwood, rosemary, sage, mint, rue, lavender flowers, of each 2 oz.; calamus root, cinnamon, cloves, nutmeg, garlic, of eacli ^ oz. ; camphor ^ oz., concentrated acetic acid 2 oz., strong vine- gar 8 lb. Macerate the herbs, &c., in the vinegar for a fortnight, strain, press, and add the camphor dissolved in the acetic acid. POT POURRI; SCENTED POWDERS; SACHETS OR SCENT BAGS; SCENT BALLS; PASTILS, &c. Pot Pourri. 1. Gather in the season the petals of the most fragrant kinds of roses (with which other flowers may be mixed, at pleasure, in smaller proportion); spread them out to dry in the sun, or in a warm room, sprinkle a little salt on them, and put them into a jar, in which they are to be kept covered up till wanted for use. Take of these rose leaves 4 oz. ; dried lavender flowers 8 oz. ; vanilla, cloves, storax, and benzoin, all bruised, of each I dr. ; ambergris 20 gr., otto of rose 20 drops. Mix. 2. Calamus root, yellow sanders, of each I oz. ; vanilla 1 dr., musk 8 gr., ambergris 8 gr., cascarilla I oz., orris root 3 oz., cinnamon I oz., lavender flowers 1 oz., styrax 2 dr., benzoin 2 dr., cloves 2 dr., coriander seeds I oz., nutmegs 2 dr., otto of rose 20 drops, oil of neroli 10 drops. The dry ingredients to be coarsely bruised. Mix. 3. French. Take the petals of the pale and red roses, 208 JPEBFUMEET. pinks, violets, moss rose, orange-flower, lily of the valley, acacia flowers, clove-gilliflowers, mignionette, heliotrope, jonquils ; with a small proportion of the flowers of myrtle, balm, rosemary, ami thyme ; spread them out for some days, and as they become dry, put them into a jar with alternate layers of dry salt, mixed with orris powder, till the vessel is full. Close it for a month, then stir the whole np, and moisten it with rose water. 4. Orris root 10 oz., dried acacia flowers 8 oz., dried bergamot-peel 2 oz., musk seed ^ oz., cloves ^ oz. ; pound them together. 5. Dry rose leaves quickly on a wicker tray, in a warm place. To a pint of the petals add powdered orris 2 oz., pimento ^ oz., cascarilla ^ oz., musk 2 grains, otto of rose 2 drops, bruised cloves ^ oz. Sachets or Scent Bags. The pot pourri No. 2 or 4 may be put into bags, alone or with any perfume to increase the strength. Or coarsely powdered patchouli (a herb of the Pogostemon genus) may be used, with any other per- fume. Or the bags may be filled with carded cotton mixed with any of the following scented powders. Scented Powders, Balls, cScc. Rose. Powdered starch 3 oz., carmine to colour, otto of roses 8 drops, orris powder 1 oz. Violet. Orris powder 4 oz., essence of bergamot 20 drops, essence of ambergris 20 drops. Poudre de Cliiipre. Oak-moss is macerated in clean water for a day or two, and strongly pressed in a cloth ; it is then moistened with rose water mixed with a third of orange-flower water for two days, pressed, and pulverized. It serves as a basis for other perfumes, the power of which it is said to increase. Poudre a la Mousseline. Orris IG oz., coriander-seed 8 oz., musk-seed 2 oz., cinnamon, cloves, and sandal-wood, each 1 oz., star aniseed oz., mace, ginger, and violet ebony, of each 2 oz.; beat them to a powder, and pass through a sieve. Poudre d I'OEillet. Red roses 48 oz., orris 48 oz., cloves SACHETS AND SCENTED BALLS. 209 C oz., bergamot peel 20 oz., musk seed 2i oz., cinnamon 0 oz., long cyperus 6 oz., pale roses 26 oz., dried acacia flowers, orange flowers, and clove stalks, of each 8 oz. Poudre d la Marechale. Oak-moss in powder 2 lb, plain starch powder 1 lb, cloves 1 oz., calamus 2 oz., cyperus 2 oz., rotten oak-wood powder 2 oz. ; mix. — Gray. Portugal. Dried orange-peel 1 oz., dried bergamot-peel 4' oz., cloves 4 oz., storax 1 dr., ambergris 8 gr., benzoin a drachm, musk-seed a scruple, musk 4 gr. Scented Balls, Medallions, &c. Pastilles de Toilette odorantes. These consist of perfumed powders, made into a paste, and moulded to any desired form before drying. The above scent powders beaten up with mucilage of tra- gacanth will answer the purj)ose; or the following: — 1. Beat the fresh petals of red roses in an iron mortar to a smooth paste, with a few drops of essence of amber- gris, or other suitable perfume. It becomes sufficiently smooth to take a polish. 2. Powdered orris, oak-moss, and poudre de mousseline, of each 1 oz. ; lamp black, or other colour, q. s. Form into a stifl paste with a jelly made of 0 dr. of isinglass, 2 ot tragacnnth, and boiling water q. s. Make it into beads by means of a pill-machine, or into any ornamental form by moulds. 3. .Jessamine flowers 1 oz., powdered gum tragacanth 5 oz., vermilion 2 oz. 4. Yellow Sanders, cyperus, cloves, balsam of Peru, of each 2 dr., benzoin and styrax, of each ^ oz., musk and civet, of each 10 gr., oil of cinnamon .h drops, oil of rho- dium 15 drops, essence of jessamine 1 dr.,neroli 20 drops, ivory black oz., Paris plaster 2 oz., mucilage of traga- canth, made vvith rose-water q. s. As the last. Pastils for Burning. 1. Yellow sanders 3 oz., styrax 4 oz., benzoin 3 oz., olibanum G oz., cascarilla 0 oz., ambergris 1 dr., Peruvian balsam 2 dr., myrrh IJ oz., nitre oz., oil of cinnamon 20 drops, oil of cloves ^ dr., otto 30 to GO drops, oil of lavender 1^ dr,, balsam of Tolu If oz., camphor f oz., strong acetic acid 2 oz., charcoal 3 lb; mix, s. a., and beat into a paste with mucilage of tragacanth, and form into conical pastils, A second and 210 PEEFUMEET. third quality may be made by using, respectively, 4 and 5 lb instead of 3 lb of charcoal. These are highly ap- proved, but rather expensive. 2. {Clous fumans of the French Codex.) Benzoin 2 oz., balsam of Tolu ^ oz., labdanum 1 dr., yellow sanders ^ oz., light charcoal 0 oz., nitre \ oz., mucilage of tragacanth q. s. Reduce the substances to powder, and form into a paste with the mucilage, and divide into small cones with a tripod base. 3. Powdered cascarilla 8 oz., benzoin 4 oz., yellow sanders 2 oz., styrax calamita 2 oz., olibanum 2 oz., charcoal 3 lb, nitre 1^ oz., mucilage of tragacanth q. s. 4. Benzoin 1 oz., cascarilla 1 oz., myrrh 8 scruples, oil of nutmeg 4 scruples, oil of cloves 4 scruples, nitre ^ oz., charcoal (3 oz., mucilage of tragacanth q. s. — Dr. Paris. Incense. 1. Styrax 2^ oz., benzoin 12 oz., musk 15 grains, burnt sugar ^ oz., frankincense 2^ oz., gum traga- canih 1^ oz., rose water sufficient to form a mass ; to be divided into small tablets.— Mr. Astley. 2. Powdered cascarilla 2 oz., myrrh, styrax, benzoin, thus. Burgundy pitch, each 1 oz. Mix. — Mr. Atkins (Ph. Journal.) Mouth Pastils. Dry compounds for perfuming or correct- ing the breath. Cachou Aromatise. The basis of these compounds, as the name implies, was originally catechu, with which various odoriferous substances were combined. The cate- chu, however, is now often omitted. The following are some of the most approved forms : — 1. Extract of liquorice 3 oz., oil of cloves IJ dr., oil of cinnamon 1 5 drops ; mix, and divide into one-grain pills, and silver them. 2. (M. Chevallier’s.) Chocolate powder, and ground coffee, of each 1^ oz., prepared charcoal 1 oz., sugar 1 oz., vanilla (pulverized with the sugar) 1 oz., mucilage q. s. Make into lozenges of any form, of which 6 to 8 may be used daily to disinfect the breath. 3. Cachou de Bologne. Bologna Catechu. Extract of liquorice 3 oz., water 3 oz.; dissolve by heat in a water- PASTILS, 211 bath, and add catechu 1 oz,, gum arabic oz. ; evaporate to the consistence of an extract, and add (in powder) ^ dr. each of mastic, cascarilla, charcoal, and orris ; remove from tlie fire, and add oil of peppenuiut 4 dr., essence of ambergris and essence of musk each 5 drops ; roll it flat on an oiled marble slab, and cut it into very small lozenges, [Or it may be rolled into small pills, and silvered. They are chiefly used by smokers.] 4. Catechu 7 dr., orris powder 40 grains, sugar 3 oz., oil of rosemary (or of peppermint, cloves, or cinnamon) 4 drops, or q. s. Proceed as for the last. Pastils or Lozenges, with chlorine, for disinfecting the breath. 1. Sugar flavoured with vanilla I oz., powdered tragacanth 20 gr., liquid chloride of soda q. s., any essen- tial oil 2 drops. Form a paste, and divide into lozenges of 15 gr, each. 2. Dry chloride of lime 2 dr., sugar 8 oz., starch 1 oz., gum tragacanth 1 dr., carmine 2 gr. Form into small lozenges. SKIX COSMETICS. WASHES FOR THE FACE, &c. Aqua Cosmetica. Cosmetic Lotion. 1. Emulsion of bitter almonds 3 oz. : rose and orange-flower water, of each 4 oz.; borax 1 dr., tincture of benzoin 2 dr. ; mix. — Dr. Copland. 2. Elder-flower water a pint, borax ^ oz., eau de Co- logne 1 oz. ; mix. Kalydor. The following is said to resemble Kalydor and Gowlands Lotion. Bitter almonds blanched 1 oz., cor- rosive sublimate 8 gr., rose-water 16 oz. WiLK OF Roses. Sweet almonds 5 oz., bitter almonds 1 oz., rose-water 2^ pints, white curd soap ^ oz., oil of almonds i oz., spermaceti 2 oz., white wax ^ oz., English oil of lavender 20 drops, otto of roses 20 drops, rectified spirit a pint. Blanch tlie almonds, and beat them with the soap and a little of the rose-water. Melt together the oil of almonds, spermaceti, and white wax, and mix with the former into a cream, and strain it through fine muslin. Then add gradually the remaining rose-water, and lastly the spirit, with the essential oils dissolved therein. 2. A common kind is made by mixing 1 oz. of fine olive oil with 10 drops of oil of tartar, and a pint of rose- water. 3. Bitter almonds 6 dr., sweet almonds 12 dr.; blanch, dry, and ^beat up with 1 dr. of Castile soap ; gradually adding 15 gr. of spermaceti, 30 gr. of white wax, and a (li. of almond oil, melted together. When thoroughly incorporated add gradually 6 drops of otto of roses dis- solved in C oz. of rectified spirit, and 14 oz. of distilled water. WASHES FOB THE FACE. 213 Milk of Cucumbers, In the same manner as milk of roges, substituting juice of encumbers for the rose-water. Milk of Houseleek. As milk of roses, No. 1, substituting expressed juice of houseleek for a pint of the rose- water. Alibekt’s Cosmetic. Cucumber pomade (see below) 3 oz., almond soap 1 oz., rose-water a quart. Mix the pomade and soap, and add the rose-water gradually. Siemmerling’s Cosmetic. Make an emulsion with 1 oz, of sweet almonds, ^ oz. of bitter almonds, black-cherry- water 10 oz. ; and add bichloride of mercury 5 gr., tinc- ture of benzoin 5 dr., lemon juice ^ oz. Withering’s (Dr.) Cosmetic. An infusion of horseradish in milk. Lait Virginal. Virgin’s Milk. Simple tincture of ben- zoin 2 dr., orange-flower water 8 oz. It may be varied by using rose or elder-flower water. Lait de Fraicheur. Double rose-water 8 oz., tincture of benzoin 4 dr., balsam of Mecca ^ oz. Schubarth’s Cosmetic Emulsion. Almond emulsion (made with rose-water) 8 oz., tincture of benzoin 3 dr. Italian Cosmetic Wash, Melilot water 12 oz., tincture of benzoin 2 dr. Augustin’s. Eose water 8 oz., salt of tartar 2 dr., tincture of benzoin 3 dr. Kittoe’s Lotion for Freckles. Muriate of ammonia 1 dr., spring water a pint, lavender-water 2 dr. Apply with a sponge 2 or 3 times a day. Lemon Cream for Sunburns, Freckles, &c. Sweet cream 1 oz., new milk 8 oz., juice of 1 lemon, brandy, or eau de Cologne 1 oz., alum 1 oz., sugar 1 dr. Boil and skim. Buttermilk is used for the same purpose. Lemon Embrocation, for Freckles, &c. Borax L'i gr., lemon juice 1 oz., sugar candy ^ dr.; mix the powders with the juice, and let them stand in the bottle, shaking occasionally, till they are dissolved. PASTES, POMMADES, COLD CEEAM, LIP-SALVE, &c. / Pommade de Beaute. Melt together, in an earthen vessel placed in hot water, white wax 1^ dr., spermaceti 2 dr., oil of sweet almonds ^ oz., virgin olive oil ^ oz., oil 214 SKIN COSMETICS. of poppies J oz.; beat them with a few drops of balsam of Peru. Cucumber Pomatum, for softening and cooling tbe skin. Clarified lard 4 ft, veal suet 1 ft, juice of cucumbers 8ft ; melt tbe two former together, tbeu beat it up assiduously with tbe juice. Next day, pour off tbe juice that bns separated, and add tbe same quantity of fiesh to tbe melted pomade. Eepeatlbis six times, or until tbe pomade is sufficiently imbued with tbe odour of cucumbers. Then melt tbe pomade by a water-bath, and mix with it 3 dr. of powdered white starch ; let it settle, and before it is too cold, pour it off into small pots, taking care not to disturb the dregs. PoMMADE d’Hebe. Incorporate together juice of lily-bulbs 2 oz., Narbonne honey 2 oz., white wax I oz., rose-water 3 dr. ; melt tbe wax with a gentle beat, and add tbe other ingredients. To be applied at night, and not wiped off till morning. To remove wrinkles. Probably cod-liver oil, tised externally and internally, would be a more suc- cessful though less agreeable remedy. Pate Divine de Venus. Mix equal parts of washed lard, fresh butter, and white honey; add balsam of Mecca and otto of roses, to perfume. PoMMADE DE Ninon. Oil of sweet almonds 4 oz., wmshed lard 3 oz., juice of houseleek 3 oz. ; mix. Softening and cooling. PoMMADE EN Creme. Melt together 1 dr. each of white wax and spermaceti, and add oil of sweet almonds 2 oz. ; pour it into a warm mortar, and gradually stir in ^ oz. of rose or other perfumed water, and 1 dr. of tincture of tolu. Lemon Cream. Melt together 2 dr. of spermaceti and 1 oz. of oil of almonds; and as it cools stir in IG drops of essence of lemon. Cold Cream. 1. Oil of almonds 16 oz., white wax 4 oz. ; melt together in an earthen vessel, and when nearly cold, stir in, by little and little, 12 oz. of rose-w'ater. 2. Melt together white wax 2 oz., oil of almonds 8 oz., and stir in 4 oz. of rose-water. Next day, add 0 drops of otto of roses. 3. White wax and spermaceti, of each ^ oz., oil of almonds 4 oz., orange-flower water 2 oz.; mix, s. a. PASTES, POilMADES, COLD CBEAMS, ETC. 215 4. As No. 3, but without the orange-flower water. 5. Laid 10 oz., white wax 2 oz., olive oil 1 oz., magis- tery of bismuth 1 oz. ° 6. White wax 1 oz., almond or olive oil 4 oz., rose- water 1 oz., glycerine 2 dr. N.B. Those cold creams are generally preferred for pre - sent use wliich contain rose or other water, but they keep longer without them. Graxulated Cold Cream. Melt together 1 oz. each of white wax and spermaceti, with 3 oz. of almond oil; when a little cooled, pour the mixture into a large Wedgewood mortar previously warmed, and containing about a pint of warm water. Stir briskly until the creani is well divided, add suflicient otto of rose to scent it, and pour the whole suddenly into a clean vessel contai’uiug 8 or 10 pints of cold water. Throw the whole on muslin, and shake out as much water as possible. Mr. Owen' Dublin. * ’ PoMMADE Divine. Put 3 lb of beef marrow into an earthen vessel, and cover it with cold water, changing the water daily for a few days, and using rose-water the last day; press out the water and add to the marrow styrax cala- mita, benzoin, Chio turpentine, each 4 oz. ; orris powder 1 oz. ; powdered cinnamon, cloves, nutmeg, of each i oz. Place them in a well-tinned vessel in a water-bath, and keep the water boiling for 3 hours ; then strain. Almond Paste, for the skin. 1. Powdered bitter almonds 4 oz., white of egg 1 oz., beat them well together to a smooth paste, with equal parts of spirit of wine and rose- water. 2. Sweet and bitter almonds, blanched, of each 2 oz. • spermaceti 2 dr. ; oil of almonds ^ oz. ; Windsor soap’ ^ oz, ; rose-water 1 oz. or q. s.; otto of roses, and oil of bergamot, of each 12 drops. 3. (Camphorated.) To either of the above add 2 dr. of powdered camphor. A few drops of oil of bitter almonds may be substituted for the otto and bergamot. 4. (French.) Blanch 12 oz. of bitter almonds, and beat them in a mortar with a small quantity of rose or other water to a smooth paste ; then add 7 oz. of rice flour, 216 SKIN COSMETICS. 3 oz. of benn flour, 1 oz. of orris powder, and when per- fectly mixed, ^ oz. of carbonate of potash dissolved in rose-water; again beat together, and add 3 oz. of spiri- tuous essence of jessamine, and 2 drops of oil of rhodium, and one of neroli. Al.mond and Honey Paste. Fine honey may be added to either of the preceding; or mix 16 oz. of clarified honey with 10 oz. of bitter almond powder; and add gradually, in alternate portions, 32 oz. of oil of almonds, and the yolks of 5 eggs. Honey Paste. Pale an Miel, It is sometimes made as the last; or by mixing clarified honey with cold cream, or some similar compound. Camphor Balls, for rubbing on tbe hands, after washing them, to prevent chaps, &c. 1. Melt 3 dr. of spermaceti, and 4 dr. of white wax, with 1 oz. of almond oil, and stir in 3 dr. of powdered camphor. Pour the compound into small gallipots, so as to form hemispherical cakes. They may be coloured with alkanet, &c. 2. Lard 2 oz., white wax 2 oz., camphor ^ oz. 3. Spermaceti 3 oz., white wax 1 oz., olive oil 4 oz, ; melt together, and add 1-^ oz. of powdered camphor, and stir it well. Almond Powder (Cosmetic). This is prepared by grind- ing tbe marc or cake left after expressing the oil from sweet or bitter almonds. Tt is sometimes perfumed, and tnixed with other ingredients. It is used for cleaning the skin, and is less irritating than soap. Almond Wash Pow’Der. 1. Almond powder (from ex- pressed bitter almonds) 16 oz.. rice flour 2 oz., powdered soap I oz., orris powder 1 oz., bergamot or other scent q. p. 2. Almond po\vder (as above) 16 oz., powdered benzoin oz., oil of bitter almonds 10 drops. For cleaning the hands, and removing any unpleasant smell. To render it more detergent 4 oz. of fine sand, or powdered pumice- stone, may be added. Kose Lip Salve. 1. Oil of almonds 3 oz., alkanet ^ oz. ; digest with a gentle heat, and filter. Melt IJ oz. white wax and ^ oz. spermaceti with the filtered oil, stir it until FACE PAINTS. FAEDS. 217 it begins to thicken, and add from ] 2 to 36 drops of otto of I'oses. 2. White wax 1 oz.,oil of sweet almonds 2 oz., alknnet 1 dr.; digest till coloured, strain, and add 0 drops of otto of roses. Peruvian Lip Salve. As either of the above, substituting 20 or 30 drops of Peruvian balsam for the otto ; 8 drops of oil of lavender may be added. Grape Lip S.alve. Pommadc au raisin pour les levres. Put into a glazed earthen pipkin i tb of fresh butter, 1 lb fine yellow wax, 1 oz. of alkanet, and 3 bunches of black grapes; boil together, and strain without pressure through linen. French Lip Salve. Lard IG oz., white wax 2 oz., nitre and alum in fine powder, of each ^ oz., alkanet to colour German Lip Salve. Butter of cacao ^ oz., oil of almonds oz. ; melt together with a gentle heat, and add C drops of essence of lemon. Gants Cosmetiques. These are white kid gloves, which have been turned inside out, and brushed over with a melted compound of wax, oil, lard, balsam, &c. The Peruvian lip salve, without the alkanet, may answer the purpose. For softening the hands. FACE PAINTS. FARES. Fine Carmine (prepared from cochineal) is used alone, or reduced with starch, &c. And also the colouring matter of safflower, in the form of pink saucers, &c., and other vegetable colours. Rouge is prepared from carmine, and the colouring matter of safflower, by mixing them with finely levigated French chalk or talc, generally with the addition of a few drops of olive or almond oil. Sometimes fine white starch is used as the reducing ingredient. It is used in the form of powder, pomade, and crepons, — the latter being jiieces of crape imbued with the colouring matter. For com- mon purposes vermilion is used ; and is sometimes pre- pared for this purpose by mixing with a few drops of •filmond oil and of mucilage of tragacantli, placing the u 218 SKIN COSIIETICS. iiiixtiirc ill rouge pots, and drying it by a very gentle beat. Almond Bloom. Boil 1 oz. of Brazil dust in 3 pints of distilled water, and strain; add 0 dr. of isinglass, 2 dr. of cocbineal, 1 oz. of alum, and 3 dr. of borax; boil again, and strain tbrough a fine cloth. — Gray’s Supplement. Face Whites. One of most innocent kind is prepared from Venetian talc, or French chalk, finely levigated. These are sometimes calcined, to increase their whiteness; but this diminishes their unctuosity and adhesiveness. Digestion with vinegar, and subsequent washing, are practised for the same purpose. Flake white (a fine variety of white lead) was formerly much used; but is now generally condemned as unsafe: it is also liable to become brown under certain circumstances. Pearl or bismuth white (magistery of bismuth*) is less injurious when pure, but is subject to the latter inconvenience. M. Thenard recommends oxide of zinc, with an equal weight of French chalk prejiared by vinegar. Magnesia is said to be employed by the American ladies. White starch is used for tlie same purpose. TOILET SOAPS, &c. As the Excise regulations of this country prevent retail druggists and perfumers from making soaps, it is only necessary to mention the means by which the soap, as it comes from the manufacturers, is prepared for the toilet. Scented Soaps, in general. Cut the best white curd soaj) (or, for some kinds, palm soap) into thin shavings, and place it in a copper vessel, with sufficient distilled water, and heat it by a water-bath till the whole is nnifonnly liquefied. Let it cool to 135 F. ; then add the colouring matters and perfumes. On the large scale these addi- tions may be mixed with the liquid soap at the maker’s, * For this purpose a little muriatic acid is added to the solution of the metal in nitric acid, and the magistery is precipitated by a small quantity of water; or the nitric solution is mixed with a weak solution of sea salt. Dr. Ure states that the precipitate thus ac- quires a more pearly lustre. TOILET SOAPS, ETC, 219 before it is poured into the frames. The quantity of per- fume used must depend on the price at which it is to he sold. Almond Soap. To one hundred weight of the best hard white soap, melted as above,, add 20 oz. of essential oil of bitter almonds. (Soap really made from expressed almond oil is, we apprehend, rarely met with in com- merce.) S.woN AU Bouquet. Melt 60 lb of white curd soap as above, and 8 oz. of oil of bergamot, 1^ oz. each of oils of cloves, sassafras, and thyme, | oz. of neroli, and 14 oz. or q. s. brown ochre. Rose Soap. Put into a copper vessel, placed in boiling ^ water, 20 lb of white curd soap, and 80 lb of olive oil soap, both in thin shavings ; add 5 lb of soft water, or rose-water; keep the heat below boiling till the soap is uniformly liquefied; then add 12 oz. of finely sifted ver- milion, or enough to produce the required tint. Withdraw it from the fire, and when sufficiently cool add 84- oz. of otto of roses, ^ oz. of oil of cloves, ^ oz. of oil of cinna- mon, and 2| oz. bergamot. For a cheaper article use less perfume. Windsor Soap. This is said to be made with lard. In France they use lard with a portion of olive or bleached palm oil. Dr. Pereira states that it is made with one part of olive oil to nine of tallow, But a great part of what is sold is probably only curd (tallow) soap, scented with oil of caraway and bergamot. The brown is pro- bably coloured with burnt sugar, or umber. Honey Soap. White curd soap 1-^ lb, brown Windsor soap ^ lb ; cut them into thin shavings, and liquefy as directed above for scented soaps ; then add 4 oz. of honey, and keep it melted till most of the water is evaporated ; then remove from the fire, and, when cool enough, add any essential oil. Floating Soaps. These are made by liquefjdng, as de- scribed above, 30 ft of oil soap with about b ft of water; and agitating the mixture, by a suitable wooden apparatus turned by a handle, till the froth rises to the top of the 220 SKIN COSMETICS. vessel. It is then poured into frames to cool. They are variously perfumed and coloured. Tkansparent Soap. Cut fine white curd soap into thin shavings, and dry them with a gentle heat till it can be reduced to powder. Put 2 ft of this powder into a water- •hath with 5 or 6 pints of rectified spirit of wine, and heat it gently (taking care that the water does not quite boil) till the solution is complete; add the perfume, and pour into the frames. When cold cut it into squares. They must be kept some time in a dry place before they attain their full degree of transparency. By using a still, most of the spirit may be recovered for future use. W^ASH Balls. Savonetles. These are made from various kinds of soap, usually with the addition of powdered starch, or hair powder, or of rice flour, together with per- fuming and colouring ingredients. They are formed itito spherical halls by taking a mass of the prepared soap in the left hand, and a conical drinking glass with rather thin edges in the right. By turning the glass and ball of soap in every direction the rounded form is soon given ; when dry the surface is scraped to render it more smooth and even. One or two examples of this kind of soap will suffice. Common, or Lemon Wash Balls. Cut C ft of soap into very small pieces ; melt it with a pint of water in which 0 lemons have been boiled. When melted withdraw the soap from the fire, and add 3 ft of powdered starch, and a little essence of lemon : knead the whole into a paste, and form into halls of the desired size. Cream Wash B.alls. White curd soap 7 ft, powdered starch 1 ft ; water, or rose-water, q. s. Beat the whole together, and form into halls — Gray’s Supplement. Camphor Wash Balls. White soap 1 ft, spermaceti 1 oz., water q. s.; melt together, and add 1 oz. of powdered camphor. Mrs. Symond’s Soap Paste, for the hands. Best soft soap (from olive oil and potash if procurable) 16 oz., spermaceti 4 oz., best olive oil 1 oz., camphor ^ oz., rectified sinrit ^ oz., soft water 1 pint, essence of lemon TOILET SOAPS, ETC. 221 ^ oz., M. S. A. With 8 oz. of pumice-stone, powdered and sifted through tine book muslin, it forms sand soap paste. Powdered Soap. Any of the hard soaps maybe pulverized, if first cut into thin shavings, and kept at a gentle heat till sufficiently dry. This process renders the soap more mild. Shaving Powder. Melt together in a water-bath 1 lb of white soap with 1 oz. of powdered spermaceti and oz. of chlorate of potash dissolved in a little water, or rose water. Pour the liquefied soap into a shallow mould ; when solidified shave it fine, and dry ns above. Shaving Paste. 1. Melt together 1 dr. each of sperma- ceti, white wax, and almond oil ; beat it up with ‘2 oz. of the best white soap, and a little lavender or Cologne water. 2. Naples soap, beaten up with sufficient powdered soap to form a stiff paste. fl. White soft soap 4 oz., powdered Castile soap 1 oz., oil of olives or almonds ^ oz. Shaving Liquid. Essence of soap. 1. White soap 3 oz , proof spirit 8 oz., distilled water 4 oz., carbonate of potash 1 dr., essence of lemon q. s. Dissolve the soap without heat, and add the potash and essence. 2. (Italian essence of soap.) White curd or Windsor soap 10 parts, rectified spirit 34 parts, rose or orange- flower water 34 parts. Digest with a gentle heat and filter. 3. Naples soap, or white soft soap, Ki oz., oil of olives ^ oz., gum benzoin 1 dr., rectified spirit 24 oz. Digest. Hub a few drops on the beard, followed by warm water. u o HAIR COSMETICS. Haiii Powder. The basis of hair powder is finely powdered starch. It is variously scented, and was formerly tinted with various colours. The plain and violet hair powders are now principally used. The latter is perfumed with orris powder, or essence of violets, usually with the addi- tion of bergamot, &c. Gray gives the following species for scenting hair powder : — Powdered orris 1 ft, essence of bergamot 12 oz., oil of neroli 1 dr., musk 1 scruple. Hair powder is also perfumed with jessamine, roses, &c., by mixing the flowers with plain powder for 2 or 3 days, stirring the mixture twice or thrice a day, and then sifting out the powder from the flowers. COMPOUNDS TO PROMOTE THE GROWTH OF THE HAIR. Pomades for the Cure of Baldness. 1. Dupuytren’s Pomade. The recipe given by Bate- man and Rennie for this celebrated preparation — viz., Almond oil, lard, suet, and essential oils, is remarkable as entirely omitting the active ingredient. It is probable that the preparation first employed by M. Dupuytren was more simple in its form than what he subsequently adopted, but canfharidcs was always the essential constituent. The first formula we met with was — Tincture of cantbarides (made according to the Paris Codex, 1 part of flies to 8 of proof spirit) I part, lard 9 parts. The following are said more nearly to represent the compound in its improved and more elegant form. M. Cap prescribes — Beef marrow 2 oz., spirituous extract of cantbarides (made by evaporat- ing the above tincture) 8 gr., rose oil 1 dr., essence of COMPOUNDS TO PEOMOTE GEOWTH OF UAIE. 223 lemon 50 drops, M. Fontaine directs — Beef marrow 4 oz., calomel 2^ dr., extract of cautliarides 18 gr., attar of roses 2 drops. But the following, by M. Hecluz, is said to have been acknowledged by Dupuytren as the true lonnula; — Beef marrow 0 cz., nervine balsam* 2 oz., Peruvian balsam 2 oz., oil of almonds 1^- oz., extract of cantharides lb gr. ; melt the marrow and nervine balsam with the oil, strain, add the balsam of Peru, and lastly the extract, dissolved in a drachm of rectified spirit. M. Guibourt says that no better than the following can be used: — Beef marrow 1 oz., nervine balsam 1 oz., rose oil 1 dr., extract of cantharides (dissolved in spirit) 0 gr. These pomades should be rubbed on the scalp once or twice a day for some weeks. If any soreness is produced it should be less frequently applied. 2. PoMJiADE coNTRE l’Aeopecie. Fi’csh lemon juice 1 dr., extract of bark (by cold water) 2 dr., marrow 2 oz., tincture of cantharides (as above) 1 dr., oil of lemon 20 drops, oil of bergamot 10 drops ; mix. First wash the head with soap and water, with a little eau de Cologne ; then rub it dry. Next morning rub in a small lump of pomade, and repeat it daily. In 4 or 5 weeks the cure of baldness is eliected. — Dr. Schneider. 3. Cazenave’s Remedy for Baldness. Beef mar- row 1 oz., tincture of cantharides (as above) 1 dr., pow'- dered cinnamon 1 dr. To be applied night and morning, the head being first washed with salt and water. Keep the liair short. 4. Dr. Cattell’s is the same, substituting 10 drops each of oils ot origanum and bergamot for cinnamon. 0. Beef marrow 1 oz., castor oil i oz., tincture of can- thai'ides 1 dr., essential oil of bitter almonds and of lemon, each 12 drops. 0. Beef marrow 3 dr., almond oil 1 dr., sulphate of quinine 15 gr., otto 2 drops. — Soubeiran. /. Prepared lard 2 oz., white wax 2 dr.; melt together, remove from the fire, and add 2 dr. balsam of Tolu, * This is made by melting together 4 oz. each of beef marrow and oil of mace, and adding 2 dr. of balsam of tolu, and 1 dr. eacli of oil ol cloves and camphor, dissolved in 4 oz, of rectified spirit. HAIE COSMETICS. 22 i 20 drops of oil of rosemary: and in chronic cases, 1 dr. of tincture of cantharides. — Dr. Neligan. 8. Camphor 1 scruple, citrine ointment 2 dr., sperma- ceti cerate 6 dr. ; mix. To be applied every night. 9. Bate’s Unguentum Crinisrvm. Labdanum G dr., bear’s-grease 2 oz., honey ^ oz., powdered southernwood 3 dr., ashes of reed- root dr., oil of nutmeg 1 dr., balsam of Peru 3 dr.; mix. Let the bald part be first rubbed with an onion till it is red, then apply the oint- ment. It should be used daily, or oftener, for 5 or G weeks. 10. Box leaves 2 oz., southernwood 2 oz., lard, marrow, or bear’s-grease 8 oz.; digest together by the heat of a water-bath, and strain. 11. Bear's-greasc. The most approved consists of 2 parts of prepared bear’s fat, with 1 of beef marrow, scented at pleasure. We have placed this, on the ground of common report, among the preparations which may possess some efficacy, but reserve the compounds usually sold under this name for the Pomatums. See below. 12. Pommctde Philocomc. Powdered cinchona ^dr. ; oil of almonds 2 dr., beef marrow 6 dr., oil of bergamot G drops, balsam of Peru 20 drops ; mix. — Dobv.ault, LIQUID COMPOUNDS FOR THE CURE AND PREVENTION OF BALDNESS. 1. Dr. Locock’s Lotion. Oil of mace (expressed oil of nutmeg) oz., olive oil 2 dr., water of ammonia ^ dr., spirit of rosemary 1 oz , rose-water 2^ oz. ; mix. [Mr. Astley recommends the following modification: Oil of mace \ oz., olive oil 2 dr., oil of rosemary 4 drops; in- corporate them carefully, then add gradually 3} oz. of rose-water, 2 dr. of solution of carbonate of ammonia, and 2 dr. of rectified spirit.] 2. Mr. Erasmus Wilson's. Eau de Cologne 2 oz., tincture of cantharides 2 dr., oil of rosemary and oil of lavender, of each 10 drops. 3. Mr. Acton’s. Equal parts of rectified spirit, castor oil, and eau de Cologne. COMPOUNDS rOK BALDNESS. 225 4. Mr. Acton’s, stronger. Equal parts of honey-water anil tincture of cantharides. r>. Tincture of cantharides 3 dr., acetate of copper 3 gr., oil of almonds and castor oil, of each a fluid oz., with any essential oil to scent it. A small quantity to be applied to the roots of the hair every morning. G. Vinegar of cantharides (Lond. Pharm.) ^ oz., eau de Cologne 1 oz., rose-water 1 oz. ; mix. 7. Castor oil, lavender water, and tincture of cantha- rides, in equal quantities. 8. American Shampoo Liquor. Rum 3 quarts, spirit of wine 1 pint, water 1 pint, tincture of cantharides ^ oz., carbonate of ammonia oz., salt of tartar 1 oz. Rub it on, and afterwards wash with water. By omitting the salt of tartar it nearly resembles balm of Colombia. 9. Dr. Landerer’s. Bay leaves 2 oz., cloves J oz., spirit of lavender 4 oz., spirit of thyme 4 oz. ; digest for G days, filter, and add ^ oz. of ether. To be rubbed on every morning. 10. Put into a still 4 ft> of honey, 12 handfuls of the tendrils of vine, and the same of rosemary tops ; distil very slowly till the liquor begins to taste sour. 11. Dr. Cattell’s. See Washes eor the Hair, below. Note. — The above ointments and liquids require to be used for some weeks, in order to produce a decided elfect, either iir curing or preventing baldness. Those which contain cantharides in any form are the most active, and must be used with caution. They should be applied once or twice a day, according to the efl'ect produced ; but if the scalp become sore, their tise must be intermitted for a time, or longer intervals allowed, ns the case may require. When employed to prevent the hair falling oft' or becoming grey, they need not be applied so frequently as for baldness. The following require no particular caution, being less active than the preceding. 22G HAIR COSMETICS. POxMATUMS, LOTIOxVS, &c. FOK EMBELLISHING, 8TKENGTHENING, AND CLEANSING THE HAIB. Pomatums, or Pummades. These are composed usually of animal fats, variously per- fumed. The lard, veal fat, beef and muttou suet, bear’s fat, and beef marrow, employed for this purpose, require to be prepared with great care. The following is perhaps the best mode. Cut the raw fat into pieces, carefully re- moving the fleshy and bloody portions of membrane, &c., and beat it in a marble mortar; melt it in a well tinned vessel placed in boiling water, and strain the melted fat through a hair-sieve without pressure (reserving the residue to be heated again and pressed for more fat, to be used for commoner purposes). Keep the melted fat for some time gently warm, without disturbing it; remove any scum which may have arisen, and pour olf the clear fat, taking care that none of the dregs or watery liquid which have subsided pass with it. A mixture of these fats forms the basis of many varieties of pomades. Some- times a little white wax is added. A greater degree of whiteness is said to be given by adding to the liquefied fat a few grains of citric acid. The same end is promoted by assiduously beating the pomade, while cooling, with a wooden spatula. To perfume pomatums, various essential oils &c. are added (see Common Pomatum) ; but the finer sorts are perfumed by infusing fresh flowers in the melted fats for some hours, and straining ; or, in other cases, the simple pomade is thinly spread on plates of glass set in frames, and the fresh flower stuck in the scored surface of the fat; changing the flowers daily till the pomatum is sufficiently perfumed. As these compounds can seldom be prepared to advantage by the retailer, a few varieties only require to be noticed here. Co.MMON Pomatum. Mutton suet (prepared as above) 1 lb, prepared lard 3 ib ; melt together in a water bath, pour it rOMATTJMS, LOTIONS, ETC. 227 into an earthen basin, and beat it assiduously wiib a wooden spatula. When sufficiently cool, add 2 oz. or q. s. of essence of bergamot, or of lemon, and continue the stirring till nearly cold. Eose Pom.\tum. Prepared lard 16 oz., prepared suet 2 oz.; melt with a gentle beat, and add 2 oz. of rose-water, and 6 drops of otto of roses. Beat them well together, and pour it into pots before it is too cold. For making jessa- mine, violet, and orange pomade, put the same quantity of water, and 1 drachm of the essence. M.vkrow Pomatum. Beef marrow and beef suet, coloured with a little annotto, may be employed for this and other yellow pomatums. For the perfumes employed for these and other pomatums, see Essence for scenting Pomatums, under Perfumery. Pomade for Beautifying the Hair. Oil of sweet almonds a pint, spermaceti oz., purified lard 2 oz. ; melt with a gentle heat; when nearly cold add any agreeable scent, and pour it into pots or wide-mouthed bottles. Bears’ Grease (artificiau). Bears’ grease is imitated by a mixture of prepared veal suet and beef marrow. It may be scented at pleasure ; oil of lavender with a very little oil of thyme is sometimes used. The following are some of the compounds sold under this name : — 1. Prepared suet 3 oz., lard 1 oz., olive oil 1 oz., oil of cloves 10 drops, compound tincture of benzoin 1 dr. ; mix. 2. Lard 1 ft, solution of carbonate of potash 2 oz. 3. Olive oil 4 flasks, white wax 4 oz., spermaceti 2 oz.; scented with otto of roses and oil of bitter almonds. Green Bear’s Grease. Bear’s grease digested with fresh walnut leaves, and strained. This is repeated with more leaves till the pomade is sufficiently coloured ; it is then scented with oil of rosemary, thyme, and bergamot. German Pomade, for Strengthening the Hair. Take S oz. of purified marrow, melt it in a glass or stone-ware vessel, and add 1^ oz. of fresh bay leaves, 1 oz. of orange leaves; 1 oz. of bitter almonds, \ oz, nutmegs, a oz. of 228 HAIE COSMETICS. cloves, aiul 1 dr. of vanilla, all bruised; cover the vessel, and let the whole digest for 24 hours, with a gentle heat ; strain while warm through linen, and stir it as it cools. Hard, or Koll Pomatdm. 1. Suet rj tt>, white wax 8 oz., spermaceti 2 oz., oil of lavender and essence of ambergris each i oz. 2. Beef suet 16 oz., white or yellow wax 1 oz., with 1 dr. of oil of lavender or of bergamot. 2. Lard melted with one-third or half its weight of white wax, and poured into semi-cylindrical paper moulds when nearly set. This is sold under the name of ms- mdiqne. It is sometimes coloured to match the hair. See after Hair Dyes, below. Coloured Pomatums. The colouring matters employed are annotto, alkanet, marigold, carmine, indigo, cobalt blue, umber, ivory black, &c. Circassian Cream. Two flasks of oil, 3 oz. of white wax, 2 oz. of spermaceti, a oz. of alkanet root. Digest the oil with the alkanet till coloured, strain, melt the wax and spermaceti with the oil, and when sufficiently cool add 2'4 dr. of English oil of lavender, and ^ dr. of essence of ambergris. Crystalline Cream. Oil of almonds 8 oz., spermaceti 1 oz.; melt together; when a little cooled add A oz. or less of essence of bergamot, or other perfume; put it into wide-mouthed bottles, and let it stand till cold. Camphorated crystalline cream may be made by using camphorated oil (Lin. CamphortE) instead of oil of almonds. Castor Oil Pomade. Castor oil 4 oz., prepared lard 2 oz., white wax 6 dr., essence of bergamot 2 dr., oil of lavender 20 drops, eau de Cologne § dr. ; stir till cold. Crystalline Castor Oil Pomade. Castor oil 16 oz., spermaceti If oz.; melt together, and when a little cool add 1 oz. of essence of bergamot, \ dr. oil of verbena, 4 dr. oil of lavender; pour it into wide-mouthed bottles, and let it stand till cold. Fox’s Cream. Marrow pomatum 2 oz., oil of almonds 2 oz. ; melt, and add while cooling, with constant stirring, essence of jessamine or of bergamot 2 dr. — Batem.an. 229 IlUILES ANTIQUES. perfumed oils for the hair. Tlie basis of tliese oils is either almond oil, olive oil, or oil of ben; whichever is used should be perfectly fresh, and of the finest quality. The perfume is communicated in three ways : by infusing the flowers in the oil by a gentle heat; by placing layers of flowers alternately with folded cotton soaked in the oil, in proper frames, and pressing out the oil when suflSciently imbued with the odour of the flowers ; or simply by adding essential oils &c. to the fixed oil. An example or two of each method will be sufficient. Oil of Eoses, by Infusion. Heat in a water-bath 1 lt» of virgin oil, and add 1 lb of picked fresh petals of Pro- vence roses. Let these remain together in the water-bath for half an hour; then remove from the bath, and leave them together for 24 hours, stirring them twice dining the time. Strain through a cloth, and express all the oil. To this oil add fresh roses, and proceed ns be- fore ; repeating this for 5, 0, or 7 times, till the oil is sufficiently perfumed. Oil of .Jessamine, Perfumed whth the Flowers. Fold pieces of white cotton cloth twice or four times; moisten them with fine olive oil, slightly pressing them, and place them in proper frames. Then place on the cloths a rather thick layer of fresh-gathered and dry jessamine flowers, carefully deprived of all gi-een parts. In 24 hours care- fully remove the flowers, and replace them by fresh ones, till the oil is sufficiently perfumed. The oil is then expressed. The same method is employed in preparing oils from other delicate flowers ; as violet, lily of the valley, &c. Oil of Eoses, Common. Fine olive or almond oil a pint, otto of roses 10 drops. If required red, colour the oil with alkauet root, and strain before adding the otto For common sale, essence of bergamot or of lemon is often substituted, wholly or in part, for the more expen sive otto. X 230 HAIE COSMETICS. Perfumed Oil of Bergamot, Lemon, Orange, &c. To oil of ben, or finest almond or olive oil, add essential oil of bergamot, lemon, &c., q. s. For common purposes a drucbm of the essential oil may be added to l(i oz. of oil. Some recipes, however, direct as much as 1^ oz. or 2 oz. Oil of Ambergris and Musk. Ambergris 2 dr., musk i dr.; grind them together in a mortar, then with a small quantity of oil ; add more oil to make tip a pint, and let them stand together for 12 days, stiniug them occasion- ally. Then decant or filter. Add half a pint of oil to the residue for an oil of second quality. Common Oil of Musk, Oil of Benzoin, Oil of Styrax, &c., may be obtained by mixing a strong tincture of these drugs with fine oil, agitating them frequently together, and, after remaining some hours at rest, decanting the clear oil. IIuiLE CoMOGENE. Mix equal parts of oil and spirit of rosemary with a few drops of oil of nutmeg. To be used daily. Huile de Phenix. Clarified beef marrow 4 oz., lard 2 oz., oil of mace 4 oz.; melt together, and strain through linen into a warm mortar; stir, and when it begins to cool add the following solution, and stir constantly till it is quite cold : — Oil of cloves, lavender, mint, rosemary, sage, and thyme, of each ^ dr. ; balsam of tolu 4 dr., camphor 1 dr., rectified spirit 1 oz. Put the spirit and balsam in a phial, and place it in warm water till the solution is complete, then add the camphor and essential oils. Huile Philocome d’Aubril. Triturate together, without heat, equal parts of cold-drawn nut oil, almond oil, and prepared beef marrow, adding any essential oil as a 2ier- fume. Huile Verte. Macerate I dr. of guaiacum with 1 fb of olive oil ; strain, and add any essential oil to perfume it. — Gray. Marrow Oil. Clarified beef marrow, or marrow pomatum, with enough almond or olive oil to bring it to tlie desired consistence. Fluide de .Java. This consists of beef marrow, white wax, fine olive oil, and essential oils at pleasure. ■WASHES FOE THE HAIE. 231 Macassar Oil. The oil made by the natives in the island IS obtained by boiling the kernel of the fruit of a tree resembling the walnut, called in Malay, badeau. The oil is mixed with other ingredients, and has a smell approaching to that of creasote. But the Macassar oil sold 111 this country has probably no relation to the above, except in name. The following is given by Gray ; —Olive oil 1 lb, oil of origanum 1 dr.; others add lA dr. of oil of rosemary. The following French compound IS probably named Macassar oil rather to denote its properties than from any resemblance either to the pro- duct of Macassar, or to the oil sold under this name in F.ngland; — Huile de Macassar, de Naquet. Oil of ben 14 pints, nut oil 7 pints, spirit of wine 1 quart, essence of bergamot 3 oz tincture of musk 3 oz., spirit of orange (esprit de Portugal) oz., otto of roses 2 dr., alkanet to colour it. Digest them together with a gentle heat for an hour, and shake frequently for a week. WASHES FOE THE HAIE. Vegetable Extr.\ct for Cleansing and Strengtiien- ^ ING THE Hair. 1. Southernwood 2 oz., box leaves (i oz., water 4 pints. Boil gently in a saucepan for ^ of an hour, strain, and to each pint of the liquid add 2 oz. of spirit of rosemary and a dr. of salt tartar (or 1 dr. of Naples soap). 2. Boil ] lb of rosemary in 2 quarts of water, and add to the filtered liquor 1 oz. of spirit of lavender, and 4 oz. of Naples soap, or of salt of tartar. 3. Incinerate 2 oz. each of rosemary, maidenhair soiitheriiwood, myrtle bei-ries, and hazel bark; make a strong solution of the ashes, with which wash the hair at the roots every day. Keep the hair short. — Dr. Cattell. 4. Borax 1 oz., powdered camphor 4 oz., boiling water a quart. When cold filter for use. Damp the hair with it frequently. Wash for Eemovino Scurf, and Promoting the Curl- ing OF the Hair. 1. Beat up the yolk of an egg with 232 IIAIE COSMETICS. a pint of clean rain water. Apply it warm, and afterwards wash the Lead with warm water. '2. Lime water a pint, distilled vinegar J of a pint. Mi.\. COMPOUNDS FOE STIFFENING THE HAIE. Eau Collante. Dissolve, without heat, 8 oz. of clear gum in 2 Ib of distilled or rose water, and filter through coarse filtering paper. Bandoline, ok Fixateub. Vegetable mucilage, with suffi- cient spirit to preserve it. Mucilage of quince seed is used : mucilage of picked Irish moss, carefully strained, is said to answer still better. But the following is em- ployed by some London perfumers : — Finest picked gum tragacanth, reduced to a coarse powder, I oz., rose-water a pint ; put them into a wide-mouthed vessel, and shake them together daily for 2 or 3 days ; then strain with gentle pressure through fine linen or cambric. If required to be coloured, infuse cochineal in the water employed before making the mucilage. Another form is— linseed (not bruised) a tablespoonful, water ^ pint; boil for 0 minutes, and strain. PoMMADE Collante, for False Curls. Melt together in an earthen pipkin 24 oz. of fine Burgundy pitch, and 8 oz. of white wax, and add I oz. of pomatum ; remove from the fire, and add 4 oz. of brandy or other spirit, replace it on the fire till it boils slightly, then strain through linen, adding bergamot or other perfume, and cast it into moulds. HAIE DYES. Orfila’s Hair Dye. Take 3 parts of litharge and 2 of quicklime, both in an impalpable powder, and mix them carefully. When used, a portion of the powder is mixed with hot water or milk, and applied to the hair, the part being afterwards enveloped in oil skin, or a cabbage-leaf, for 4 or 5 hours. 2. Litharge 2 parts, slaked lime I part, chalk 2 parts, all finely powdered, and accurately mixed. When required HAIR DYES. 233 for use, mix tiie powdei- with warm water, and dip a brush in the mixture, and rub the hair well with it. After 2 hours, let the hair be washed. 3. Litharge 4^ oz., quicklime J oz ; reduce to an im- palpable powder, and pass it through a sieve. Keep it in a dry, close bottle. Wash the hair first with soap and water, then with tepid water; wipe it dry, and comb with a clean comb. Mix the dye in a saucer, with hot water, to the consistence of cream, and apply it to the hair, beginning at the roots. Place over it four folds of brown paper, saturated with hot water, and drained till cool ; and over this an oilskin cap and a nightcap. Let it remain from 4 to 8 hours, according to the shade re- quired. When removed, oil the hair, but do not wet it for 3 or 4 days. 4. Chevallier’s. Mix 5 dr. of fresh slaked lime with l^oz. of water, and strain through silk; put the milk of lime into a 4-oz. bottle. Dissolve 5 dr. of acetate of lead in sufficient water, and add enough slalted lime to saturate the acetic acid (a drachm, or rather more), let it settle, pour off the supernatant liquor, wash the precipitate with water, and add it to the milk of lime. .0. Dr. Hanmaxn’s. Levigated litharge 11 oz., pow- dered quicklime 7.5 oz., hair powder 37 oz.; mix. When used, a portion of the powder is mixed with warm water in a saucer, and applied to the hair with the fingers, taking care to cover the hair to the roots. Cover the wliole with a sheet of cotton wadding moistened with water, and this with a folded cloth. Let it remain on for 3 hours; or better, for the night. (i. Warren’s. Sifted lime 10 oz., white lead 2 oz., litharge in fine powder 1 oz.; mix well together, and keep dry. To dye black, mix a little pow'der with water to the consistence of cream. To dye brown, use milk instead of w'ater. Apply with a small sponge to every hair. Essence of Tyre. Grecian Water. Eau d’Egypt. Eau de China. These are solutions of nitrate of silver: in applying them it must be remembered that they stain the skin as well as the hair. Hence there is more diffi- X 2 234 HAIE COSMETICS. culty in applying than in the preceding; but they ore considered to impart a finer colour to the hair, with the disadvantage, however, of rendering it dry and crisp. The following are some of the most approved formal® ; — 1. Dr. Cattel 8. Nitrate of silver 11 dr., nitric acid 3 dr., distilled water 1 pint, sap green dr., gum Arabic 1 dr.; mix. ~. Nitric acid 1 dr., nitrate of silver 10 dr., sap green 9 dr., nuicilage 5 dr., distilled water fluid oz. d. Silver 2 dr., iron filings 4: dr., nitric acid 1 oz., dis- tilled water 8 oz. Digest, and decant the clear solution. 'J'o be carefully applied with a close brush. 4. Hydrosulphuret of ammonia 1 oz., liquor of potash 3 dr., distilled water 1 oz. Mix. Apply this with a tooth blush for 15 or 20 minutes : then brush the hair over with the following;— Nitrate of silver 1 dr., distilled water 2 oz., using a clean comb to separate the hair. PyjioGALLic Stain. Distil coarsely powdered nutgalls in a retort, dissolve the solid acid which sublimes in a little hot water, add the solution to the acid liquid w'hich passes over, separate the floating oil, shake the liquid with eharcoal, filter, and add a little spirit. La Fokest’s Cosmetic Wash fok the Hair. Red wine 1 Hi, salt 1 dr., sulphate of iron 2 dr. Boil for a few minutes, and add common verdigris 1 dr.; leave it on the fire 2 minutes, withdraw it, and add 2 dr. of pow- dered mu gall. Rub the hair with the liquid; in a few minutes dry it with a warm cloth, and afterwards wash with water. Pomatums, OR Cosmetiques, in sticks, for the hair. Black Pomatum, in sticks, for the eyebrows, whi.skers, &c. Prepared lard melted with a third of its weight of wax in winter, or half in summer, and coloured with levigated ivory black, and strained through tammy, or any material which will permit the fine particles of ivory black to pass through. Stir it constantly, and when it begins to thicken j)oiir it into paper moulds. Brown and Chesnut Pomatums are prepared in the same way, but coloured with umber, ROSEAI.VRY Paste. Levigated bole 4 oz., mvrrh Toz oil of rosemary 2 dr. (dissolved in 1 oz. rectified spffit) clarified honey q. s. * Saline Tooth Paste. Sulphate of potash 1 oz., bay salt ^ oz., clarified honey q. s., eau de Cologne 2 dr for essence of ambergris 30 drops.) ‘ ^ Vanilla Tooth Paste. (French.) Charcoal 1 oz., white hone} 1 oz., vnnilhi sugar J oz., Peruvian bark i oz and Y 242 TEETH AND MOUTH COSMETICS. n few drops of any essential oil. Tlie vanilla sugar may be made by triturating a drachm of saturated tincture of vanilla with 1 oz. of pure sugar, and drying the mixture with a gentle heat. White Tooth Paste. J. (French.) Orris, sal ammoniac, cream of tartar, of each 2 oz., tincture of cinnamon and tincture of vanilla of each ^ oz., oil of cloves 60 drops, clarified honey and syrup to form a paste. 2. Precipitated chalk 4 oz., sulphate of potash ^ oz., prepared honey sufficient to form a paste ; to be fla- voured with a few drops of otto of roses, or oil of cin- namon, &c. LIQUID PEEPARATIONS FOR THE TEETH AND GUMS. ASTRINGENT TINCTURE FOR THE TEETH AND GUMS. 1. Borax, alum, bay salt, of each a dr., spirit of camphor, tincture of myrrh, of each 1 oz., spirit of scurvy-grass (or of horseradish) 4 oz., tincture of ratanhy 2 oz.; mix, and shake occasionally for a day or two, then filter. A teaspoonful in a wine-glas.sful of water, to rinse the mouth after cleaning the teeth, or at any other time. 2. Tannin 1 dr., rose-water 4 oz., spirit of wine 2 oz., spirit of scurvy-grass (or of horseradish) 2 oz., essence of bitter almonds a few drops. Odoriferous Tincture of Myrrh. 1. Choice Turkey myrrh 3 oz., eau de Cologne a quart ; digest for 7 days, and filter. 2. To 18 fluid oz. of tincture of myrrh, add 2 oz. of essence of Cologne. (See Perfumery, p. 203.) If the tincture should not be quite clear, add a few gi\ of burnt alum, shake frequently, and filter in a day or two. Borated Tincture of Myrrh. 1. Myrrh 1 lb, eau de Cologne 16 lb, borax 1 lb, distilled water 3 lb, syrup 3 lb, essence (or tincture) of roses 6 dr., ratanhy root 4 oz. ; digest for 10 or 12 days, and filter. — Mr. Cockle. 2. Borax 1 oz., shell-lac ^ oz., myrrh 2 oz., spirit of camphor 2 oz., honey of roses 2 oz., rectified spirit a pint, Cologne essence 2 dr., orange-flower or rose water 4 oz.; PEEPABATIONS FOE TEETH AND GUMS. 243 digest for a few days in a wai-m place, shaking occasionally, and filter. 3. Borax 1 oz., sliell-lac ^ oz., water 8 oz.; boil together to 4 oz., and add spirit of scurvy-grass a pint, camphor ^ oz., myrrh 2 oz. ; digest, and filter. Antiscorbutic Elixir. Cinchona 3 oz., guaiaciim 5 oz., pelJitory 3 oz., orange-peel 2 dr., cloves 5 dr., saffron ^ dr., benzoin 2 dr., spirit of wine or brandy 32 oz. ; digest and filter. — Desforges. Desforge’s Extract of Pellitory. Pellitory root 5 oz., cinchona 1 oz., benzoin 1|- dr., essence of peppermint 3 dr., brandy a quart. Elixir of Roses. Cloves 1 dr., cinnamon 3 oz., ginger 2 oz., spirit of wine 2^ pints, oil of orange-peel 1 dr., otto of roses 1.5 drops, essence of peppermint 1 oz.; mix, digest for 15 days, and filter. Lefandiniere’s Elixir. Rasped guniacum w'ood ^ oz., pellitory 1 dr., nutmegs 1 dr., cloves | oz., oil of rosemary 10 drops, oil of bergamot 4 drops, brandy a pint; macerate for a fortnight, and filter. Eau de Bottot. Aniseed 4 oz., cinnamon 1 oz., cloves 1 oz., cochineal 2 dr., oil of mint 2 dr., spirit of wine or brandy 8 lb ; macerate 8 days, and filter. Eau Dentifrice de Stahl. Spirit of wine or brandy 2 gallons, rose-water 3 quarts, pellitory 5 oz., cypress root 3 oz., tormentil 3 oz., balsam of Pern 3 oz., cinna- mon 5 dr., goat’s rue 1 oz., ratanby 1 oz.: macerate for 0 days, shaking it occasionally; let it rest 24 hours, and pour off the clear. Add to the clear liquor, oil of mint Ij dr., cochineal 4 dr. ; in 3 or four days, filter. Eau DU Dr. O’Meara. It is a tincture of pellitory, vetiver, cloves, orris, and coriander, with ereasote, &c. Bories’ Odont.vlgic Elixir. Pellitory root 2 oz., simple spirit of lavender 10 oz., muriate of ammonia dr.; digest 24 hours, and filter. Greenough's Tincture. Bitter almonds 2 oz., Brazil wood 1 oz., cinnamon ^ oz., orris root f oz., cochineal, alum, salt of sorrel, each 1 dr., spirit of wine 32 fluid oz., spirit of scurvy-grass 1 oz. Hudson’s Preservative. Tincture of myrrh, tincture of 214 TEETn AND MOUTK COSMETICS. bark, cinnamon water, of each 3 oz., arqnebusade water 1 oz., powdered gum ^ oz. Chkltenham Dental Tinctuke. Camphor 4i oz., myrrh Freshrootsofhor.se- radish, flesh leaves of scurvy-grass and of mint, of each eaJh’f Pellitory, calamus, and rhatany, sfrain!^ Eau de Madame de la Vrilliere pour les Dents Cinnamon 2 oz., cloves 6 dr., fresh lemon- peel U oz.‘ lied rose-petals 1 oz., scurvy-grass 8 oz., spirit 3 ft- macerate 24. hours, and distil in a water-bath. 3"'ffuid 8 oz., cloves 1 oz., spirit 3. fluid oz., essence of ambergris 1 oz. (or amberffris a scruple; ; macerate 14 days, and filter. ^ “suh-ii^nf^ Fose-water 10 oz., sp lit of scurvy-grass 2 oz., tincture of galbanum 1 oz. ; colour with cochineal. ^"'a'^id ' ”y«>7 to the teeth from acid inedicmes. Bicarbonate of soda 4 dr., distilled mon^a 7 1^’’ Cologne 2 dr., aromatic spirit of am- monia 1 dn The mouth to be rinsed out with the lotion add swallowing any medicine containing an Lotion of Chlorinated Soda, for purifying the breath cleansing the mouth, removing unpleasant odours, &c! Liquid chlorinated soda 1 oz., distilled water 19 oz.; mix. A teaspoouful in a glass of water. The same direction applies to most of the above. STRONGER TINCTURES, SOLUTIONS, OR ESSENCES, FOR TOOTHACHE. These are applied by moistening a little cotton wool or lint with the liquid, and introduced into the cavity of the decayed and aching tooth. Where there is no cavity they are sometimes applied to the gums surrounding the TINCTURES ETC. FOB THE TOOTHACHE. 245 affected tooth. Most of them are stated by their several inventors or patrons to give “ immediate relief.” The cavity should be dried with lint before applying the remedy. 1. M. Pieste’s. Water of ammonia, with half the quantity of tincture of opium ; applied as above. 2. Creasote 1 dr., spirit of camphor 2 dr., laudanum 1 dr. Creasote is also used alone: so is ca7~vacrol, a liquid of similar properties. Laennec prescribes 1 part of creasote and 10 of alcohol. See also No. 14. 3. M. CoTTEKEAu’s. Ether saturated in the cold with camphor, and then a few drops of ammonia added. 4. Mr. Blake’s. Finely powdered alum 1 dr., spirit of nitric ether 7 dr. 5. Paragumj-roux, or Compound Tincture of Para Cress. Flowers of Para cress 4 parts, Italian elecampane (inula hifrons) 1 part, pellitory root 1 part, rectified spirit 8 parts ; macerate 14 days, express, and filter. 6. Mr. Br.ande’s Tincture. Bruised pellitory ^ oz., camphor 3 dr., opium 1 dr., oil of cloves ^ dr., rectified spirit 6 oz.; digest for 10 days, and strain. 7. Pellitory, ginger, cloves, camphor, of each 1 oz., tincture of opium 4 oz., spirit of wine 10 oz.; macerate for 8 days, and strain. 8. Camphor 1 dr., ether 4 dr. ; dissolve. 0. Camphor 2 dr., chloroform 1 dr., spirit sal volatile 10. Opium 2 oz., mastic \ oz., balsam of tolu 1 dr., camphor 1 oz., oil of cloves 1 dr., rectified spirit 10 fluid oz., oil of bitter almonds 8 drops. 11. Boeuhaave’s Odontalgic. Eectified spirit 1 oz., camphor \ oz., opium 1 scruple, oil of cloves 80 drops. 12. Lemazurier’s Odontalgic. Cherry-laurel water 2 oz., acetate of morphia 1 gr. Wash the mouth with warm water to a glass of which a few drops of this mix- ture have been added. 13. Oil of rosemary 2 oz., tincture of galbanum 1 oz.; mix. Cotton wet with this is to be introduced into the ears. 216 TEETH AND MOUTH COSMETICS. 14. lliOHiNi’s. Alcohol 4 dr., creasote 0 dr., tincture of cochineal 2 dr., oil of peppermints drops. 15. Mr. Dkuitt’s. Tannin 20 gr., mastic 5 gr., ether 2 dr. Wash the mouth with warm water containing a little carbonate of soda; lance the gums, and apply the tincture to the cavity of the tooth on cotton. 16. Mr. Tomes recommends a solution of mastic in chloroform. The mastic serves to retain the chloroform, but the latter may be used alone on cotton or lint. Mr. Beatson uses a solution of copal in chloroform. Henbane Fumigation for Toothache. A popular re- medy is to throw henbane seed on hot cinders, inverting a cup over them to receive the smoke and empyreu- matic oil produced. The cup is then filled with hot water, and the steam conveyed to the affected side of the mouth. Dr. Downing’s Aneuralgicon would probably prove a more effective means of applying remedies of this kind. PILLS, OE PASTES, FOR TOOTHACHE. MASSES ODONTALGIQUES. 1. De Handel’s. Opium 12 gr., camphor 24 gr., cajeput oil 4 drops, tincture of cantharides 4 drops, extract of henbane and of belladonna, of each 24 gr., distilled water of opium q. s. 2. Vogler’s. Powdered opium 1 oz., mastic 2 dr., sandarach 2 dr., dragon’s blood ^ dr., oil of rosemary 8 drops, spirit to form a paste; to be applied near the affected tooth. 3. Powdered alum 1 dr., powdered mastic ^ dr., spirit of nitric ether q. s. to form a paste. 4. Rust’s. Opium 5 gr., oil of cloves 3 drops, extract of henbane 5 gr., extract of belladonna 10 gr., powdered pellitory sufficient to form a paste. CEMENTS &c. FOE STOPPING THE CAVITIES OF TEETH. These are harder than the preceding, and intended to remain in the tooth for an indefinite time. In all cases the cavity should be previously cleared from all extraneous matters, and wiped perfectly dry with a piece of lint or blotting paper. 1. Soubeiran’s. Powdered mastic and sandarach, of each 4 drachms, dragon’s blood 2 dr., opium 15 gr. ; mix with sulficient rectified spirit to form a stiff paste. A solution of mastic, or of mastic and sandarach, in half the quantity of alcohol, is also used, applied with a little cotton or lint. 2. Sandarach 12 parts, mastic G parts, amber in powder 1 part, ether G parts. Applied with cotton. Or simply a paste of powdered mastic and ether. Or a saturated ethereal solution of mastic, applied with cotton. 3. Taveare’s Cement is made with mastic and burnt alum. Bernoth directs 90 parts of powdered mastic to be digested with 40 of ether, and enough powdered alum added to form a stiff paste. 4. Gutta percha, softened by heat, is recommended. Dr. Eollfs advises melting a piece of caoutchouc at the end of a wire, and introducing it while warm. 5. Gauger’s Cement. Put into a quart bottle 2 oz. of mastic and 3 oz. of absolute alcohol; apply a gentle heat by a water-bath. When dissolved, add 9 oz. of dry balsam of tolu, and again heat gently. A piece of cotton dipped in this viscid solution, becomes hard when introduced into the tooth, previously cleaned and dried as above. G. Mr. Eobinson’s. After washing out the mouth with warm water, containing a few grains of bicarbonate of soda, and cleaning the cavity as above directed, he drops into it a drop of collodion, to which a little mor- phia has been added, fills the cavity with asbestos, and 24S TEETH AND MOUTH COSMETICS. saturates with collodion, placing over all a pledget of blotting paper. 7. Osteiimaier’s Cement. Mix 12 parts of dry phos- phoric acid with 13 of pure and pulverized quick lime. It becomes moist in mixing, in which state it is intro- duced into the cavity of the tooth, where it quickly be- comes hard. [In some hands this has failed, from what cause we are not aware.] The acid should be prepared as directed under Trade Chemicals (Acid, Phosphoric). 8. SinciA. This name has been given to a mixture of Paris plaster, levigated porcelain, iron filings, and dregs of tincture of mastic, ground together. 9. Wirth’s Cement. It is said to consist of a viscid alcoholic solution of resins, with powdered asbestos. 10. Metallic Cements. Amalgams for the teeth are made with gold or silver, and quicksilver, the excess of the latter being squeezed out, and the stiff amalgam used waiTO. Inferior kinds are made with quicksilver and tin, or zinc. A popular nostrum of this kind is said to con- sist of 40 gr. of quicksilver and 20 of fine zinc filings, mixed at the time of using. Mr. Evans states that pure tin, with a small portion of cadmium, and sufficient quick- silver, forms the most lasting and least objectionable amalgam. The following is the formula: Melt 2 parts of tin with 1 of cadmium, run it into an ingot, and reduce it to filings. Form these into a fluid amalgam with mercury, and squeeze out the excess of mercury through leather. Work up the solid residue in the hand, and press it into the tootli. Or, melt some bees’ wax in a pipkin over the fire, throw in 5 parts of cadmium, and, when melted, add 7 or 8 parts of tin in small pieces; pour the melted metals into an iron or wooden box, and shake them till cold, so as to obtain the alloy in a powder. This is mixed with 2^ or 3 times its weight of quicksilver in the palm of the hand, and used as above. Another cement consists of about 73 parts of silver, 21 of tin, and 0 of zinc, amalgamated with quicksilver. An amalgam of copper is said to be sometimes used. But this class of stoppings is altogether disapproved of by other authorities. Pure leaf gold seems the least objectionable. CEMENTS FOE STOPPING CAiaTIES. 219 11. Marmoratum. Finely levigated'glass, mixed with tin amalgam. 1-2. Foudre Metallique. The article sold under this name in Paris appears to be an amalgam of silver, mercury, and ammonium, with an excess of mercury, which is pressed out before using it. 13. Fusible Metal. Melt together^ parts of bis- muth, 5 of lead, 3 of tin, and 1^ or PO of quicksilver, with as little heat as possible. — Chaudet. Paste for Destroying the Sensibility of the Dental Pulp Previous to Stopping. Arsenious acid 30 grains, sulphate of morphia 20 grains, creasote q, s. [Unsafe; it is only inserted by way of warning against what may prove an unsuspected cause of mischief.] Pivots for Artifical Teeth. An alloy of platinum and silver. Springs for Artificial Teeth. Equal parts of copper, silver, and palladium. — Chaudet. [For Cachou Aromatise, and other compounds for sweetening the breath, see Perfumery.] BEVERAGES, DIETETIC ARTICLES & CONDIMENTS. BEVERAGES, AND POWDERS FOR PREPARING THEM. We have placed here such beverages as are rather employed as a refreshing luxury than either medicinally or as regular articles of diet. Wines, spirits, &c., are neces- sarily excluded. The medicinal mineral waters will be found elsewhere. Gingeh Beer. 1. Infuse 3 oz. of bruised ginger in 4 gal- lons of boiling water till cold. Strain through tammy or flannel. Dissolve in the liquor 5 It) of loaf sugar, and add half a pint of solid yeast, and 2^ oz. of cream of tartar. In cold weather it will be necessary to set the cask near the fire, so as to excite brisk fermentation. As soon as this subsides rack off the clear liquor, return it into the cask previously washed out, and allow it to work for a day or two longer. Then draw it oflT, and bottle it. — Mr. Donovan. 2. Ginger sliced 1 oz., dried orange-peel ^ oz. ; tie them in a bag, and boil with IG lb of water, and strain, add J of an oz. of tartaric or citric acid, 25 drops of essence of lemon, and 24 oz. of loaf sugar. When suf- ficiently cool add 2 tablespoorifuls of fresh yeast; let it work for 12 hours, and bottle it. 3. Ginger sliced | oz., essence of lemon (rubbed with sugar) ^ dr., lump sugar 12 oz., boiling water 8 ft ; in- fuse till cold, and strain. Ferment as above, with 3 or 4 spoonfuls of yeast, and bottle. BEVERAGES. 251 4. Boil 24 oz. of bruised ginger and 3 ft of sugar iu 34 gallons of water for 20 minutes ; put into a large pan 1 oz. cream of tartar, and the juice and rind of 2 lemons ; pour the boiling liquor over them, and stir the whole well together ; wlien milk-warm add 4- pint of good ale yeast, cover it, and let it work for 2 or 3 days, skimming it frequently ; then strain it through a jelly-bag into a cask, add 4 of brandy, bung down close, and in 2 or 3 weeks bottle it iu the usual way. 5. Boil 22 ounces of bruised ginger in 3 gallons of water for 4 an hour ; add 20ft of white sugar, 18 ounces of lemon juice, 1 ft of honey, and 15 gallons of water, and strain through a cloth. When cold add the white of one egg, and 4 oz. of essence of lemon ; after standing 4 days bottle, and lay the bottles in a cellar for 3 weeks. 0. Prepare a clear decoction or infusion of ginger with sugar and lemon as above; but instead of fermenting it with yeast, charge it strongly with carbonic acid gas by- means of a machine. 7. Imperial Pop. Cream of tartar 3 oz., ginger 1 oz., white sugar 24 oz., lemon juice 1 oz., boiling water a gallon and half; when cool, strain, and ferment with 1 oz, of yeast, and bottle. Gir.vmbixg, or Limoniated Ginger Beer. 1. Boil 44 oz. of ginger with 1 1 quarts of water; beat up 4 eggs to a froth, and add them with 9 ft of sugar to the preceding. Take 9 lemons, peel them carefully, and add the rind and juice to the foregoing. Put the whole into a barrel, add 3 spoonfuls of yeast, bung down the barrel, and iu about 12 days bottle it off. In 15 days it will be fit for drinking; but it improves by keeping. 2. To 10 gallons of water add II4 ft of loaf sugar, and the whites of 10 eggs well beaten ; boil till the scum rises, and add 0 oz. of bruised ginger ; boil for 20 minutes, then pour the hot liquor on the rinds of 12 lemons thinly peeled ; when cold put into abarrel the juice of 12 lemons, 1 oz. of isinglass, a gill of brandy, and a spoonful of yeast, and fill the barrel with the liquor, lu a fortnight it will be ready to bottle. Ginger Beer Powders. Fine powder of .Jamaica ginger 252 BEVEHAGES : 4 or 5 drachms, bicarbonate of soda 3^ oz., refined sugar in powder 14 oz., essence of lemon 30 drops. Mix, and divide into 5 dozen powders. (Or 4 to 5 grains of ginger, 28 of bicarbonate of soda, 112 of sugar, and ^ drop of e.ssence of lemon, in each powder.) In the other powder put 32 grains of tartaric acid ; or 35 grains if a more de- cidedly acidulated beverage is required. Or from 30 to 33 grains of citric acid. [Other formulffi are also in use. Dr. Pereira gives the following ; Bicarbonate of soda 30 gr., white sugar 1 dr., powdered ginger 5 gr., in each blue paper: and 25 gr. of tartaric acid in each white paper. This is less agreeable, but perhaps more friendly to the stomach, than when the acid is in slight excess. *The following is from the Pharmaceutical Journal ; — Sugar 2 dr., sesquicarbomite of soda 2 scruples (misprinted 2 drachms in vol. 3), ginger 4 or 5 gr., essence of lemon 1| or 2 drops in each blue paper; with 35 gr. of tartaric acid.] Ginger Beer Powder, in one Bottle. (The soda, acid, and sugar must be very carefully dried separately, and at a temperature not exceeding 120°) Fine powder of Jamaica ginger 4 or 5 dr., bicarbonate of soda 3^ oz., double refined sugar 14 oz., essence of lemon 30 drojis, tartaric acid 4^ oz. The acid and soda should not be too finely powdered. Mix the powders, recently dried, in a warm mortar, and immediately put the mixture into dry bottles, and cork securely. A measure holding 3 drachms should accompany each bottle. King Cup; or Lemon Drink without Acid. 1. Pour a quart of cold water on the thin peel of 1 or 2 lemons ; let them infuse 0 or 8 hours; then strain. — Mr. Brande’. 2. Pour a pint of boiling water on the outer rind of one lemon, a small piece of dried orange-peel, and a ^ moderate-sized lump of sugar. Lemonade, Acidulated (not Aerated). 1. Fresh lemon- juice 4 oz., fresh lemon-peel (thinly peeled) i oz., white sugar 4 oz., boiling water 3 pints. Strain when cold. — Mr. Brande. 2. Imperial. Cream of tartar 1^ drachm, a slice of thiu lemon-peel, a lump of sugar; pour on them a quart AND POWDEES FOB PBEPAEING THEM. 2-53 of boiliug water. Strain when cold. To be taken as a cooling drink. 3. Common. Cut 2 lemons into slices, add 2 oz. of sugar, and pour on them a quart of boiling water. It is sometimes made with cold water. 4. French. Syrup of citric acid 2 oz., water a quart, spirit of lemon-peel a teaspoonful. 0. Juice and thin peel of 1 lemon, citric acid 1 drachm, sugar 3 oz., boiling water a quart. It may be varied by substituting for the sugar syrup of raspberries, or of other fruits. Aerated or Effervescing Lemonade. This may be made by putting into each bottle (soda-water bottle) 1 oz. or li oz. of syrup of lemons, and filling it up with simple aerated water from the machine. [The syrup is made by dissolving 30 oz. of lump sugar in 16 oz. of fresh lemon juice, by a gentle heat. It may be aroma- tized by adding 30 or 40 drops of essence of lemon to the sugar; or by rubbing part of the sugar on the peel of 2 lemons; or by adding to the syrup an ounce of a strong tincture of fresh lemon peel ; or of the distilled spirit of the same.] Effervescing Lemonade, without a Machine. Put into each bottle 2 dr. of sugar, 2 drops of essence of lemon, ^ dr. bicarbonate of potash, and water to fill the bottle ; then drop in 3-5 or 40 grains of citric or tartaric acid in crystals, and cork immediately, placing the bottles in a cool place, or preferably, in iced water. Mr. Bartlett recommends 2 scruples of sesquicarbonate of soda, 2 dr. of sugar, 4 drops of essence of lemon, and half a pint of water ; lastly, a dr. of tartaric acid in crystals. Care must be taken to avoid accidents from the bursting of the bottles. Another form is — Into a soda-w’ater bottle nearly filled with water add I oz. of sugar, 2 drops of essence of lemon (dropped on the sugar), 20 grains of bicarbonate of potash in crystals ; and, lastly, 30 to 40 grains of citric acid, also in crystals. Cork imme- diately. Milk Lemonade. Dissolve I^ lb of sugar in a quart of boiliug water, add pint of fresh lemon juice, and the z 251. BEVEEAGES : same of sherry; and, lastly, two-thirds of a pint of cold milk. Stir together, and strain. Dry Lemonade, or Acidulous Lemonade Powder. Citric acid ^ oz., refined sugar 8 oz., essence of lemon 3G drops. Some recipes direct a larger quantity of acid, others a much larger proportion of sugar. Effervescing Lemonade Powders. Bicarbonate of soda 84 oz., refined sugar 14 oz., essence of lemon GO drops. [Sometimes 12 or more grains of the powdered yellow rind of lemon peel are added to colour it.] Mix, and divide into GO powders, or 140 gr. in each blue paper. In the white papers put from 30 to 32 gr. of citric acid, . or from 32 to 35 gr. of tartaric acid. Or the mixed alkaline powder and the acid may be put into separate bottles, furnished with measures holding the proper quantity of each. Effervescing Lemonade Powders, in one bottle. Note. — The powders must all be separately and carefully dried, at a moderate temperature, before mixing, and when mixed be carefully secured from the air. 1. Bicarbonate of soda 1 oz., refined sugar 3^ oz., tartaric acid IJ oz., essence of lemon 30 drops ; mix, and put into well corked bottles. 2. Mix 3^ oz. of bicarbonate of soda, 14 oz. of double refined sugar, CO drops of essence of lemon, and 4 oz. to 4^ oz. of tartaric acid. 3. Lemon Kali. Acidulated Kali. Sesquicarbonated soda 8 oz., tartaric acid 8 oz., refined sugar IG oz., essence of lemon 100 drops; mix. — Pharmaceutical .lournal. Orangeade, or Sherbet. 1. Juice of 4 oranges, thin peel of 1 orange, lump sugar 4 oz., boiling water 3 pints. 2. Juice and peel of 1 large orange, citric acid \ dr., sugar 3 oz., boiling water a quart. Effervescing or Aerated Orangeade, on Sherbet. 1. Mix 1 Ih of syrup of orange-peel, a gallon of water, and 1 oz. of citric acid, and chaige it strongly with car- bonic acid gas with a machine. 2. Syrup of orange juice f oz., aerated water half a pint. AND POWDKRS FOR PREPARING THEM. 3. Simple syrup ^ fluid oz,, tincture of orange-peel ^ dr., citric acid 1 scruple ; fill the bottle witli aerated water. 4. Put into a soda-water bottle 4 oz. to 1 oz. of syrup of orange-peel, 30 gr. of bicarbonate of potash, 8 oz. of water, and lastly 40 gr. of citric acid in crystals, and cork immediately. 5. Put into each bottle 2 or 3 dr. of sugar, 2 drops of oil of orange-peel, 30 gr. of bicarbonate of potash, or 23 gr. of bicarbonate of soda; water to fill the bottle, and 40 gr. of citric acid, as before. Aerated Sherbet or Orangeade Powders. Powdered sugar 14^ oz., powdered orange-peel 12 gr., oil of orange peel 00 drops, essence of cedrat 12 drops, bicarbonate of soda 3^ oz. ; mix, and put 145 gr. in each blue paper. In the white paper put 32 gr. of tartaric (or rather 30 gr. of citric) acid. Or the alkaline and acid powders may be put into separate bottles, with aimeasure holding the proper proportion of each. The orange-peel may be omitted. Aerated Sherbet Powders, in One, Bottle. Double refined sugar 144 oz., [powdered orange-peel 12 gr.] bicarbonate of soda 3 4 oz., essence of cedrat 12 drops, oil of orange-peel 00 drops, tartaric acid 4 oz. Tlie powders must be carefully dried, mixed quickly, and afterwards kept dry and securely corked. A measure holding nearly 3 dr. of the powder should accompany each bottle. Orangeade Powder, not Aerated. Citric acid 4 oz., sugar 8 oz., oil of orange-peel 20 drops. Soda Powders. The usual proportions are — 30 or 32 gr. of bicarbonate of soda in each blue paper; and 25 or 20 gr. of tartaric acid in each white paper. Aciduljited Effervescing Powders; for making elTer- vescing drinks with concentrated syrups of lemon, ginger, &c. Put into separate papers, distinguished by tbeir dif- ferent colours, 20 gr. of bicarbonate of soda, and 28 gr. of citric or tartaric acid. One of each powder to be dissolveed root, 1 oz. of minced shallots, 1 dr. of cayenne, to a quart of vinegar. Garlic vinegar is made with 2 oz. of minced garlic to a quart of wine vinegar. Shallot vinegar in the same pro- portion. Chilli vinegar, with 50 English chillies, cut or bruised (or 4 oz. cayenne iiepper), to a pint of the best vinegar ; digest for 14 days.] Camp Vinegar. Take 12 chopped anchovies, 2 cloves of garlic, minced, 1 dr. of cayenne, 2 oz. of soy, 4 oz. of walnut catsup, and a pint of the best vinegar; digest for a mouth, and strain. CULINARY VINEGARS, SAUCES, ETC. 273 2. Vinegar a quart, walnut catsup a pint, mushroom catsup tablespooufuls, garlic 4 heads, cayenne ^ oz., soy 2 tablespoonfuls, port wine 2 glasses. 3 anchovies, and a tablespoonful of salt ; put them into a bottle, shake daily for a month, and decant. Curry Vinegar. Infuse .3 oz. of curry powder in a quart of vinegar, near the fire, for 3 days. Easpberry Vinegar. Macerate 2 Ih of fresh raspberries with a pint of the best vinegar for 14 days, and strain. Or to a quart of the juice add 2 oz. of strong acetic acid, or enough to render it sufficiently acid. Eschalot Wine. Bruised shallots 3 oz., sherry wine a pint; infuse for 10 days. An ounce of scraped horseradish and a drachm of thin lemon-peel may be added. [“ The most elegant preparation of the onion tribe.” — Dr. Kitchener.] Wines of several herbs may be made in the same propor- tion as the vinegars. French Must.ard. This is sold with a great variety of flavours. A good substitute may be made by mixing good flour of mustard with the liquor of walnut and other pickles ; or with the flavoured vinegars, above. The following is one of the publislied recipes ; — Salt 12 oz., scraped horseradish 8 oz., a clove of garlic, ^ oz. of sugar, a gallon of French vinegar (hot, but not boiling). Macei ate for 24 hours, and strain. Mix with flour of mustard, q. s. Mustard eor the Table. Mix 8 spoonfuls of flour of mustard with 2 of salt, and 9 of water. Mix to a smooth paste, add G spoonfuls more of water, and mix. Essence of Anchovies. Beat 1 tb of anchovies in a Wedgewood mortar, and put them into a pipkin with 4 oz. of vinegar ; boil for a few minutes, and rub the pulp through a hair-sieve. Boil tlie bones in 1^ lb of water, strain, and add 2 oz. of salt, and 2 oz. of flour or starch, and the pulped anchovies ; let it boil, and pass it through a hair-sieve. It is usually coloured with powdered bole, or with annatto. Gum tragacanth is sometimes used to stiffen it instead of flour. Another method is, to simmer anchovies in their own weight of water for 2 or 3 hours, removing any scum that may rise, strain with pressure through p. strong canvas bag, and filter through flannel. 274 CULINARY VINEGARS, SAUCES, ETC. 'I'his has the pure flavour of the fish; but a little cayenne and salt may be added, to preserve it. Anchovy Paste. Pound the fish in a mortar, aud rub the pulp through a fine sieve. Put it into pots, and cover with clarified butter. Mushroom Catsup. Press the mushrooms in a tincture press, and boil the juice with ^ oz. black pepper-corns, 1 oz. pimento, ^ oz. of ginger, | oz. cloves, 1^ oz. shallots, and 8 oz. of salt, to each gallon. Some add 4 oz. of brandy. Or sprinkle the mushrooms wuth salt (a pound to 2 pecks), stir occasionally for 2 days, then squeeze them gently in a hair-sieve, aud boil the liquor with pepper aud other spices. Walnut Catsup. 1. Mix 6 half sieves of green w'alnut- shells with 2 or 3 Hi of salt in a wooden vessel ; let them stand G days, beating them frequently till they become pulpy; then drain ofl’ the juice, and boil it up with 4 oz. of ginger and allspice, and 2 oz. of long pepper and cloves. 2. Juice of walnuts 1 gallon, anchovies 2 Ih, shallots 1 lb, cloves, mace, and black pepper, of each 1 oz., and a clove of garlic. Boil for a short time, and bottle it. Lemon Pickle. Slice 0 lemons, rub them with salt, lay them in a stone jar, with 2 oz. each of allspice and white pepper, and ^ oz. each of mace, cloves, aud cayenne, aud 2 oz. each of horseradish aud mustard seed : pour over them 2 quarts of hot distilled vinegar ; and, after standing for a few days, strain. Some add garlic or shallots. Quin Sauce. Mushroom catsup ^ pint, walnut pickle i pint, port wine ^ pint, G anchovies, and C shallots (both pounded) ; soy a tablespoouful, cayenne | dr. ; simmer together gently for 10 minutes, strain, and bottle. ^VATERL00 Sauce. Vinegar 4 pints, port wine 1 pint, cayenne 1 oz., tvalnut catsup | pint, mushroom catsup pint, essence of anchovies 4 oz., powdered cochinecd 1 oz., garlic, 12 cloves. Epicurean Sauce. Indian soy 2 oz., walnut catsup, mush- room catsup, each 8 oz., port wine 2 oz., bruised white pepper ^ oz., shallots 3 oz., cayenne ^ oz., cloves ^ oz. Macerate for 14 days in a warm place, strain, aud add white wine vinegar to make up a pint. PICKLES. 275 Sauce Superlative (Dr. Kitchener’s). Port wine, ond rausliroom catsup, of each a pint ; walnut or other pickle liquor ^ pint, pounded anchovies 4 oz.; fresh lemon-peel cut thin, sliced shallots, and scraped horseradish, of each 1 oz. ; allspice and black pepper, of each 4 oz. ; cayenne 1 dr., curry powder 3 dr., celery seed 1 dr.; put them into a wide-mouthed bottle, stop it close, shake daily for a fortnight, and strain : a ^ pint of soy may be added. [A variety of sauces may be made by mixing, in different proportions, the ingredients of the last 4 sauces.] Cassareep. The expressed juice of the roots of the hitter cassava; used as a condiment in the West Indies. Soy. Boil a gallon of the seeds of dolichos soja till soft, add a gallon of bruised wheat, keep them in a warm place for 24 hours ; add a gallon of salt, and 2 gallons of water, and after keeping them bunged up in a stone jar for 2 or 3 months, press out the liquor. PICKLES. A few recipes are here given as illustration of the methods employed in preparing these condiments. For full par- ticulars the reader is referred to the popular treatises on Cookery. The best vinegar (pickling, or No. 24 vinegar) should be employed. Some prefer the crystal or white vinegar (distilled vinegar, or rather pure diluted wood vinegar) especially for white pickles; but the best wine vinegar is more agreeable. Stoneware jars, not glazed with lead, should be used to keep the pickles in ; or otherwise green glass jars. Spiced Vinegar, for Pickles generally. Bruise in a mortar 2 oz. of black pepper, 1 oz. of ginger, oz. of allspice, and 1 oz. of salt. If a hotter pickle is desired, add dr. of cayenne, or a few capsicums. For walnuts add also 1 oz. of shallots. Put these into a stone jar, with. a quart of vinegar, and cover them with a bladder wetted with the pickle, and over this a piece of leather. Set the jar on a trivet near the fire for 3 days, shaking it 3 times a day, then pour it on the walnuts or other 276 PICKLES. vegetables. For walnuts it is used hot, but for cabbage, &c., cold. But to save time, it is usual to simmer tlie vinegar gently with the spices; which is best done in an enamelled saucepan. Beet Hoot. Boil the roots till 3 parts done (from 1^ to 2^ hours); then take them out, peel them, and cut them iu thin slices. Put them into a jar, and pour on them sufficient cold spiced vinegar (as above) to cover them. Cabbage, White. Cut it in thin slices, put them into an earthen pan, sprinkle them with salt, and let them lie for 2 days; then drain them, and spread them out before the fire for some hours ; put them into a stone jar, and add sufficient white vinegar, or pale wine vinegar, to cover them, and a little mace and white pepper corns. Bed Cabbage. Bemove the outer leaves and stalks, and cut the cabbage in quarters, and shred them into a colander, and sprinkle them with salt; next day drain them, put them into a jar, and pour on them sufficient cold spiced vinegar to cover them. Others hang up the cabbage for a few days to dry, then shred the leaves, and put them in layers in a jar with a little salt, pepper, and ginger, and fill up with cold vinegar. Others use vinegar without spice. Cauliflower and Brocoli. These should be sliced, and salted for 2 or 3 days, then drained, and spread upon a dry cloth before the fire for 24 hours ; then put into ajar, and covered with spiced vinegar. Dr. Kitchener says, that if vegetables are put into cold salt and water (a lb of salt to a quart of water) and gradually heated to boil- ing, it answers the same purpose as letting them lie some days in salt. Cucumbers. Gherkins. Small cucumbers, but not too young, are wiped clean with a dry cloth, put into a jar, and boiling vinegar, with a handful of salt, poured on them. Boil up the vinegar every 3 days, and pour it on them till they become green; then add ginger and pepper, and tie them up close for use. Or cover them with salt aud water (as above) in a stone jar, cover them, and set ) them on the hearth before the fire for 2 or 3 days, till . they turn yellow ; then put away the water, and cover ■ PICKLES. 277 them with hot -vinegar, set them near tlie fire, and keep them hot for 8 or 10 days, till they become green; then pour oft' the vinegar, cover them with hot spiced vinegar, and cover them close. Mangoes. Large cucumbers, or small melons, are split so that a marrow-spoon may be introduced, and the seeds scooped out; they are then parboiled in brine strong enough to float an egg, dried on a cloth before the fire, filled with mustard seed and a clove of garlic, and then covered with spiced vinegar. True Mangoes the same. Mushbooms. Clean them with water and flannel, and throw them into boiling salt and water in a stewpan, and let them boil for a few minutes. Drain them in a colander, and lay them on a linen cloth, covering them with another. Put them into bottles with a blade or two of mace, and fill up with white vinegar, pouring some melted mutton fat on the top, if intended to be kept long. Nastuktiums, Fbench Beans, and other small green vege- tables, are pickled in the same way as Ghebkins. Onions. 1. Let them lie in strong salt and water for a fortnight; then take them out and peel them; put them in fresh salt and water for another fortnight; take them out, wash them clean, and let them lie in fresh water all night. Next day put them on a cloth to drain ; then put them in ajar, and pour over them hot spiced vinegar. If you wish them of a nice colour, use white vinegar. 2. Peel small silver button onions, and throw them into a stev pan of boiling water; as soon as they look clear, take them out with a perforated spoon, and lay them on a folded cloth, covered with another, and when quite dry, put them into a jar, and cover them with hot spiced vinegar. When quite cold, bung them down, and cover with bladder wetted with the pickle, and leather. Walnuts. Take 100 young walnuts, lay them in salt and water for 2 or 3 days, changing the water every day. (If required to be soon ready for use, pierce each walnut with a larding pin, that the pickle may penetrate.) Wipe them with a soft cloth, and lay them on a folded cloth for some hours. Then put them in a jar, and pour on them B B 278 PICKLES. sufficient of the above spiced vinegar, hot, to cover them. Or they may be allowed to simmer gently in strong vinegar, then put into a jar with a handful of mustard seed, 1 oz. ginger, ^ oz. mace, 1 oz. of allspice, 2 heads of garlic, and 2 split nutmegs, and pour on them sufficient boiling vinegar to cover them. Dr. Kitchener recommends the walnuts to be gently simmered with the brine, then laid on a cloth for a day or two, till they turn black, put into a jar, and hot spiced vinegar poured on them. Tomatoes. As Gherkins. See Cucumbers. Piccalilli, Indian, or Mixed Pickle. 1. To each gallon of strong vinegar put 4 oz. of cuiry powder, 4 oz. of good flour of mustard, 3 oz. of bruised ginger, 2 oz. of turmeric, 8 oz. of skinned shallots, and 2 oz. of garlic (the last two slightly baked in a Dutch oven), ^ Jh of salt, and 2 drachms of cayenne pepper. Digest these near the fire, as directed above, for spiced vinegar. Put into a jar, gherkins, sliced cucumbers, sliced onions, button onions, cauliflower, celery, brocoli, French beans, nasturtiums, capsicums, large cucumbers, and small melons. All, except the capsicum, to be parboiled in salt and water, drained, and dried on a cloth before the fire. The melons and large cucumbers to be prepared as directed above for mangoes. l*our on them the above pickle. 2. Take 1 ft of ginger-root, and § ft of garlic (both previously salted and dried), 2 gallons of vinegar, ^ oz.of turmeric, J ft of long pepper. Digest together for*2 or 3 days near the fire in a stone jar; or gently simmer them in a pipkin or enamelled saucepan. Then put in the above vegetables, or almost any except red cabbage and walnuts, all previously salted and dried. Brine, or Pickle, for Pork, &c. Brown sugar, bay salt, common salt, of each 2 ft; saltpetre 4 ft, water a gallon. Boil gently, and remove the scum. Another meat pickle is made with 12 lb of salt, 2 ft of sugar or treacle, i ft of nitre, and sufficient water to dissolve it. To cure Hams, mix 5 oz. of nitre with 8 oz. of coarse sugar; rub it on the ham, and in 24 hours rub in 2 tb of salt, and in a fortnight 2 ft more. The above is for a ham of 20 ft ; it should lie in the salt a month or 5 weeks. PICKLES, ETC. 279 Westphalian Essence, Cambrian Essence of Wood Smoke. These appear to be crude pyroligenous acid, or wood vinegar, and are used to give to hams, &c. the smoked flavour. The following has been published as the recipe for Essence of Smoke, but we apprehend it is far from being correct: — Macerate for several weeks ^ dr. of Barbadoes tar, 1 dr. of liquid burnt sugar, 5 dr. each of port wine and vinegar, dr. of salt, and 7 oz. of water. Lemon Juice, factitious. Dissolve 4 oz. of citric acid in 3 pints of water, with 8 drops of essence of lemon (rubbed with the acid, or dissolved in'a little spirit or tincture of fresh lemon-peel). After standing a few days filter it, and keep it in well-closed bottles. Orange Juice, factitious. Citric acid 1 oz., water 2 pints, oil of orange-peel 4 drops, tincture of orange peel ^ oz. As the last. TRADE CHEMICALS. MISCELLANEOUS PKEPARATIONS, & COMPOUNDS EMPLOYED IN THE ARTS, IN DOMESTIC ECO- NOMY, CHEMICAL RESEARCH AND AMUSE- MENT, &c. This division of the work comprises those chemical com- pounds which are employed for other purposes than those of medicine, and which have not been noticed in the former parts of this volume. It includes a variety of mis- cellaneous articles which are sometimes sold by the retail druggist, or the materials of which heis expected to furnish, or with the composition of which it is desirable he should be acquainted. The limits of the work do not admit of a minute description of the processes and manipulations employed in the manufacture of such chemicals as are only made on the large scale, and never by the retailer; nor of those chemical arts which have no immediate con- nexion with the trade. Acetates. Such as are employed in medicine will be found in the Pocket Formulary. The only Acetates requiring notice here are — Acetate of Alumina. This is made, for the use of dyers and calico printers, by decomposing acetate of lime by alum. It may be conveniently made by adding to a boiling solution of 5 parts of alum, a solution of 0 parts of sugar of lead. When the mixture is cold, the clear liquid is poured off ; from which the dry salt may he ob- tained by careful evaporation. It contains, besides acetate of alumina, some sulphate of potash. MISCELLANEOUS PEEPAEATIONS. 281 Acetate of Iron, or Iron Liquor. Usually obtained, for the use of dyers, by digesting scraps of iron iu redistilled wood-viuegar. (See page 019.) Acetate of Lime. Impure acetate (orpyrolignite) of lime, is made by neutralizing pyroligneous acid with cream of lime or chalk, and evaporating to dryness. By using pure acetic acid a purer acetate is obtained. Acetate of Soda. By mixing the above impure acetate of lime, iu solution, with a solution of sulphate of soda, filtering, and evaporating the clear liquid, an impure acetate of soda is obtained; which by repeated crystal- lization is rendered colourless, and fit for yielding pure concentrated acetic acid by distillation with sulphuric acid. Acetimetry. The strength of vinegar is estimated for the duty by an instrument named an acetimeter, which deter- mines the quantity of acetic acid present by the specific gravity of the vinegar after neutralization by slaked lime. Br. Ure’s plan is to add to a given weight of vinegar bi- carbonate of potash till exactly neutralized ; every 2 gr. of the bicarbonate indicate I gr. of real acetic acid. In this and the following operations it is convenient to use a tube graduated into 100 equal divisions, num- bered from the top downward (see Alkalimetry, below). The quantity of test solution used is then seen at once. In the present case the 200 grains of the alkaline car- bonate being dissolved in sufficient water to fill the gra- duated portion of the measure, each of the divisions used in neutralizing 100 grains of vinegar is equivalent to one per cent, of absolute acetic acid. Acid, Acetic. See Vinegar. For the methods of pro- curing the concentrated acetic acid, see Acidum Aceticum, Pocket Formulary. The process of the Edinburgh Phar- macopoeia yields a stronger acid than that of the London Pharmacopoeia. A strong acid, very suitable for making aromatic spirit of vinegar, is procured by distilling crystal- lized verdigris in an earthen retort coated with clay, into a series of 3 globes, connected by opposite tubulures, and kept constantly cool, the last being furnished with a Welter’s safety tube. The acid which comes over is B B 2 282 TEADE CHEMICALS. usually coloured, and requires to be rectified by a slow aud careful redistillation in a glass retort. Acetic acid of moderate strength may be rendered stronger by redistil- ling it over acetate of potash, rejecting the first portions that come over, and taking care that the temperature does not rise above 572° F. By redistilling it, rejecting the first and last portions, glacial acetic acid is procured. The same acetate of potash maybe used repeatedly. The process of the Dublin Pharmacopoeia yields a good pro- duct of glacial acetic acid. Acid, Chloric. Dissolve 7 parts of crj'stallized carbonate of soda, and 7^ of tartaric acid in 24 of boiling water; add to the boiling solution ti parts of chlorate of potash in 10 of water, at 212°, agitating the mixture. When quite cold filter, and add a solution of 0 parts of oxalic acid in 18 of water, heated not above 134°. Agitate well, and place the vessel in a freezing mixture of muriatic acid and sulphate of magnesia, and filter. [Not abso- lutely pure, but sufficiently so for technical purposes. It may be obtained pure by decomposing chlorate of barytes by sulphuric acid.] Acid, Chromic. It may be obtained pure by mixing bi- chromate of potash with nitrate of silver in solution, washing the precipitate, and decomposing it with an equi- valent quantity of muriatic acid. In a few minutes the clear solution may be poured off. A cheaper method, where great purity is not required, is to add from 120 to 150 volumes of strong sulphuric acid to 100 volumes of a cold saturated solution of bichromate of potash. Dry the acid which separates on porous tiles. Or add 2 parts of concentrated sulphuric acid to 1 part of dry chromate of lead, leave the paste for 12 hours, then treat it with water ; decant the clear red liquid, and evaporate it in a retort. Keep it boiling for some time, then allow it to cool. Most of the acid separates in crystals ; more may be obtained by evaporating the solution till its density is 1-55. Acid, Cinnamic. It is most readily procured by distilling genuine balsam of tolu by a gentle heat. The white crystalline mass which condenses on the neck of the MISCELLANEOUS PEEPAEATIONS. 283 retort, is purified by pressing it between blotting paper, dissolving in boiling water, and crystallizing. Acid, Fluoric. The anhydrous acid is made by distilling powdered fluor spar with twice its weight of oil of vitriol, in a leaden or rather silver alembic, the pipe of which fits into a bottle of the same material, surrounded with ice. But as it is usually required in a diluted state, water equal in weight to the spar may be put into the receiver. Great care must be taken, as the acid, both in its gaseous and liquid form, is very destructive. Acid, ITippuric. Mix the urine of the horse with milk of lime, boil for some minutes, and strain. Boil down the clear liquid to ^ of its bulk, avoiding burning; add hydrochloric acid, press the impure acid, boil it with fresh milk of lime, and again precipitate with hydrochloric acid. Acid, Iodic. Mr. A. Connell’s Method. Put 50 grains of iodine into a large tall flask ; add 1 oz. of fuming nitric acid, boil, and as the iodine sublimes and condenses on the sides of the flask, continually w'ash it back again with the acid. Continue this until none of the iodine remains unchanged. Then pour the whole into a shallow' eva- porating dish, and evaporate to dryness. Redissolve, and again evaporate till all the nitrous acid is got rid of. Acid, Muri.vtic, or Hydrochloric. Commercial muriatic acid is largely produced by the action of sulphuric acid on common salt, in the manufacture of sulphate of soda for the purpose of making soda ash and washing soda by the decomposition of that salt. From the impurity of the ingredients it is apt to be contaminated with arsenic and sulphurous acid ; as well as sulphurie acid, and iron. It may be purified from arsenic by re-distilling it over strips of bright copper. Dr. Gregory’s method of procuring pure muriatic acid is as follows: — Put into a matrass 0 parts, by weight, of purified salt, and 1 0 oz. of oil of vitriol previously diluted with 4 of water and cooled. Fix in the m.atrass a tube twice bent at right angles and having a bulb blown on the descending limb. Into a bottle sur- rounded with ice and water introduce distilled water equr.l in weight to the salt employed, and let the bent tube dip an eighth of an inch into the water. Apply a gentle heat 284 TBADE CHEMICALS. #0 of a sand-bath to the matrass as long as acid comes over. In about 2 hours the opiration will be finished. The water is increased two -thirds in bulk, and converted into hydrochloric acid of l'14or 1’15 sp.gr. To procure it of 1‘21 sp. gr. employ part of this acid during tbe first half of a similar operation, and it will speedily be sattirated. See also Acidum Hydrochloricum purum. Pocket Formu- lary. Mr. Phillips says a perfectly colourless acid may be obtained from the commercial sulphuric acid and com- mon salt. Acid, Nitric, and Fdmino Nitrous Acid. Put into an iron or stoneware pot, nitre or nitrate of soda, and add rather more than half its weight of strong sulphuric acid, and lute on a stoneware head. The vapour is conducted into a series of two-necked stoneware vessels containing a sixth of their capacity of water. The acid is usually obtained of the density of about l-4.h. It is coloured with nitrous acid gas, forming what is commonly but impro- perly termed nitrous acid. By gently heating the coloured acid in a retort, the nitrous acid is driven off, and the acid remains nearly colourless, usually of the density of 1’38 to 1'42. This is weaker than the Pharmacopceia directs, but sufficiently strong for most purposes. (See Acidum Nitricum, Pocket Formulary.) Its strength may be increased by mixing it with its volume of strong oil of vitriol, and slowly distilling off two-thirds of the nitric acid. This yields an acid of 1’5 sp. gr., such as is required for the preparation of gun-cotton, as well as in some phar- maceutical processes. Acid, Nitromuriatic. Aqua Regia. This is used in the arts, chiefly as a solvent for gold. By the mutual action of nitric and muriatic acids a compound of chlorine, nitro- gen, and oxygen is formed. The best proportions and strength of the acids are variously stated. Colourless nitric acid must be used. Mr. Elkington employs 21 parts of nitric acid, sp. gr., 1-45; 17 parts of muriatic acid, 1*15 sp. gr.; and 14 parts of water. This dissolves 5 parts of gold. For the nitro-muriatic acid employed by dyers as a solvent for tin, see Dyes, &c., below. Acid, Oxalic. Digest by the aid of heat 1 pai t of treacle, MISCELLANEOUS PREPARATIONS. 285 or of potato starch, in T) parts of nitric acid. sp. gr. diluted witli 10 parts of ^Yater, as long as gaseous pro- ducts are evolved. By evaporation the acid is obtained in crystals, and must be recrystallized till sufficiently pure. Mr. Lewis Thompson directs 28 oz. of sugar, 184 oz. of nitric acid of 1-245 sp. gr., to be digested at 125° F. It yields 80 or 31 oz. of acid. M. Schlesinger directs 4 parts of dry sugar, and 33 of nitric acid of 1-38 sp. gr. to be boiled to one-sixth of its original volume, and allowed to crystallize. This is the best method of operat- ing on a small scale, when the amount of product is not the principal object. Acid, Phosphoric. See Pocket Formulary. Dry phos- phoric acid is thus obtained. — On a fiat plate place a large bell glass, and under it a small porcelain cup or crucible. Introduce into the latter a piece of phosphorus, dried wiih blotting paper, and set it on fire by a heated wire. Let the bell glass be raised on one side to admit sufficient air to maintain combustion; and as the phos- phorus is consumed, introduce successive pieces, taking care that the glass does not become too hot. When the quantity of acid is considerable, knock it on the plate with an iron spoon, and put it into stoppered bottles. Several glasses may be used at once. It is used as a desiccating body, having the strongest attraction for water of any known substance. Also in making a stopping for teeth — see Teeth Cements. Acid, Pyrogallic. Heat powdered nutgalls in a dish covered with thin filtering paper pasted to its edges, and surmounted with a bell-formed receiver, keptcool. A solu- tion of the condensed acid, decoloured by animal charcoal, and mixed with spirit, is used to stain the hair (and skin) brown. Acid, Sulphuric. This is only made on a large scale; but the commercial acid requires purification for many chemical as well as pharmaceutical purposes, as it is usually contaminated with tin and lead, and frequently with arsenic, or selenium, and compounds of nitrogen. The purification of oil of vitriol by distillation is attended with some difficulty. No luting must be employed; and 28G TKADE CHEMICALS. to jirevent the violent jumpings which attend the ebulli- tion, strips of platina, or fragments of rock crystal, should be introduced into the retort. The receiver should be large, and the whole defended from currents of cold air. The first portions which come over should be rejected till the indigo test proves it to be free from nitric acid. By boiling a portion of the acid with a few drops of solu- tion of sulphate of indigo, the latter is discoloured if nitric acid is present. The Edinburgh Pharmacopoeia directs the nitrous acid to be got rid of by heating 8 fluid ounces of commercial oil of vitriol to near the boiling point with from 10 to 15 gr. of sugar. When sulphuric acid is diluted with water, the metallic impurities may be removed by a little solution of sulphuret of barium, and allowing the precipitates to subside, when the pure diluted acid may be decanted for use. Dry or Anhydrous Sulphuric Acid. Into a retort, placed in a freezing mixture, and having a receiver attached, put some dry phosphoric acid (see above), and add |ths of its weight of strong sulphuric acid. Eemove the retort from the freezing mixture, and place the receiver attached to it there ; a gentle heat being now applied to the retort, the anhydrous acid is obtained in silky crystals. Acid, Sulphurous. For the mode of obtaining an aqueous solution of this acid, see Acidum Sulphurosum, Pocket Formulary. The following are cheaper methods of ob- taining it for bleaching purposes, &c. Berthier directs a mixture of 100 parts black oxide of manganese, and 12 or 14 of sulphur, to be heated in a glass retort, and the gas received into water kept very cold. Mr. Redwood directs ^ oz. of powdered charcoal to be acted on by 4 fluid oz. of oil of vitriol. Treacle is sometimes used instead of charcoal ; so also is linseed oil. Acid, Tannic. Tannin. Place coarsely-powdered Aleppo galls in a damp cellar for 3 or 4 days, then mix it with sufficient sulphuric ether to form a soft paste. Place this in a close vessel for 24 hours, then wrapitin linen ticking, and submit it to the action of a powerful press. Scrape off the tannin from the surface of the ticking, remove the cake from within it, rub this into powder, form it into a MISCELLANEOUS PEEPAEATIONS. 287 paste with a mixture of 100 parts of ether aud 0 of water, well shaken together before pouring it on the galls, and proceed as before. Let the syrupy liquid thus obtained be thinly spread on plates, and dried at 1 13° Fahrenheit. Acids, Mixed, fob G.^lvanic Battekies. 1. For troughs, for general purposes, medical galvanism, &c. : Nitric acid 1 fluid oz., sulphuric acid 1^ fluid oz., water 4 pints. 2. Dr. Faraday. Oil of vitriol 2 fluid oz., nitric acid 1 fluid oz., water 5 pints. It should be dried by dipping into it a piece of sheet zinc. A continuous succession of small bubbles should be produced. 3. For Mr. Smee’s Battery. One measure of sulphuric acid to 7 of water. The intensity of its action is in- creased by the addition of a few drops of nitric acid, but this tends to destroy the plates. In electro-metallurgy the water should only contain a sixteenth of sulphuric acid. 4. For Mr. Gboves’ Battery; For the outer vessel, 1 part sulphuric acid to 7 of water : for the inner, concen- trated nitric acid. 5. For Daniel’s Battery; For the porous tube con- taining the zinc, 1 part of sulphuric acid with 10 of water. For the outer cylinder, a saturated solution of sulphate of copper, with a tenth part of sulphuric acid. 6. Nitro-sulphuric acid, for Dr. T. Wright’s Batteries ; Nitric acid 1 part, sulphuric acid 5 parts. The zinc plate is immersed in a solution of muriate of ammonia or of salt; the platinized zinc in the above acid. The platiniz- ing requires to be repeated every time the plate is washed. Acidimetry. Acids generally are estimated by the quantity of alkalies or carbonated alkalies required to neutralize them. Weigh 100 gr. of the acid and dilute it with a few times its weight of water. Then add sufficient dry or crystallized carbonate of soda, or carbonate of potash, to exactly neutralize the acid. The Alkaliraeter tube may be used for the solution of the alkali. By a reference to the table of chemical equivalents, the quantity of real ncid of any kind represented by the quantity of alkali required to neutralize it may be estimated. Acidulated Kali. See Beverages. 288 tea.de chemicals. Alcohol. There is, perhaps, no better method of obtaining ab.soliile alcohol than that of the Edinburgh Pharmaco- poeia. See Alcoliol, Pocket Formulary. Alkalimetiiy. TJie quantity of real alkali contained in the commercial alkalies (common soda, soda ash, potashes, pearlash, salt of tartar, &c.) is ascertained by the quantity of an acid solution of known strength required to neutral- ize it. For this purpose a tube, termed an Alkalimeteb, is used, which will hold 1000 grains of water. The tube may be three-fourths of an inch internal diameter, and 0^ inches in length; or five-eighth inches diameter and 14 inches in height; and should be graduated into 100 equal divisions numbered from the top downwards. The quantity of test acid used is then at once seen. This con- sists of sulphuric acid diluted with water so that each measure (10 grains) is equivalent to one grain of pure soda. To use it, dissolve 100 grains of the impure soda in 3 ounces of hot water, filter, and wa.sh the filter. Then add to the solution the test acid until the litmus or cab-> huge paper ceases to show an alkaline reaction. The same acid will serve for potash, if the number be multiplied by 3 and divided by 4. — Parnell. There are several other methods of performing the process. Alloys and Amalgams. A few only of these metallic com- pounds require notice here: — Fusible Metal. 1. Tin 8 parts, lend 4, bismuth 3 ; melt together, removing the scum. Used as a metal-bath. '2. Darcet’s, for the same purpose: Bismuth 8 parts, lead .0, tin 3. 3. Lead 3 parts, tin 2, bismuth 5. This melts at 107° Fahrenheit. 4. For anatomical injections: Melt together with a gentle heat 174 parts of tin, 312 of lead, 514 of bismuth, with a little charcoal; remove from the fire, and add 100 parts of mercury, previously heated. It is fluid at 173°; solid at 140° Fahrenheit. Bronze. 1. For medals and small castings: Copper 95, tin 4. 2. Copper 89, tin 8, zinc 3. 3. Ancient. Copper 100, tin 7, lead 7. MISCELLANEOUS PEEPAEATIONS. 289 4. Kelly’s. Copper 91, zinc (i, tin 2, lead 1. 5. For gilding: Copper 14, zinc G, tin 4. 0. Bell-meted. Copper 78, tin 22. German Silver. 1. Copper 40i,nickel 3U, zinc 25^, iron 2i. 2. Pure copper 55, nickel 2.3, zinc 17, iron 3, tin 2. Gold, Factitious. Platiua 7, copper 16, zinc 1; fuse to- gether. Common Gold. Copper 10, silver 1, gold 2. Or-molu. Copper 45 to 48, zinc 52 to 55. Solders. 1. For Gold : Pure gold 12 parts, silver 2, copper 4. Soft Solder, Tin 2 parts, lead 1. 3. For brass: Brass 2 parts, zinc 1. Alloys for Electrotype. C lichee Moulds. Bismuth 8 parts, tin 4, lead 5, regulus of antimony 1; melt repeatedly together, and pour out in drops, till perfectly mixed Amnhjam, for Electrical Machines. 1. Fuse 1 oz. of zinc with ^ oz. tin, at as low a temperature as possible; then add 14 oz. of quicksilver, previously made hot; mix, pour out, and when cold reduce it to powder, and tritu- rate it with sufficient quicksilver to bring it to a proper consistence. 2. Zinc 1 part, tin 1, quicksilver 2; melt together. 3. Zinc 2, tin 1, mercury 5. 4. La Beaume’s. Pour into a chalked wooden box 6 oz. of quicksilver; put into an iron ladled oz. bees’- wnx, with 2 oz. purified zinc, and 1 oz. of' grain tin; set It over a brisk fire, and when the metals are melted, pour them into the box, avoiding the dross. When cold reduce it to powder, and mix it with lard. Keep it in a box, covered with tallow, and spread it on leather for use. Liquid Amalyam.for Silveriny Globes, &c. Pure lead I oz.' grain tin 1 oz.; melt in a clean ladle, and immediately add 1 oz. of bismuth. Skim off the dross, remove the ladle from the fire, and, before the metal sets, add 10 oz. of quicksilver. Stir together, avoiding the fumes AmaUjam for Varnishing Figures. Melt 2 oz. of tin with ^ oz. of bismuth, and add | oz. of quicksilver. When cold, grind it with white of egg, and apply to the fio-ure Alum. It is prepared by lixiviating calcined aluminous schist, and concentrating the solution to I4 or 1-5 c c 290 TBADE CHEMICALS. density, niid adding the requisite quantity of muriate of potash, soap-hoilers’ ash, or kelp, to supply the alkali. By recrystallization it is obtained colourless. In some manufactories sulphate of ammonia, from gas liquor, is added to the lixivium, instead of muriate of potash. Homan or cubic alum is crystallized from a solution, the temperature of which is not allowed to exceed 104° F. It dift'ers from common alum in containing a larger quantity of base, a portion of which separates if the solution is heated to 120°. Another kind of alum, sometimes used as a mordant, consists almost entirely of sulphate of alumina, and is probably made by boiling fine clay, free from iron, with sulphuric acid, and cooling the solution so us to obtain a solid mass. See Dyks, &c. Amadou. Prepared from Boletus iguarius, B. fomentarius, and some other allied species of fungi. The fungus is cut in thin slices, the hard external parts removed, and the rest beaten with a mallet till soft. This forms sur- geon's ngnric. If intended for German tinder, it is soaked in a solution of nitre, and sometimes sprinkled with gun- powder, and carefully dried. Amalgams. See Alloy's, above. Ammonia, Sulphate and Carbonate of. An impure sulphate of ammonia, suitable for agricultural purposes, is obtained by neutralizing the ammoniacal liquor of gas works with sulphuric acid. By recrystallization it may be obtained in a state of greater purity. The carbonate (hydrated sesquicarbonate) is obtained by mixing either this sulphate, or sal ammoniac, with chalk, and subliming it in iron retorts into leaden receivers. It is fiinher purified by resublimiug it with a gentle heat. A sketch of the apparatus employed will be found in Dr, Pereira’s “ Elements,” Vol. I. Anatomical Subjects, and Animal Substances, to Pre- serve. 1. M. Gannal’s (So/n/m;). Common salt 2 Itr, alum 2 lb, nitre 1 Th, water 4 gallons. M. Gannal in- jects into the carotid artery a solution of sulphate of alumina, of density 1'280. From 5 to 7 pints are re- quired in summer, but less will suffice in winter. 2. Dr. Babington injects pyroxylic siiirit into the MISCELLAJfEOUS PEEPAEATIONS. 291 aorta, and a little into the cavity of the peritoneum and the rectum. 3. Mr. Goadby, for insects, and for preparations of their organs. Bay salt 4 oz., alum 2 oz., corrosive sublimate from 2 to 4 grains, water 1 to 2 quarts. The weaker pro- portions should always be employed in the first instance. Let the insect, or its organs, be covered with the fluid, which should be changed frequently. 4. For Mollnsca. Bay salt \ oz., arsenic ^ dr., subli- mate 2 gr., water a quart; dissolve. ■ ). Mr. PiGNE, for preserving pathological specimens. Creasote 3 to 0 drops, water a pint. G. Dr. Stapleton, for pathological specimens. In a quart of saturated solution of alum, dissolve ^ dr. of nitre. A recent preparation immersed in this liquid becomes discoloured; but within a few days the colour returns. It is then put up in a saturated and filtered solu- tion of alum. M. Reboulet proposes : Water 10 parts, chloride of lime 4, alum 2, nitre 1. 7. Chloride of tin 4 (or corrosive sublimate 5) parts, iii 100 of water, with 2 of muriatic acid. — Mr. Cooley. 8. For preserving Animals. Alum 32 oz., mix vomica 3 oz., water 5 pints ; boil to 4^ pints. When cold, filter, or decant. This serves for injection. The residue, mixed with yolk of egg. is used for anointing the interior of the skin, and fleshy parts left in skinning animals. !). For preserving Feathers. Strychnine 10 gr., recti- fied spirit a pint. See Stuffing Biiids, &c. Annotto, Purified. To a boiling solution of pearlash add as much annotto as it will dissolve. When cold, decant the clear solution, and neutralize with diluted sulphuric acid, avoiding any excess. Wash the precipitate with a little cold water, and dry it. Annotto, Solution of. Boil equal weights of annotto and pearlash with -water, and dilute to the required colour. Anti-attrition, and Axle Grease. 1. One part of fine black-lead, ground perfectly smooth, witli 4 parts of lard. Some recipes add a little camphor. 2. Booth’s Axle Grease. (Expired Patent.) Dis- 292 TBADE CHEMICALS. solve ^ It) common soda in 1 gallon of water, add 3 tb of tallow, and 6 lb palm oil (or 10 tij palm oil only); heat them together to 200 or 210° F.; mix, and keep the mixture constantly stirred till the composition is cooled down to 00 or 70°. A thinner composition is made with ^ tb of soda, a gallon of water, a gallon of rape oil, and i tb of tallow or palm oil. [See also Lubri- cating Compounds.] Anti-fekment. Sulphite of lime; or equal parts of sul- phite of lime and ground black mustard seed. Used to check the fermentation of cyder, &c. Aqua Fortis. Double aqua fords is nitric acid of 1'3G specific gravity; single aqua fortis, about D22. — Dr. Pereira. A compound acid was formerly used under this name by dyers, and for cleaning brass, consisting of strong spirit of nitre 20 lb, oil of vitriol 7 lb, water 30 lb. — Elaboratory Laid Open. Aqua Regia. See Nitromuriatic Acid, above. Arabine. Gum Arabic dissolved in water, and precipitated by alcohol. Argentum Musivum. Fuse ^ oz. each of grain tin and bismuth in a crucible, and add ^ oz. of mercury. Aurum Musivum. See Stanni Sulphureium, Pocket For- mulary. Dr. Ure directs 12 oz. of tin to be melted, and 3 oz. of mercury added. This amalgam is triturated with 7 oz. of sulphur, and three of sal ammoniac, and the powder put into a matrass, which is bedded deep in sand, and kept for several hours at a gentle heat. The heat is then raised, and continued for several hours, taking care not to raise it so high ns to blacken the mass. Arbor Diana:. See Trees, Metallic. Aromatic Pasties. See Perfumery. Baldwin’s Phosphorus. Heat nitrate of lime till it melts; keep it fused for 10 minutes, and pour it into a heated iron ladle. When cool, break it into pieces and keep it in a closely-stoppered bottle. After exposure to the sun’s rays, it emits a white light in the dark. B.ills for Horses. See Veterinary Formulary. ■ Balls, Ash. The ashes of fern, or other kinds of wood ashes, made into balls. MISCELLANEOUS PREPAEATIONS. 293 Balls, Heel. 1. Melt together 4 oz. of mutton suet, 1 oz of bees’-wax, 1 oz. of sweet oil, ^ oz. oil of turpentine, and stir in 1 oz. of powdered gum Arabic, aud ^ oz. of line lamp-black. 2. Bees’-wax 8 oz., tallow 1 oz., powdered gum I oz., lamp-black q. s. These are used not merely by the shoe- maker, but to copy inscriptions, raised patterns, &c., by rubbing the ball on paper laid over the article to be copied. Ull-athoune’s Balls answer the purpose very well. For copying ancient monumental brasses, a similar compound, coloured with bronze powder instead of lamp-black, is sometimes employed. Balls for Scouring —Breeches Balls, Clothes Balls. 1. Bath-brick 4 parts, pipe-clay 8 parts, pumice 1, soft- soap 1 ; ochre, umber, or other colour to bring it to the desired shade q. s. ; ox-gall to form a paste. Make it into balls, and dry them. 2. Pipe-clay 4 oz., fuller’s-enrth | oz., whiting ^ oz., white pepper ^ oz., ox-gall sufficient to form it into a paste. 3. Pipe-clay 3 oz., white pepper 1 dr., starch 1 dr., orris powder 1^ dr. It may be kept in powder, or formed into balls, as above. Balls, Blacking. See Blacking, below. Balls, Furniture. See Furniture Paste. Barium, Peroxide of. Heat pure barytes to low redness in a platina crucible ; then gradually add chlorate of potash in the proportion of 1 part of the latter to 4 of tlie former. Cold water removes the chloride of potassium, and the peroxide remains as a hydrate. Barytes, Chlorate. See Chlorate of Barytes. Beetle Poison. Put a drachm of phosphorus in a flask with 2 oz. of water: plunge the flask into hot water, and when the phosphorus is melted pour the contents into a mortar with 2 or 3 oz. of lard. Triturate briskly, adding water, and fb of flour with 1 or 2 oz. of brown sugar. — Pharmaceutical Journal. Plaster of Paris, with oat- meal, is said to destroy cockroaches. Beetle Wafers. These are made with flour, sugar, and red lead, heated in wafer irons. Benzole. A volatile liquid, procured by distilling light coal c c 2 2‘JJ, TRADE CHEMICALS. naphtha at a temperature not exceeding 200° F., by the method patented by Mr. Mansfield. It is a solvent for gutta percha ; and also, with heat and long digestion, of India rubber. Beverages, and Powders for Preparing them. See above, page 250. Bird Lime. Boil the middle bark of the holly 7 or 8 hours in water: drain it, and lay it in heaps in the ground, covered with stones, for 2 or 3 weeks, till reduced to a mucilage. Beat this in a mortar, wash it in rain-water, and knead it till free from extraneous matters. Put it into earthen pots, and in 4 or 5 days it will be fit for use. An inferior kind is made by boiling linseed oil for some hours, until it becomes a viscid paste. Bisulphuret of Carbon. This is used in the arts, as a solvent for India rubber, gntta percha, &c. To procure it, Mulder recommends the following process as the most convenient. Provide an iron bottle (a quicksilver bottle answers very well), and make a second opening into it. To one opening adapt a copper tube bent twice at right angles ; and to the other a straight tube dipping into the bottle. Having nearly filled the bottle with pieces of charcoal (recently heated to redness), and having screwed on the bent and straight tubes, place the bottle in a furnace, closing the mouth of the latter with a stone or clay cover in two pieces, hollowed in the centre so as to fit the upper part of the bottle, and defend it from the action of the fire. Connect the curved tube with a Woolfe’s bottle half filled w'ith water, and placed in a freezing mixture; and when the iron bottle is sufficiently heated, introduce by the straight tube fragments of sul- phur, and immediately close the mouth of the tube with a plug. The bisulphuret, as it comes over, falls to the bottom of the water. Separate it from the water, and distil over dry muriate of lime. Blacking, Liquid, for Shoes, &c. [A^o/e. — By ivory- black, i»o«e-black, which is usually sold under this name, is intended. True ivory-black has a more intense colour, but is too dear for general use.] I. Ivory-black 3 oz., treacle 2 oz., sweet oil ^ oz.; mix to form a paste ; add MISCELLANEOUS PKEPAEATIONS. 295 grradually ^ oz. of oil of vitriol, and tbeu half a pint of vinegar, and 1^ pint of water, or sour beer. Some prefer mixing the oil of vitriol with the sweet oil. 2. Ivory-black 2 lb, treacle 2 lb, sweet oil ^ lb; mix, and add ^ lb oil of vitriol, and beer or vinegar to make up a gallon. S. Ivory black 3 lb, treacle 4 lb, vinegar a pint, oil of vitriol 8 oz., water a gallon. 4. Ivory-black 2 lb, neat’s-foot oil 4 oz.; mix, and add 3 quarts ot sour beer, or vinegar, and a spoonful of any kind of spirits ; stir till smooth, and add 2 oz. of oil of vitriol, and sprinkle on it ^ drachm of powdered rosin. Then boil together 3 pints of sour ale with a little log- wood, and ^ oz. of Prussian blue, 3 oz. of honey, and 8 oz. of treacle. Mix, but do not bottle it for 2 or 3 days. 5. Ivory-black 8 oz., brown sugar or treacle 8 oz., sweet oil I oz., oil of vitriol ^ oz., vinegar 2 quarts. Mix the oil with the treacle, then add the oil of vitriol and vinegar, and lastly, the ivory black. Blacking for Dress Boots. I. Gum 8 oz., treacle 2 oz., ink a pint, vinegar 2 oz., spirit of wine 2 oz. Dissolve the gum and treacle in the ink and vinegar, strain, and add the spirit. 2. To the above add I oz. of sweet oil, and ^ oz. lamp black. [These are applied with a sponge, and allowed to dry out of the dust. They will not bear the wet.] 3. Beat together the whites of 2 eggs, a tablespoonful of spirit of wine, a lump of sugar, and a little finely- powdered ivory black to thicken. Blacking, without Polishing. Treacle 4 oz., lamp-black ^ oz., yeast a tablespoonful, 2 eggs, olive oil a teaspoon- ful, oil of turpentine a teaspoonful. Mix well. To be applied with a sponge, without brushing. Blacking, India Kubrer (Patent). Ivory-lilack (iO lb, treacle 4.b ft, vinegar (No. 24) 20 gallons, powdered gum 1 ft, India rubber oil S) lb. (The latter is made by dis- solving by heat 18 oz. of India rubber in 9 lb of rape oil.) Grind the whole smooth in a paint mill, then add, by small quantities at a time, 12 lb of oil of vitriol, stirring it strongly for half an hour a day for a fortnight. 296 TEADE CHEMICALS. Blacking, Paste. ]. Tliese may be made witli tlie irifire- dients of liquid blacking, using sufficient vinegar, in wbich a little gum lias been dissolved, to form a paste. Make it into cakes, and dry it. 2. Bailey s Blacking Balls. Bruised gum tragacanth ] 07.., water 4 oz.; mix, and add 2 oz. of neat’s-foot oil, 2 oz. of fine ivory-black, 2 oz. of Prussian blue, 4 oz. of sugar-candy ; mix, and evaporate to a proper consistence. For Heel Balls, see Balls, above. Blacking for Harness. 1. Isinglass or gelatine ;J- oz., powdered indigo -j- oz., soft soap 4 oz., logwood 4 oz., glue 0 oz. Boil together in 2 pints of vinegar till the glue is dissolved ; then strain through a cloth, and bottle for use. This appears an unchemical composition ; but is inserted (as are many similar ones) because it is in actual use. The next is of a different character. 2. Melt 8 oz. of bees’- wax in an earthen pipkin, and stir into it 2 oz. of ivory-black, 1 oz. of Prussian blue ground in oil, 1 oz. of oil of turpentine, and ^ oz. of copal varnish, l^fake it into balls. To be applied with a brush, and polished with an old handkerchief. 8. Treacle ^ lb, lamp black 1 oz., yeast a spoonful, sugar-candy, olive oil, gum tragacanth, isinglass, each 1 oz., a cow’s gall. Mix all together with 2 pints of stale beer, and let it stand before the fire for an hour. Black Reviver. 1. Bruised nutgalls 1 it, logwood 1 R), water 5 quarts ; boil to 4 quarts, and add sulphate of iron 4 oz.; dissolve, and strain. When cold, add 8 oz. of ox gall. 2. Galls 3 oz., logwood I oz., copperas, iron filings, and sumach, of each 1 oz., vinegar 2 pints. — Gray’s Supplement. Black .Japan. True aspbaltum 1| oz., boiled linseed oil 4 pints, burnt umber 4 oz. Heat together till the whole is incorporated, remove from the fire, and when suffi- ciently cool, add as much oil of turpentine as will bring it to a proper consistence. Bleaching Liquid. Solutions of chloride of lime, and chloride of soda, are sold for this purpose, with directions for use. The following is also used: — Mix 8 lb of com- mon salt and 1 lb of black oxide of manganese with as MISCELLANEOUS PEEPAEATIONS. 297 njucli water as will form a paste. Put the mixture into a remrt, and add ^ lb of oil of vitriol previously diluted with 4 rb of water. Pass the gas into a solution of 1 Ih of common pearlash, or 11 oz. of caustic potash, in 0 lb of water. The retort may be, placed, after a short period, in hot water, to extricate the remaining gas. In bleaching cotton by chloride of lime, 1 lb is dissolved in H gallons of water for each pound of cloth ; it is afterwards passed through diluted muriatic or sulphuric acid, (1 pai-t of acid to dO of water,) and then washed. Blue FOB Linen. The ordinary kinds of cake blue consist of indigo and starch. Liefchild’s patent blue is thus made:— Mix 4 parts of Chinese blue, 1 of Turnbull’s, and I of oxahc acid; gradually add boiling water until tbe whole is dissolved, and lastly 4 parts of sulphate of iiuligo. The latter is made with 1 part of indigo, and 4 of sulphuric acid, neutralized with carbonate of ammonia. Bones, Sulpha^d. To a bushel of ground bones add from 10 to 14 lb of oil of vitriol, previously mixed with half Its bulk of water. [It is sometimes mixed with an equal weight of salt and a sullicient quantity of bran. Turnip seed may be mixed with this compound, and sown together.] Boot-top Liquid. 1. Solution of muriate of tin 3 dr. • French chalk, or Venetian talc, in powder, 1 oz. ; salt of sorrel ^ oz. ; flake white 1 oz.; burnt alum 4 oz., pow- dered cuttle-fish bone 1 oz., white arsenic I oz., boilino' water a quart. Probably sulphate of barytes might be substituted for arsenic, the use of which it is desirable to discourage. 2. Sour milk 3 pints, cream of tartar 2 oz., oxalic acid 1 oz., alum 1 oz. — Mr. Bedwood. 3. Wash the tops with soap and water, and scrape them with the back of a knife. Then apply tbe following with a barefoot brush Oxalic acid 1 oz., water a pint Use the back of a knife as before; then polish with the following:— Powdered gum Arabic ^ oz., red spirits of lavender 2 oz., powdered turmeric 4 oz.; pencil this over the top, let It half dry, then polish by rubbing it, one wav only, with a flannel till it shines. ^ 298 TEADE CHEMICALS. 4. Sour milk 3 pints, butter of antimony 2 oz., cream of tartar 2 oz., citric acid, alum, burnt alum, of each 1 oz. — Okays Supplement. f). White Top. One ounce each of magnesia, alum cream of tartar, and oxalic acid ; \ oz. salt of sorrel, and ^ oz. of sugar of lead ; dissolve in a quart of water, and apply with a sponge. C. Brown Top. Oxalic acid, alum, annotto, of each 1 oz.; isinglass i oz; sugar of lead ^ oz.; salt of sorrel i oz ; boil together in a quart of water for 10 minutes. Apply with a spouge. Book-Bindeks’ Stains, for Leather. Black. A solu- tion of 1 part of sulphate of iron in 6 of water. Blue A solution of indigo. (See C hemic Blue.) Brown ’. A solution of pearlash, or of common soda Boot Powder. Finely-powdered French chalk, or Venetian talc. Bread, Unfermented. See Dietetic Articles, p. 267. Bronze Powder. The best methods of preparing these powders are probably kept secret. The following are some Ox the publislied recipes: — 1. Gold leaf, or alloys of gold, reduced to powder by grinding them with sulphate of potash, or with -honey and washing away the extraneous matter with hot water’ and drying the metallic powder. 2. Dutch metal, and other similar alloys, treated in the same way. 3. Verdigris 4 oz., tutty 2 oz., sublimate 1 dr., borax 1 dr., nitre 1 dr. ; mix them into a paste with oil and fuse the mixture in a crucible. This has failed in ’some hands— perhaps from the tutty being factitious. 4. Mix together 100 parts of sulphate of copper, and oO of crystallized carbonate of soda; apply heat till they mute. Powder the mass, when cold, and add 10 parts of copper filings; mix well, and keep it at a white heat for ~() minutes. Mash and dry the product. See also Aurum Musivum, and Argentum Musixum above. ’ Bronzing Liquids, for Bronzing Copper Medals Figures, Instruments, &c. 1. Sal ammoniac 1 dr. MISCELLANEOUS PBEPABATIONS. 299 oxalic acid 15 -r., vinegar a pint; after well cleaning the article to be bronzed, warm it gently, and brush it over with the liquid, using only a small quantity at a time, ulien rubbed dry, repeat the application till the desired unys obtained. [For copper medals, electro-type casts, ‘■1. Sal ammoniac 1 oz., cream of tartar 3 oz., salt 0 oz. ; dissolve in a pint of hot water, add 2 oz. of nitre and 2 oz. of nitrate of copper dissolved in 4 pint of water. ^ ^ 3. Salt of sorrel 1 oz., sal ammoniac 2 oz,, white vinegar 14 oz. [To give an antique appearance to bronze .figures, &c.] 4. A diluted solution of muriate of platina. [For copper binding screws, and other small articles ] y. A weak solution of bydro-sulphuret of ammonia, or of sulphuret of potassium. [For electrotype medals, AnoUier method is the following :_Immediately on re- moving the electrotype cast from the solution, brush it over with good black lead; then heat it moderately, and brush It over with a painting brush, the slightest moisture being used.] Bronzing Ball. See Ball (Heel.) Brosse de Corail. The roots of lucern (medicago sativa) cleaned, dried, and hammered at the end. Used as a tooth-brush. Browning, or Bronzing Liquids, for Gun Barrels. 1. Aquafortis A oz., sweet spirit of nitre ^ oz., spirit of wine 1 oz., sulphate of copper 2 oz., water 30 oz., tincture of muriate of iron 1 oz. ; mix. * 2. Sulphate of copper 1 oz., sweet spirit of nitre ] oz water a pint; mix. In a few days it will be lit for use. 3. Sweet spirit of nitre 3 oz., gum benzoin lx oz tincture of muriate of iron i oz., sulphate of copper 2 fir., spirit of wine j oz. ; mix, and add 2 ft of soft water 4. I incture of muriate of iron x oz., spirit of nitric ether oz., sulphate of copper 2 scruples, rain water ^ pi nt. Ihe above are applied with a sponge, after clean- ing the barrel with lime and water. When dry, they are polished with a stiff brush, or iron scratch brush. ^ 300 TEADE CHEMICALS. Brunswick Black. Melt asphaltum, and add to it half its weijrlit of boiled linseed oil ; mix, and when sufficiently cool, add enough oil of turpentine to bring it to the proper consistence. Bug Poison. 1. Sjiirit of wine 8 oz., spirit of turpentine 8 oz., camphor f oz. ; mix. 2. Distilled vinegar, or diluted wood vinegar, a pint ; camphor i oz. ; dissolve. 8. Corrosive sublimate .3 oz., muriatic acid 3 oz., oil of turpeutiue 12 oz., water G pints. Or, 1 oz. of sublimate, 2 oz. of muriatic acid, a pint of oil of turpentine, and a pint of decoction of tobacco. 4. Strong mercurial ointment 1 oz., soft soap 1 oz., oil of turpentine a pint. •0. White arsenic 2 oz., lard 13 oz., corrosive sublimate oz., Venetian red oz. G. Scotch snuff mixed with soft soap. 7. For Floors. Corrosive sublimate 1 lb, sal ammo- niac 1 lb, hot water 8 gallons. [It is said that if a branch of narrow-leaved dittany or pepperwort (lepidium ruderale) be suspended in a room, all the bugs will settle in it, and may be taken. Fumigating the rooms with sulphur is a troublesome and disagreeable process, and not always successful.] Burnett's (Sir W.) Disinfecting Fluid. See Disin- fecting Compounds. Butter, to Preserve. Powder finely, and mix together, 2 parts of the best salt, 1 of loaf sugar, and 1 of nitre! To each pound of butter, well cleansed from the milk! add 1 oz. of this compound. It should not be used under a month. [Butter that has an unpleasant flavour, is said to be improved by the addition of 2^ dr. of bicarbonate of soda to 3 11) of butter. A turnipy flavour may be prevented by only feeding the cows with turnips immediately after milking them.] Butter of Antimony. The liquid chloride of antimony, commercially known by this name, is usually made by dissolving crude or roasted black antimony in muriatic acid, with the addition of a little nitric acid. It usually contains pernitrate of iron. MISCELLANEOUS PEEPAEATIONS. 301 Butyhic Ether. Saponify butter with a strong solution of potash, dissolve the soap in the smallest quantity of alcohol by the aid of heat, add a mi.xture of alcohol and sulphuric acid till the solution is acid, and distil as long as the product has a fruity odour. Kedistil the product from chloride of calcium. It is sold as essence of pine apple. Camphine. Highly rectified oil of turpentine. English’s patent camphine is made by passing the vapour of oil of turpentine through caustic solutions of potash, soda, or lime; or through sulphuric acid. Camphor, Artificial. This is formed bypassing muriatic acid gas into oil of turpentine. Camphor B.a.lls. See Skin Cosmetics, after Per- fumery. Candies. These belong rather to the confectioner than the druggist. The green stalks of angelica, the peels of orange, lemon, and citron, green roots of ginger, &c. are first boiled in water till soft, then in syrup till they are transparent, and dried in a stove, at a heat not exceeding 104° F. Candied horehound is made by boiling lump sugar with a little strong decoction or infusion of dried horehound, till a portion taken out and cooled becomes solid. It is then poured on to a slab, or into paper or tin moulds dusted with powdered sugar. Canton’s Phosphorus. Put calcined oyster shells in layers, alternately with sulphur, and heat strongly in a covered crucible for an hour. Caoutchouc, Solvents for. See Solvents. C.vpsuLES, Gelatinous. These are used to contain copaiva and other nauseous liquids which do not dissolve gela- tine, so that they may be swallowed without inconve- nience. They are made by “ dipping the bulbous ex- tremity of an iron rod into a concentrated solution of gelatine. When the rod is withdrawn, it is to be rotated, in order to diffuse the gelatine equally over the bulb.” When sufficiently hardened, they are removed, placed on pins to dry, and when dry filled with the balsam or oil, and the orifice closed with liquid gelatine. They are usually of an olive form, aud contain 10 gr. of balsam in each. See Dr. Pereira’s “Elements,” article Copaiva. D D 302 TIJADE CHEMICALS. M. Giraud recomnieuds the following composition for capsules: — Traiispurent gelatine 12 parts, syrup of gum 2 parts, syrup 2 parts, water 10 parts. Melt it in a water-bath, remove the scum, and dip the mould, pre- viously oiled, into the compound. Carbon. See Charcoal. Carbonic Acid. See Gases. Carmine. See Pigments. Case Hardening Powder. This is merely ferroprussiate of potash, dried, and finely powdered. By sprinkling it on iron heated to bright redness, the metal becomes case- hardened, or superficially converted into steel. The iron should be plunged into cold water as soon as the powder has acted on it. The following eompound is used for the same purpose : Sal ammoniac 2 oz., burnt bone dtist 2 oz., Henw'ood’s composition ^ oz. Used as the former. Cassolettes. See Perfumery. Cayenne, Soluble. See Condiments, p. 270. ClCiMENTS AND LuTES, VARIOUS. Shell-lac Cement, or Liquid Glue. Fine orange shell-lac, bruised, 4 oz., highly rectified spirit 3 oz. Digest in a warm place, frequently shaking, till the shell-lac is dis- solved. llectified wood naphtha may be substituted for spirit of wine, where the smell is not objectionable, A most useful cement for securely joining almost any material. Shell-lac Cement, without Spirit. Boil 1 oz. of borax in 1(3 oz. water, add 2 oz. powdered shell-lac, and boil in a covered vessel till the lac is dissolved. Cheaper than the above, and for many purposes answers very well. Both are useful in fixing paper labels to tin, and to glass when exposed to damp. Armenian Cement, for Glass, China, ^c. 1. Keller’s. Soak 2 dr. of ctit isinglass in 2 oz. of water for 24 hours ; boil to 1 oz., add i oz. spirit of wine, and strain through linen. Mix this, while hot, with a solution of 1 dr. of mastic in 1 oz. of rectified spirit, and triturate with ^ dr. powdeied gum ammoniac, till perfectly homogeneous. 2. Dr. Ure’s Diamond Cement, Isinglass 1 oz., dis- tilled water 6 oz., boil to 3 oz., and add 1^ oz. of recti- MISCELLANEOUS PREPARATIONS. 303 fied spirit. Boil for a minute or two, strain, and add while hot, first ^ oz. of a milky emulsion of ammoniac, and then h dr. of tincture of mastic. [There are various kinds of tliis cement sold, and some of the improvements introduced by particular makers have not been made public.] Hcexle’s Cement, for Glass or Earthenware. Shell-lac 2 parts, Venice turpentine 1 part, fuse together, and form into sticks. Cheese Cement, for Earthenware, &c. Mix together white of egg beaten to a froth, quick lime, and grated cheese, and beat them to a paste. Curd Cement. Add ^ pint of vinegar to | pint of skimmed milk ; mix the curd with the whites of .5 eggs well beaten, and sufficient powdered quick lime to form a paste. It resists water, and a moderate degree of heat. Cement for joining Spar and Marble Ornaments, dc. Melt together 8 parts of resin, 1 of wax, and stir in 4 parts, or ns much ns may be required, of Paris plaster. The pieces to be made hot. Hexsler’s Cement. Grind 3 parts of litharge, 2 of re- cently burnt lime, and 1 of white bole, with linseed oil varnish. [V'ery tenacious, but long in drying.] Singer’s Cement, for Electrical Machines and Galvanic Troughs. Melt together f) th of rosin and 1 lb of hees’- wax, and stir in 1 Hi of red ochre (highly dried, and still warm), and 4 oz. of Paris plaster, continuing the heat a little above 212°, and stirring constantly till all frothing censes. Or (for troughs), Itosin 0 tb, dried red ochre 1 lb, calcined plaster of Paris ^ lb, linseed oil ] lb. Botany Bay Cement. Botany Bay gum, melted and mixed with an equal quantity of brick dust. Cap Cement. As Singer’s; but 1 lb of dried Venetian red may be substituted for the red ochre and I'aris plaster. Bottle Cement. Rosin lb parts, tallow 4 (or wax 3) parts, highly dried red ochre 5 parts, or ivory black q. s. The common kinds of sealing wax are also used. Turners’ Cement. Bees’-wax 1 oz., rosin ^ oz., pitch oz. Melt, and stir in fine brickdust q. s. 304 TEADE CHEMICALS. Coppersmiths’ Cement. Powdered quicklime, mixed with bullock’s blood, and applied immediately. Emijncers' Cement. Equal weights of red and white lead, with drying oil, spread on tow or canvas. For metallic joints, or to unite large stones, in cisterns, &c. Cement J'or Stenni Elpes. Good linseed oil varnish ground with equal weights of white lead, oxide of manganese, and pi2>e clay. Iron Cement, for closing the joints of iron pipes. Iron borings, coarsely powdered, 5 P), powdered sal ammoniac 2 oz., sulphur 1 oz., water sufficient to moisten it. It quickly hardens ; but if time can be allowed, it sets more firmly without the sulphur. It must be u.sed as soon as mixed, and rammed tightly into the joints. Gad’s Hydraulic Cement. Powdered clay 3 11), oxide of iron I ft), boiled oil to form a stiff’ paste. Cements for Masonry of Chambers for Chlorine, Sc. Equal parts of pitch, rosin, and plaster of Paris. If Oman Cement. A mixture of clay, lime, and oxide of iron, separately calcined, and finely powdered. It must be kept in close vessels, and mixed with w’ater when used. Marine Cement. See Glue, Marine. Maissiat’s Cement, as an. air-tight covering for bottles, &c. Melt India-rubber (to which 15 per cent, of wax or tallow- may be added), and gradually add finely-powdered quick lime till a change of odour show-s that combination has taken place, and a proper consistence is obtained. Cement for attaching Metal Letters to Plate Glass. Copal varnish 15 parts, drying oil 5 parts, turpentine 3 parts, oil of turpentine 2 parts, liquefied glue 5 parts; melted in a water-bath, and 10 parts of slaked lime added. Japanese Cement. Mix rice flour intimately with cold water, and boil gently. French Cement. Mix thick mucilage of gum Arabic with powdered starch. Common Paste. To a dessertspoonful of flour add gradually half a pint of cold water, and mix till quite smooth; add a pinch of powdered alum (some add also as much pow- dered rosin as will lie on a sixpence), and boil for a few MISCELLANEOUS PREPAKATIONS. 305 moments, stirring constantly. The addition of a little brown sugar, and a few grains of corrosive sublimate is said to preserve it for years. Soft Cement. Melt yellow wax with half its weiglit of common turpentine, and stir in a little Venetian red, previously well dried, and finely powdered. [As a tem- porary stopping for joints and openings in glass and other apparatus, where the heat and pressure are not great.] See the next. Lutes or Cements for closing the Joints of Apparatus. 1. IMix Paris plaster with water to a soft paste, and apply it immediately. It bears nearly a red heat. It may be rendered impervious by rubbing it over with wax and oil. 2. Slaked lime, made into a paste with white of egg, or a solution of gelatine. 3. Fat Lute. Finely powdered clay moistened with water, and beaten up with boiled linseed oil. Eoll it into cylinders, and press it on the joints of the vessels, which must be perfectly dry. It is rendered more secure by binding it with strips of linen moistened with while of egg. 4. Linseed meal beaten to a paste with water. !j. Slips of moistened bladder, smeared with white of Luting for Acids. Dissolve 1 part of India rubber in 2 parts of linseed oil, by heat, and work it into a still’ paste with 3 parts, or as much as sufficient, of white clay. Ijiites for Coating Retorts. I. Dissolve 1 oz. of borax in ^ pint of water, and add slaked lime to form a thin paste. Brush this over the retort, and let it dry gradually. Then apply a coating of slaked lime and linseed oil well beaten together. Let it dry for a day or two before use, and fill up any cracks which may appear with lime and linseed oil. 2. For bearing a stronger heat: Stourbridge clay, mixed with a little sand to prevent it splitting oil'; a little cut tow, or horse -dung, or asbestos, is usually added, to increase its coherence. It should be well beaten to a stiff paste, and rolled out before application. The glass should be first rubbed over with a little of the lute mixed with D D TRADE CHEMICALS. ?0G water, then placed in the centre of the paste, rolled ontto about ^ or ^ of an inch thickness, and the edges of the latter raised and moulded to the glass, taking care to press out all the air. atoHii’s Lute. Mix equal parts of brick-dust and litharge, aud beat them into a paste with linseed oil. Apply this with a stiff brush, and dust it over with coarse sand: dry It in a warm place. I'or cements for plugging teeth, .see Teeth Cosmetics, page a47. ’ Charcoal. Wood charcoal is made by burning wood with only a partial access of air. p’or chemical purposes, that made in iron cylinders, in the manufacture of wood vineuar IS preferred. ® Charcoal, Animal.' The most common form is that of bone black (commonly called ivory black), made by dis- tilling bones, from which the gi-ease has been removed by boiling, in iron or earthen retorts, the ammoiiiacal liquor, &c., being collected in proper receivers. The residue is bone black. When used for the purpose of decolorization, further treatment is required: either the bone earth may be entirely removed by muriatic acid, as directed in the PharmacopcBia ; or more commoulv, in the relining of sugar, and for other manufacturing purposes, tins is only partially effected, in some such wav us the following:— Mix 8 tb of the boue black, coarsely powdered, with sufficient water to form a paste, aud add 1 lb of muriatic acid. In an hour, pour boiling water on the mass • let It settle, pour off the liquid, add more water, aud repeat this till the water comes off free from taste. Drain and press the black in a cloth, and diw it. Its power is increased by mixing it with a little potash, heating it to dull redness lu a covered crucihle, and again washing it. Chameleon Mineral. Mix equal weights of black oxide of manganese and pure potash, aud heat them in a crucible. Keep the compound in closely-stopped bottles. A solution of it in water passes through various shades 01 colour from greeu to red. Chemique, OR Chemic Blue — Sulphate of Indigo. To / or 8 parts of oil of vitriol, in a glass or earthen vessel, MISCELLANEOUS PEEE’AEATIONS. 307 placed in cold water, add gradually I part of fine indigo in powder, stirring the mixture at each addition with a glass rod, or piece of tobacco-pipe. Cover the vessel for 24 hours, then dilute with an equal weight of water. Some- liines it is sold without diluting. The German fuming acid answers best, 4 or 5 parts of it being sufficient for 1 of indigo. For dyeing silk, &.C., carbonate of potash, soda, or ammonia, is added, to neutralize the acid, taking care not to add it in excess. Chlois.vte of Barytes. Saturate solution of chloric acid, prepared as directed page 282, with fresh precipitated carbonate of barytes, filter, and crystallize. Chlorate of 1’otash. Slake 7 oz. of quicklime, add it to a pint of solution of caustic potash of J-110 sp. gr. ; heat the mixture slightly, and pass through it a rapid current of chlorine gas until no more is absorbed. Evaporate nearly to dryness, re dissolve in boiling water, filter, and evaporate the filtered solution, and the w’ashiugs of the filter, for crystallization. — Mr. Calvert. Or dissolve chloride of lime in water, add solution of muriate of potash, and boil to dryness. Dissolve the mass in hot water, and filter if necessary : on cooling, a large quantity of chlorate of potash is deposited. — Liebig. For another process, see Potassae Chloras, P, F. Chloride of Lime, or Chlorinated Lime. Bleaching Bowdcr. Chlorine gas (slowly evolved from a mixture of 10 parts of commou salt and 10 to 14 parts of oxide of inangauese, placed in an alembic of lead, and heated by steam, and from 12 to 14 parts of oil of vitriol previously diluted with a fourth of its weight of water, addedl is conveyed into a chamber where sifted slake lime is thinly spread on shelves. It is so cheaply made by tlie large manufacturers for bleaching purposes, that it is seldom prepared by druggists. The liquid chloride of lime may be made either by triturating the dry chloride with a little cold water till perfectly smooth, then adding more water, and filtering the solution; or by passing chlorine gas into a mixture of lime and water. The Dub. Pharm. directs a solution of 1035 sp. gr. . The Paris Codex directs 1 part of dry bleaching powder to be difiused in 45 of water. 308 TKADE CHEMICALS. SouBEiRAN directs 1 part to 50; but prefers passing tlie gas from 1 part of oxide of manganese and 4 of muriatic acid, into a mixture of 1 part of lime and .00 of water. CuLoniDE OK Hypochlorite of Potash. Eau da Jai'clle. Pass chlorine gas, as above, into a solution of 1 th of car- bonate of potash in a gallon of water. Or mix 8 oz. of dry chloride of lime with C pints of water; and dissolve l(i oz. of carbonate of potash in a quart of water. Mix the liquids, and filter. CuLoiunE OF Soda, or Chlorinated Soda. See Soda Chlorinata, and Liquor Sodas Chlorinatte, in the Pocket Formulary. A more ready way of preparing it, for other jmrposes tlian dispensing prescriptions, is the following: — Diffuse 1 R) of chloride of lime in 30 Mr of water. Dis- solve 2 ft) of crjstallized carbonate of soda in 15 ftj of water. Mix the solutions, let the mixture settle, [lOur oflT the clear liqtiid, and filter it. See P. F., 5th ed., p. 513. Chlorine. See Gases. Chloroform. Into a copper still placed in a water-bath put 7 gallons of water; heat to 100° F.; add 10 ft> of lime slaked in a solution of 20 lb of chloiide of lime. Add 3 Hi of rectified spirit; mix them well, lute on the head immediately, and raise the heat rapidly to 212°. When the extremity of the neck of the still becomes hot, damp the fire, and the distillation will continue regularly. When it ceases, add to what remains in the still l?^ pints of water, raise the heat to 100°, add 8 Pi of lime, ami 20 Pi of chloride of lime, stir carefully, add the distilled liquor from which the chloroform has been separated, with 1^ pint of spirit; stir, and proceed ns before. If the still is large enough, this may be repeated 3 or 4 times, with a constantly increasing product. The chloroform sinks to the bottom of the distilled liquid, and may be rectified by distilling it with oil of vitriol. Its density should not be le.ss than D49(i ; Liebig says 1 -ISO, but at that density it is not pure. Chloroform may be obtained by a similar jirocess from rectified wood naphtha (pyroxylic spirit), but it is contaminated with an empyrcumatic oil, ligliter than water, which cannot be entirely separated from it. It is therefore unfit for inhalation ; but when rectified over MISCELLANEOUS PBEPAEATIONS. 309 sulpluiric acid and chloride of calcium, may be used as a solvent. The process recommended by Dr. Simpson is that of Dumas ; — Chloride of lime in powder 4 lb, water 12 It), rectitted spirit 12 oz. Mix in a capacious still, and distil as long as a dense liquid, which sinks to the bottom of the water which comes over with it, is pro- duced. It is rectified as the last. For other methods, see Pocket Formulary. Chocolate. See Chocolata, Pocket Formulary. Chromate of Potash. Mix 4 parts of chrome ore (chro- mate of iron) with 2 of pearlash and 1 of nitre, and heat the mixture in a reverberatory furnace for several hours. Lixiviate, and crystallize. The chromate is converted into bichromate by adding sulphuric acid, or rather acetic acid, to the solution. Chuom.vte of Lead. See Pigments. Chrome Oxide. Mix bichromate of potash with half its weight of muriate of ammonia ; heat the mixture to red- ness, and wash the mass with plenty of boiling water. Dry the residue. Chromic Acid. See Acid, Chromic. Collodion. Mix in a glass, stoneware, or porcelain vessel, 30 parts of strong sulphuric acid and 20 of powdered nitre ; place the vessel in cold water ; add 1 part of carded cotton-wool, and open and stir it in the acid mixture by means of 2 glass or porcelain rods, or stems of tobacco pipes, for 2 or 3 minutes. Then remove the cotton into a large quantity of cold water, press it, and wash it in a stream of w.ater, opening it with the fingers, till the water passes through it free from acidity. Squeeze it strongly in a dry cloth, and then open it, and dry it gradually in a warm situation, free from danger. One part of this pre- pared cotton, with 10 of rectified ether, and 1 of alcohol, agitated together, soon forms a gelatinous solution. See Pocket Formulary, for its medical preparations. For Photographic Compounds, see Photography. Colours, Various. The principal dry colours will be found under Pigments. Other colours are noticed below. Colours for Druggists’ Show Bottles. In making these, distilled water should be used, and rather more of 310 TRADE CHEMICALS. tlie colour tbnn will fill tbe carboys made, to avoid tbe necessity of adding w-ater to fill up after filtration, as this sometimes renders them turbid. Tbe carboys should be perfectly clean, and also dry, or otherwise rinsed out with a portion of tbe filtered liquid. 1. Blues. Sulphate of copper 4 to 8 oz., water a gallon, oil of vitriol 1 oz. 2. Royal Blue. Sulphate of copper 8 oz., water a gallon ; dissolve, and add w-ater of ammonia till tbe full colour is developed; then water to make up 2 gallons. 0. I'hiest Royal Blue. Nitrate of copper 8 oz., wafer sufficient to dissolve it; add water of ammonia as long ns tbe colour becomes deeper, then water to make up 2 gallons. ^ 4. Paler. Crystallized acetate of copper ^ oz., muri- atic acid 1^ oz., water of ammonia q. s., water to make up 2 gallons. 5. Liyht Blue. Crystallized acetate of copper a scruple, wHter of ammonia 2 oz,, water 2 p^allons. Green. 1. An infusion of saffron added to tbe above blues. 2. Sulphate of copper 4 oz., bichromate of potash 4 dr water q. s. .e > 8. By adding to tbe above deep or light blues, a small quantity of chromate or bichromate of potash till tbe de- sired tint is produced, various shades of green may be obtained. 4. Sulphate of copper, with muriate of soda, or muriate of iron. b. Emerald Green. Nitrate of copper 3 oz., muriatic acid 4 oz., nitric acid 4 oz., water 2 gallons. (>. T ery Fine Emerald. Nickel 8 oz., muriatic acid 4 oz., nitrous acid 2 oz. ; digest for 24 hours, add 2 gallons of water, and filter. Red. 1. Dried rose petals 8 oz., boiling water a gallon; digest for 12 hours, strain ; digest the roses with more water, and strain ; mix the infusions, add a pint of diluted sulphuric acid, and filter. 2. Cochineal T oz., boiling water a gallon; digest, MISCELLANEOUS PEEPAEATIONS. 311 strain, add ^ oz. of sulphuric acid, and water to make up 2 gallons. •‘1. Crimson, Iodine, and iodide of potassium, of each 2 dr.; triturate with a dr. of water, and add 3 gallons of water, and 4 oz. of muriatic acid. 4. For External Lamps. Cainphine, strongly coloured with alkauet root. Pink. 1. Infuse ioz. of good madder in a quart of boiling distilled water; when cold, add 1 oz. of strong ammonia, and filter into 2 gallons of distilled water. 2. Dissolve muriate or nitrate of cobalt in water, and add sufficient carbonate of ammonia to re-dissolve the pre- cipitate first thrown down; then water q. s. Purple. To the last add sufficient of the blue No. 3, to give the desired shade. Lilac. Smalts 4 oz., nitric acid 4 oz. ; let it stand 24 hours, add 2 gallons of water, I oz. of alum, and 4 oz. of water of ammonia. Or rather as the purple. Yellow. I, Chromate or bichromate of potash, with water q. s. 2. Bichromate of potash 2 dr., hot water 4 oz. ; dis- solve, and add 4 oz. sulphuric acid, and 2 gallons of water. 3. Bichromate of potash, nitrate of potash, and water. Amber. I. Deep chrome yellow 3 oz., pearlash 9 oz., water 2 gallons ; boil gently for half an hour, take it off to cool, and add 0 oz. muriatic acid, and water to the desired colour. 2. Dragon’s blood, digested with sulphuric acid, and diluted with water to the desired shade. Olive. Sulphate of iron 3 oz., sulphuric acid 3 oz., water 2 gallons ; dissolve, and add the green No. 5, q. s. 10 brighten the colour. Liquid Colours for Maps, &c. See Inks, Dyes, Che- AiiQUE Blue, Lake Liquor, &c. Gamboge and some of the cake colours, mixed with water, are also used. Colours for Confectioners. Many fatal accidents occur from confectionary being coloured with poisonous pig- ments. The following may be safely used : — Cochineal 312 TEADE CHEMICALS. and its preparations, sap green, vegetable lakes, Prussian blue ; a mixture of a yellow lake and Prussian blue for green. Colouring for Brandy, &c. Sugar melted in a ladle till it is brown, and then dissolved in water, or lime water. Colours for Liqueurs. Pink is given by cocbineal ; yellow by saffron or safflower ; violet by litmus ; blue, by sulpliate of indigo, saturated with cbalk ; green, by the last with tincture of saffron, or by sap green. Colours for Leather. See Bookbinders’ Colours. Colours, Improved Vehicles for. 1. One measure of saturated solution of borax, with 4 of linseed oil. The pigment may be ground with the oil or the mixture. 2. A solution of shell-lac with borax, as in making Coathupe’s Ink. See Ink. 3. Water colours, mixed with gelatine, and afterwards fixed by washing with a solution of alum. 4. Curd of milk, washed and pressed, then dried on fine net, and when required for use, mixed with water and the colouring matter. Copper, Oxide of. The oxide is made by calcining the nitrate; or by adding caustic potash to sulphate of copper, in solution, and washing and of cream of tartar, and water sufficient to form a solution strong enough to float an egg. In this liquid, it is stated, eggs may be preserved for two years. Elaine. See Oleine. Electric Tissue. Steep linen or cotton in a mixture of strong sulphuric acid, and 3 of pure nitric acid, for an hour. Squeeze out the acid, wash with water until no sensible acidity remains, plunge it in a weak alkaline solution, then in water, and dry. By friction it yields a large quantity of resinous electricity. Electrotype Moulds. These are sometimes made with fusible metals ; others with non-metallic compounds, having their surface covered with a conducting: substance. The fusible metal is composed of 8 parts of bismuth, 3 of tin, and 5 of lead. The French Clichee moulds consist of 8 parts of bismuth, 4 of tin, 5 of lend, and 1 of anti- mony. These are repeatedly melted together till per- fectly mixed ; and after being poured out on a suitable surface, are well stirred, and the medal forcibly pressed on the compound at the moment it is about to become solid. Compo.sition Moulds are made with 8 oz. of sper- maceti, If oz. of white wax, and the same of strained mutton suet. These are melted together, and a little fine plumbago or flake white stirred in. To copy plaster casts, the cast is set in a plate of hot water, with its face above the water, till it has absorbed w'ater; it is sur- rounded with a ring of cardboard, and the melted compo- sition poured on it. The composition mould requires to be blushed over with finely-powdered genuine black lead. See Solutions. Engraving Mixture, for Writing on Steel. Sulphate of copper 1 oz., sal ammoniac oz. Pulverize separately, adding a little vermilion to colour it, and mix with 1^ oz. MISCELLANEOTJS PKEPAEATIONS. 321 of vinegar. Rub the steel with soft soap, and write with a clean hard pen, without a slit, dipped in the mixture. Essence of Jargonelle Pear. Acetate of Amylene is sold under this name. It is made by distilling a mixture of one part of oil of grain, 2 of acetate of potash, and 1 of oil of vitriol. Wash the distilled liquid with alkaline water, agptate with dry chloride of calcium, and re-distil it from litharge. Essence of Pine Apple. See Butyric Ether. Essence of Bugs. Oxalate of Amylene has been so termed. It is made by heatiug oil of grain with excess of oxalic acid, and distilling the oily liquid which separates at 500°. [For Perfumed Essences, see Perfumery. For Culinary Essences, see page 271.] Etching Fluids. For Copper. 1. Aqua fortis, 2 oz., water 5 oz, ; mix. 2. Callot’s Eau Forte, for Fine Touches. Dissolve 4 parts each of verdigris, alum, sea-salt, and sal ammoniac, in 8 parts of vinegar; add 10 parts of water, boil for a minute, and let it cool. For Steel. 1. Iodine 1 oz., iron filings i drachm, water 4 ounces ; digest till the iron is dissolved. 2. Pyroligneous acid 4 parts, by measure, alcohol 1 part; mix, and add 1 part of double aqua fords (sp. gr. 1'28). Apply it from 1| to 15 minutes. Etching Varnishes. 1. White wax 2 oz., asphaltum 2 oz.; melt the wax in a clean pipkin, add the asphaltum iu powder, and boil to a proper consistence. Pour it into warm water, and form it into balls, which must be kneaded and put into taffeta for use. 2. White wax 2 oz.. Burgundy pitch and black pitch each 4 oz.; melt together, and add by degrees 2 oz. of asphaltum in powder, and boil till a drop cooled on a plate becomes brittle. 3. Equal quantities of linseed oil and mastic, melted together. Filtering Powder. Fullers’ earth washed, dried, and coarsely powdered ; mixed with prepared bone black (see Charcoal, Animal) coarsely powdered. Finings, for Gin. Subcarbonate of potash 4 oz., roche 322 TEADE CnEMICALS. alum 8 oz. Brewers’ Finings consist of isinglass dissolved in stale beer. Fires, to Extinguish. Dr. Clanny’s Solution consists of .') ounces of sal ammoniac to a gallon of water. The compound used in Phillips’s Fire Annihilator is said to consist of dried prussiate of potash, sugar, and chlorate of potash. Fires, Coloured. The ingredients for these compounds must be dry, not too finely powdered, and mixed very uniformly. The nitrate of strontian requires to be gentlv heated in an iron pan till it falls to powder. The chlorate of potash must be pulverized separately, and mixed very lightly with the other powders ; the whole must then be passed through a sieve once or twice. White Fires. 1. Nitre 30, sulphur 10, black antimony 5- mix. ■' ’ 2. Nitre 48, sulphur 13|^, black antimony 5 parts* mix. ' ’ 3. Nitre 12, sulphur 1.C, black antimony 4, charcoal 4 white arsenic mix. 4. Nitre 40 i, sulphur 23, meal powder 124, zinc filings 18. 5. For stars : Nitre f)7, sulphur 28, zinc filings In. nine and Purple Fires. 1. Chlorate of potash 9, dried ver- digris 2, sulphur 1 oz.; mix. 2. Nitre 12, sulphur 10, black antimony 4, charcoal ^ oz., orpiment 4. 3. Chlorate of potash 9, sulphur 12, refiner’s blue ver- diter 3 oz. ; mix. 4. Purple. Chlorate of potash 5, nitrate of strontian 10, realgar 1, sulphur 2, lamp black 1 ; mix. 5. Nitre b, sulphur 2, metallic antimony 1 ; mix. 0. Purple. Chlorate of potash 2 oz., sulphur 1 drachm oxide of copper 1 oz.; mix. ’ 7. Violet. Chlorate of potash 1 dr., pure copper 4 dr. suiplmr a scrnple, charcoal 10 gr. ; mix. Yellow Fires. 1. Nitre 3 oz., meal powder 3 oz., flowers of sulphur 3 oz., dried salt 2 oz.; mix. 2. Nitrate of soda G, sulphur 1, lamp-black 1 ; mix. MISCELLANEOUS PEEPAEATION3. 323 Red Fires. 1. Chlorate of potash 10, nitrate of stroutiaii 80, sulphur 20, charcoal 0 ; mix. 2. Chlorate of potash 3, nitrate of strontian 24, sulphur 7, lamp-black 1, sulphuret of antimony 2. [Half the lamp-black or charcoal only may be added at first ; and if on trial it does not burn freely, add more.] 3. Chlorate of potash 1, nitrate of strontian 5, sul- phur 1, black sulphuret of antimony I ; mix. 4. Chlorate of potash 24, nitrate of strontian 20, sul- phur 04, sulphuret of antimony 2, charcoal 4 ; mix. 5. Chlorate of potash 5, nitrate of strontian 28, sul- phur 13, sulphuret of antimony 4, lamp-black 1. 6. Chlorate of potash 35, nitrate of strontian 360, sulphur 93, sulphuret of antimony 60, charcoal 10. 7. Nitrate of strontian 72, sulphur 20, coal dust 2, gunpowder 6; mix. 8. 40 parts of nitrate of strontian, 13 of sulphur, 2 of lime-tree charcoal. Mix, and add by mixing with a horn spatula, 5 parts of dry and finely powdered chlorate of potash. Lilac Fire. Chlorate of potash 49, sulphur 25, dry chalk 20, black oxide of copper 6 parts. For pans. Green Fires. 1. Sulphur I04, nitrate of barytes 624, chlorate of potash 234> sulphuret of arsenic If, charcoal or lamp black If ; mix. 2. Sulphur 13, nitrate of barytes 77, chlorate of potash 5, metallic arsenic 2, charcoal 3 ; mix. 3. Nitrate of barytes 20, sulphur I4, sulphuret of anti- mony 4, chlorate of potash 10, charcoal f ; mix. 4. Nitrate of barytes I04 dr., sulphur 2 dr., chlorate of potash 162 gr., lamp black 26 gr. ; mix. 5. Dry nitrate of barytes 12 parts, sulphur 4, dry and finely powdered chlorate of potash 5 parts. The chlorate to be mixed by a horn spatula. CoLouKED Flames. The flame of alcohol may be coloured by mixing certain salts with the spirit. A green colour is given by muriate of copper, or boracic acid; red by nitrate of strontian, nitrate of iron, or nitrate of lime; yellow by nitrate of soda, &c. 324 TBADE CHEMICALS. Fi.ixts, Liquor of. Soluble glass. Mix 70 parts of pearl- ash, 54 of wasbitig soda, and 1.52 of silicious sand, and fuse the mixture in a crucible. It is soluble in water, and tlie filtered solution evaporated to dryness leaves a transparent glass. It has been proposed to render wood, muslins, &c. incombustible by means of the solution. Dr. Turner directs 3 parts of carbonate of potash, and 1 of silica. Fly Poison. A common poison for flies consists of white arsenic, or King’s yellow, with sugar, &c., but the use of such compounds may lead to fatal accidents. A sweetened infusion of quassia answers the same purpose, and is free from danger. Pepper, with milk, is also used ; and also some adhesive compounds by which they are fatally entangled. Flowers, Compound for Promoting the Blowing of. Sulphate of ammonia 4 oz., nitre 2 oz., sugar I oz., hot walerapint. Keep it in a well-corked bottle. Forhyacinth glasses adds or 10 drops of the liquid to the water, changing the water every 1 0 or 12 days. For flowering plants in pots, add a few drops to the water employed to moisten them. Fluxes. In a general sense these are substances wliich promote the fusion of minerals, but particularly which cleanse a reduced metal, by assisting its separation from its impurities. Tliey also serve to defend it from the action of the air, and some of them assist in the reduction of oxides. Black Flax. Into an earthen crucible, heated sufficiently hot to cause feeble combustion, but not to fuse the flux, throw successive portions of a mixture of 1 part of nitre, and 2 of crude (or cream of) tartar. Keep the flux in a close bottle. White Flux. Into a large earthen crucible, heated to red- ness, throw successive portions of a mixture of 2 parts of nitre and 1 of tartar. Keep it as the last. Crude Flux, is the mixture of nitre and tartar, before de- flagration. Dr- Christison’s Flux, for reducing arsenic. Mix crys- tallized carbonate of soda with ^ of charcoal, and heat gradually to redness. MISCELLANEOUS PEEPAEATIONS. 325 Fresenius’s Flux, for reducing sulpliuret of nrseiiic. Dry carbonate of potash 3 parts, cyanide of potassium J part. Cuniish Flux. Cream of tartar 10 parts, nitre 3|, borax 3. Morveau’s Flux. Pulverized glass (free from lead) 8 parts, calcined borax ^ part, charcoal ^ part. Mr. Taylor’s Flux. Saturate a solution of tartaric acid with carbonate of soda, evaporate to dryness, and calcine in a covered platinum crucible. Sal enixum (the acid sulphate of potash left in distil- ling nitric acid), sandiver or glass-gall, floor spar, lime- stone, &c., are also used as Fluxes. Freezing Mixtures, The salts should be in a crystallized state, with as much water in them as possible without being damp. They should be coarsely pulverized at the time of using, and put into the water contained in a basin or other suitable vessel. The water to be frozen should be enclosed in a thin vessel, and immersed in the freezing mixture. To obtain extreme degrees of cold, the ingre- dients and vessels employed should be previously cooled by one of the freezing mixtures. 1. Sal ammoniac n oz., nitre 5 oz., water 16 oz. 2. Mix 4 oz. of nitrate of ammonia, 4 of crystallized carbonate of soda, and 4 of water. In 3 hours 10 oz. of water may be frozen, 3. Nitrate of ammonia and muriate of ammonia in etpual proportions, water q. s. 4. Nitrate of ammonia 5 parts, nitrate of potash 5, sulphate of soda 8, water 16 parts, 5. Phosphate of soda 9 parts, diluted nitric acid 4 parts. 6. Sulphate of soda 8 parts, mtiriatic acid 5 parts. 7. Sulphate of soda 0 parts, nitrate of ammonia 5 parts, diluted nitric acid 4 parts. S. Mix 1 part by weight of powdered sal ammoniac, with 2 of powdered nitre. Reduce common washing soda to powder. Keep these powders in well-closed bottles, and when required for use, take equal measures of each, and add an equal bulk of water, or suflicient to dissolve the salts. F F 326 TBADE CHEMICALS. 0. Muriate of ammonia 11 dr., nitre 10 dr., siilpliate of soda 2 oz.. Powder separately, and mix in a tin vessel with 0 oz. of water. With Ice. 1. Snow or pounded ice 2 parts, muriate of soda 1 part. 2. Snow 2 parts, cryst. muriate of lime 3 parts. 3. Snow 8 parts, muriatic acid .5 parts. 4. Snow or pounded ice 12 parts, muriate of soda 5 parts, nitrate of ammonia 5. 5. Snow 7 parts, diluted nitric acid 4 parts. 6. Snow 3 parts, diluted sulphuric acid 2 parts. FnENCH Polish. This is an alcoholic solution of shell-lac ; some of the softer resinous gums are usually added, but too much of them renders the polish less durable. Highly rectified spirit, not less than CO over proof, should be used. Rectified wood naphtha is sometimes substituted, to which the unpleasant smell is the only objection. 1. Orange shell-lac 22 oz., rectified spirit 4 pints ; dissolve. 2. Shell-lac 3 oz., gum sandarac ^ oz., rectified spirit a pint. 3. Shell-lac 4 oz., gum thus J oz., rectified spirit a pint; dissolve, and add almond or poppy oil 2 oz. 4. Shell-lac 5 oz., seed-lac 1 oz., gum juniper ^ oz., mastic 1 oz., rectified spirit a pint. 5. Shell-lac 3 oz., seed-lac 3 oz., gum juniper 1^ oz., mastic 1 oz., rectified spirit a quart. C. Shell-lac 5 oz., oxalic acid ^ oz., rectified spirit a pint; dissolve, and add linseed oil 4 oz. 7. Shell-lac 5 oz., gum benzoin 5 oz., oxalic acid 10 dr., rectified spirit a quart; dissolve, and add | pint of lin- seed oil. 8. Shell-lac 8 oz., gum elemi oz., rectified spirit 4 pints. 9. Shell-lac 10 oz., seed lac 6 oz., gum thus 3 oz., sandarac C oz., copal varnish C oz., rectified naphtha 8 pints. Or dissolve 8 oz. each of seed-lac, gum thus, and sandarac, separately in a pint of naphtha; and 1 lb illSCELLANEOUS PEEPARATIOKS. 327 of sbelMac in 8 pints of naphtha. Then mix 0 oz. of copal varnish, 12 oz. of the solution of seed-lac, (3 oz. of the solution of frankincense, and 12 of the solution of sandarac, and Oj lb of the solution of shell lac. Let the copal varnish he put into the tincture of shell-lac, and well shaken, and the other ingredients added. A correspondent informs me that this polish cannot be excelled. 10. Copal I oz., gum arable ^ oz., shell-lac 1 oz. Pulverize, mix, and sift the powders, and dissolve in a pint of spirit. 11. Shell-lac 5 oz., rectified naphtha a pint. French polish is sometimes coloured with dragon’s blood, turmeric root, &c. The general directions for preparing the polish are to put the gums with the spirit in a tin bottle, and set it on the hob, or in water, so as to keep it at a gentle heat, shaking it frequently. The cork should be loosened a little before shaking it, taking care that there is no flame near to kindle the vapour. When the gums are dissolved, let it settle for a few hours, and pour oir the solution from the dregs. The method of using it is to have a roll of list, over the end of which five or six folds of linen rag are placed. The polish is applied to the linen with a sponge, and a little linseed oil is dropped on the centre of it. Fulminating Compounds. Fidminatuifj Powder. Mix together in a warm mortar 3 parts of pulverized nitre, 2 of dry subcarbonate of potash, and 1 of sulphur. A small quantity heated on an iron shovel or ladle till it fuses, suddenly explodes with great violence. It should be used with great caution. Another kind of fulminating or detonating powder is made by mixing 3 gr. of chlo- rate of potash with i of sulphur; by strongly triturating It with strong pressure in a marble mortar, a succession of sharp explosions is produced. The same mixture, or G gr. of chlorate of potash, 1 of sulphur, and 4 of char- coal, struck with a hammer on an anvil gives a loud report. Chloride of nitrogen and iodide of nitrogen cannot be meddled with without extreme danger. Fulminating gold, and the fulminating silver prepared with ammonia, 328 TBADE CHEMICALS, nre also dangerous compounds, even in minute quan- tities. As they serve no practical use, the mode of pre- paring them is omitted. Fulminating Mercury (Howard’s, as improved by Dr. Ure). Dissolve by a gentle heat 1 oz. of quicksilver in 7^ fluid oz. (or 10 oz. by weight) of nitric acid, of 1'4 specific gravity, in a glass retort, the beak of which is loosely inserted into a large balloon, or bottle. When the mercury is dissolved, the solution, at the temperature of 130° Fahrenheit, should be slowly poured through a tunnel into 10 fluid oz. of alcohol of 830 specific gravity, contained in a vessel that will hold 6 times the quantity of ingredients. When the action ceases, pour the con- tents of the matrass on a double filter iu a glass funnel; wash out any powder that may remain in the matrass with a little cold water, and throw this also on the filter; and wash the fulminate with more water till it passes free from acid. When sufficiently draiued, lift the filter out of the funnel, and lay it open on a copper or earthen plate, and dry the fulminate at 212°, or under, by hot water or steam. Its manufacture requires great caution ; some valuable lives have been sacrificed in its preparation. Fulminating Silver (Brugnatelli’s). On 100 gr. of pul- verized nitrate of silver, in an open glass vessel, pour first an oz. of alcohol, and then as much strong nitrous acid. The mixture boils, aud gives out ethereal vapours. When all the powdered nitrate has taken the form of white clouds, cold distilled water must be added to sus- pend ebullition, otherwise the fulminate will be dissolved. Collect the powder on a filter, and dry it at a low temperature. Dr. Turner directs 1 part of silver to be dissolved in 10 of nitric acid, at a gentle heat, 20 parts of rectified spirit to be added, and the mixture wanned. When it begins to boil, set it aside to cool, collect and wash the crystals on a filter, aud carefully dry them. This is more violent aud dangerous than fulminating mercury. Fumigations. See Fumigatio, Pocket Formulary, for their medicinal uses. Though not strictly belonging to this MISCELLANEOUS PREPARATIONS. 329 place, it may be useful to give a few directions for the management of these important agents, as disinfectants and purifiers. Chlorine Fumigation. This is probably the most effective in destroying noxious eflluvia and putrid odours, and in checking the spread of contagious diseases. But as the gas is itself deleterious, except in a very diluted state, it must be used with caution in occupied apartments. To disinfect rooms from which the occupants have been removed, mix common salt and black oxide of manganese in equal quantities. Mix also in an earthen basin equal weights of oil of vitriol and water, and when it has cooled, put it into a bottle for use. Into a china or earthen basin put from 1 to .3 oz. of the powder, accord- ing to the size of the room, and pour over it twice or thrice as much of the mixed acid. Place it in the apart- ment, and close the doors and windows for a few hours; the doors and windows are then thrown open till the smell of chlorine disappears. Dr. A. T. Thomson directs a mixture of 1 oz.of salt and | oz. of oxide of manganese to be put into a china cup, and 0 fluid drachms of oil of vitriol poured on it, the cup being placed in a pipkin of hot sand. Instead of the above ingredients, some chloride of lime may be placed in a large jar or basin, and a mixture of acetic acid and water poured on it. When used in or near the apartments of the sick, great care must be taken that the chlorine is so diluted with air that it shall occasion no annoyance to the invalid. Some con- trivances have been adopted to render the extrication of chlorine gradual and continued. Smith’s Chlorine Fumi- gator, and the more simple one of Messrs. Heathfield & BonoEss, are very convenient. Another method is proposed by Mr. Scanlan, in the Pharmaceutical .Journal, vol. vii., page 343. By such contrivances, chlorine may with care be safely employed in houses occupied by the sick (in the passages, stairs, &c.) to prevent the spread of infectious fevers: but chloride of lime, simply mixed with water, in the proportion of not more than an oz. to a quart, is usually sufficient to purify the chamber of the sick. It should be occasionally sprinkled on the floor, V F 2 330 TKADE CHEMICALS. nnd also placed about the room in shallow dishes, or a linen cloth moistened with it, suspended on a line. The same method may be pursued in all places where un- pleasant smells prevail. Nitric Fumigation. Put into a china cup equal measures of sulphuric acid and water, and add to it, from time to time, small quantities of powdered nitre; or put 2 or .‘1 drachms of powdered nitre into a cup, and pour over it about an equal quantity of oil of vitriol. Stir it with a piece of glass, or tobacco pipe, and remove it from time to time to different parts of the apartment. For large rooms, 2 or 3 cups may be required. It is often recom- mended to apply heat; but Dr. Batemak, of the Fever Hospital, found this unnecessary and objectionable, espe- cially in the apartments of the sick. Ko metallic or wooden stirrers, or vessels, must be used. Muriatic Fumigation. This is now almost disused, being less efficacious than the preceding. It is obtained by putting a few drachms of common salt into a cup, and pouring on it an equal quantity of oil of vitriol. The vapours are very injurious to the lungs. Acetic Fumigation. The vapour of vinegar, and especially of strong acetic acid, is employed as a disinfectant, but its efficacy is now considered to be very limited. It may be used by keeping the vinegar boiling over a lamp. A coarser method sometimes used is to plunge a red-hot poker into a cup of vinegar. Aromatic vinegar, merely lield to the nose, may afford some slight protection to those who attend upon the sick. Sulphur Fumigation. The fumes of burning sulphur may possibly have some effect in decomposing miasmata and noxious effluvia; but as they have no advantage over chlorine, and are very disagreeable, and otherwise ob- jectionable, they are not likely to be employed. Formerly the following powder was burnt to destroy contagions miasmata. Flowers of sulphur, nitre, and powdered myrrh, of each 1 oz. Tar Fumigation. The vapour of boiling tar has been used as a disinfectant, as well as a palliative in sr me affections of the respiratory organs. The usual plan is to keep the MISCELLANEOUS PEEPABATIONS. 331 tar boiling over a lamp. See Fumigatio Picea, Pocket Formulary. Benzoin, styrax, and other odoriferous gums, cascariJla bark, coffee berries, and the compounds termed aromatic pastiles, are burnt as purifiers and disinfectants. But little confidence is now plaeed in them as propliylactics against infection. Tbe same may be said of camphor and tobacco. They should not be depended on to the exclusion of more efficient means, nor be made a substitute for free ventilation, and the removal of all sources of noxious effluvia, when practicable. Fumigating Pastiles. See PEiii'UMERy. Furniture Cream. 1. Soft water a gallon, soap 4 oz., bees'-wax in shavings 1 H) ; boil together, and add 2 oz. of pearla.sh. To be diluted with water, laid on with a paint brush, and polished oft with a liard brush or cloth. 2. Wax 3 oz., pearlash 2 oz., water C oz. ; heat them together, and add 4 oz. of boiled oil, and 5 oz. spirit of turpentine. 3. The name is sometimes given to a mixture of 1 oz. of white or yellow wax, with 4 of oil of turpentine. Furniture Paste. 1. Melt 1 Hi of bees’-wax with ^ pint of linseed oil, and add ^ oz. ol alkanet root; keep it at a moderate heat till sufficiently eoloured ; then remove from the fire, add ^ pint of oil of turpentine, strain through muslin, and put it into small gallipots to eool. 2. Scrape 4 oz. of wax, and put it into a pipkin with as much oil of turpentine as will cover it, and ^ oz. of powdered resin ; melt with a gentle heat, and stir in sufficient Indian red to colour it. 3. Equal weights of bees’-wax, spirit of turpentine, and linseed oil. Furniture Oil. 1. Linseed oil a pint, alkanet ^ oz.; digest ill a warm place till coloured, and strain. 2. The same with pint of oil of turpentine. 8. Linseed oil a pint, alkanet root I oz., rose pink 1 oz. ; let them stand in an earthen vessel all night. 4. A quart of linseed oil, 0 oz. of distilled vinegar, 3 oz. of spirit of turpentine, 1 oz. of muriatic acid, and 2 oz. spirit of wine. 333 TEADE CHEMICALS. 5. Linseed oil 8 oz., vinegar 4 oz., oil of turpentine, mucilage, rectified spirit, each ^ oz. ; butter of antimony ^ oz. ; muriatic acid 1 oz. ; mix. 0. Linseed oil 10 oz., black rosin 4 oz., vinegar 4 oz., rectified spirit 3 oz., butter of antimony 1 oz., spirit of salts 2 oz. ; melt the rosin, add the oil, take it off the fire, and stir in the vinegar ; let it boil for a few minutes, stirring it; when cool put it into a bottle, add the other ingredients, shaking all together. [The last two are especially used for reviving French polish.] 7. Linseed oil a pint, oil of turpentine pint, rectified spirit 4 oz., powdered rosin 1 1 oz., rose pink ^ oz. ; mix. 8. Linseed oil 14 oz., vinegar oz., muriatic acid 2 oz. ; mix. Fusible AIetal. See Alloys. Gall, Clarified. Ox-gall is prepared for the use of artists in the following manner; — To a pint of fresh ox-gall, boiled and skimmed, add 1 oz. finely powdered alum ; leave it on the fire till the alum is dissolved, then let it cool, put it into a bottle, and cork it loosely. Treat another pint in the same way with 1 oz. of salt instead of alum. After standing more than 3 mouths, carefully de- cant from each bottle the clear portion, and mix them together. The colouring matter is precipitated, and a clear colourless liquid is obtained by filtration. It is used for mixing artists’ colour, and to prepare ivory, oiled paper, &c., to receive the colours. Also for taking out grease spots. Gannal’s Solution. See page 200, Ganteine. (A composition forcleaning kid gloves ; some- times improperly termed Saponine.) Dissolve 3 oz. of soap by heat in 2 oz. of water, and when nearly cold add 2 oz. of eau de Javelle, and 1 dr. of water of ammonia; form a paste, which is to be rubbed over the glove with flannel till sufficiently clean. Garancine. Madder (sometimes the spent madder of the dyer’s bath) is mixed w'ith its weight of oil of vitriol, added very gradually, so as to avoid overheating. The acid is then washed out. Garrot’s Covering for Pills. Soak 1 oz. of purified gela- MISCELLANEOUS PEEPAEATIONS. 333 tine in 2 or 3 dr. of water ; keep it liquefied in a salt- water bath. The pills are stuck on long pins, and dipped in the solution ; when cold the pins are witlidrawn, after being heated by a small flame, which melts the gelatine and closes the hole. Gases. These are generated in gas bottles fitted, by grind- ing, -with an S-forined tube; or in flasks to which a bent tube is adapted by means of a cork; in a common retort; or sometimes in iron bottles with a metal tube. They are usually collected in vessels filled with water placed with their open end in a vessel of water. Pe-py’s Gas Holder is very useful for receiving, retaining, and trans- ferring gases. The pneumalic troiiyh consists of a vessel for holding water with a shelf for sustaining the jars or bottles that are to be filled ; these are filled by sinking them under water, and are then lifted on the shelf, above which the water rises, with their open errd downwards. The beak of the retort, or bent tubes, are so placed that the gas issuing from them rises through the water into the vessel, and takes the place of the water in them. Some gases being very easily absorbed by water, are collected over mercury. Sometimes they are collected in dry bottles. For light gases, as ammonia, place a bottle in a vertical position with its mouth downward over the tube from which the gas issues, which should touch the bottom of the bottle. When the bottle is filled with gas, and this escapes from the moutli, quietly withdraw the tube and close the bottle, still inverted, with a greased stopper. For gases heavier than air, as chlorine, or carbonic acid, the bottle must be placed with its mouth uitperniost, and the tube delivering the gas must descend to the bottom of the bottle. When full of the gas, close it with the greased stopper. The tube connected with a flask in which a gas is generated should have a btill blown in it, into which asbestos mtiy be introduced to arrest any par- ticles thrown up by effervescence. The following are the processes for procuritig the principa gases : — Ammoiiiacal Gas. This is obtained by mixing equal weights of slaked lime (previously cooled) and iiowdered 331 TEADE CHEMICALS. sal ammoniac, and heating the mixture in a retort or flask. As water rapidly absorbs the gas, it must be col- lected over mercury, or in a dry bottle as described above. Carbonic Acid Gas. This is obtained by acting on marble or chalk, or carbonate of soda or potash, by a diluted acid. For exact experiments it must be collected over mercury; oth.erwise it maybe collected in a bottle (as above.) Mr. Benson states that a saturated solution of sulphate of magnesia may be used in collecting this gas instead of mercury. Carbonic Oxide is obtained by acting on binoxalate of potash with 0 times its weight of oil of vitriol with a gentle heat: orby strongly beating, in an iron bottle or gun barrel, equal weights of chalk and iron filings. The gas must be passed through water containing lime or caustic potash to absorb the carbonic acid gas. Chlorine. This gas may be obtained from oxide of man- ganese, common salt, and sulphuric acid, as directed in making chloride of lime (p. 307.) Or from muriatic acid and oxide of manganese (see Chlorinum, Pocket Formu- lary.) But more conveniently, on the small scale, by dissolving common salt in water, adding a sixth of its weight of nitric acid, and as much oxide of manganese. Apply a gentle heat, and the gas is abundantly produced without violent action. (Chemist, vol. i.) Hydrochloric Acid Gas. It may be obtained by heating together in a flask equal weights of salt and oil of vitriol'; or simply by heating strong muriatic acid. It must be collected over mercury ; or otherwise conducted to the bottom of a dry bottle, as described above. Hydrogen Gas is readily procured by pouring on fragments of zinc, in a gas bottle, or flask with a bent tube, or retort, some diluted sulphuric acid (I measure of strong acid to 5 of water). It may be collected over water. If zinc is not at hand, fine iron wire, or the turnings or filings of iron, may be substituted for it. To procure gas of great purity, distilled zinc must be used. Cnrbnretied Hydrogen Gas. Light carburetted hydrogen is readily obtained by stirring the mud of stagnant pools. MISCELLANEOUS PREPARATIONS. 335 Heavy carburetted hydrogen is prepared by healing 1 part of alcohol with 0 or 7 of oil of vitriol, and conduct- ing the mixed gases through milk of lime, which retains the sulphurous acid; and afterwards through oil of vitriol, which absorbs water, ether, and alcohol. Coal gas is a mixture of these gases, with other hydrocarbons, &c. Phosphuretled Hydropen. The spontaneously inflammable variety of this gas is made by boiling phosphorus with solution of potash in a small retort, the beak of which is kept under water : as each bubble of gas rises from the water, it inflames, and forms a ring of white smoke, which dilates as it ascends. The spontaneous inflam- mability of the gas when mixed with atmospheric air or oxygen, renders caution necessary in its preparation. The other varieties of phosphuretled hydrogen have no special interest or application. Sulphuretted Hydrogen. Mix together 2 parts of iron filings, with 1 of sulphur, into a thin pap with water, and heat it gently in an iron vessel. Combination takes place with the evolution of heat. Cover it till cold. On this compound, contained in a gas bottle, or other suitable apparatus, pour sulphuric acid previously di- luted with 7 parts of water. If more acid be afterwards required, dilute the strong acid with only 4 of water. It is absorbed by water. Nitrogen, or Azote. Atmospheric air affords an unlimited supply of nitrogen, by exposing it to the action of sub- stances which combine with its oxygen. By burning phosphorus in a large bell glass standing in water, and allowing it to stand over the water a few hours, nearly pure nitrogen is obtained, and may be further purified by agitating it with solution of pure potash. Protoxide of Nitrogen. Nitrous Oxide o/Davy. It is most conveniently made by heating nitrate of ammonia ( formed by neutralizing pure nitric acid, diluted with 3 parts of water, with carbonate of ammonia, and boiling the solu- tion till a drop let fall on a cold plate solidifies, adding a little ammonia towards the end, to ensure neutrality) in a retort, at a heat not exceeding 000° Fahrenheit, till 336 TIUDE CHEMICALS. il is nearly all decomposed. It may be collected over warm water. Oxijnen Gas. Mix chlorate of potash with a third of its bulk of black oxide of manganese; put the mixture into a gas-bottle, or clean flask, to which a bent tube is fitted by a cork, and apply a gentle heat. The gas, which comes over freely, may be collected over water. Sitlphiiroas Acid Gas. It is procured in a nearly pure state by heating 2 parts of quicksilver with of oil of vitriol, and collecting the gas over mercury. Bv passing the gas through a tube surrounded with a freezing mix- ture, it is condensed into a liquid. For ordinary pur- poses, the gas maybe obtained as directed under Acid, Sulphurous. Gelatine, Purified. Grenetine. It is made bv various processes from gelatinous animal matters. Nelson’s Patent Gelatine is made from cuttings of the hides of beasts, and skins of calves. These freed from hair, flesh, fat, &c., are washed and scored, then macerated for 10 days in a ley of caustic soda, and afterw-ards placed in covered vessels at a temperature of (50° or 70° until they become tender ; then washed from the alkali, exposed to the vapour of burning sulphur until they become sensiblv acid, dissolved in earthen vessels heated' to 150°, strained', put into settling vessels, heated to 100° or 120° for !) hours, the clear liquor drawn off, and poured on the cooling slabs to the depth of ^ an inch. When cold, the jelly is cut in pieces, washed till free from acid, redis- solved at 85°, poured on slabs, cut up, and dried on nets. Bone Gelatine. The bones are boiled to remove the fat, then digested in diluted muriatic acid till the earthy matter of the bone is dissolved. The gelatine, which retains the form of the bone, is washed in a stream of water, plunged in hot water, and again in cold, to remove all remains of acid, and sometimes put into a solution of carbonate of soda. When well washed, it is dried on open baskets or nets. By steeping the raw gelatine in cold water, dissolving it in boiling water. MISCELLAJTEOUS PREPARATIONS. 337 evaporating the jelly, and cutting it into tablets, it may be dried and preserved in that form. German" Paste, for feeding insectivorous singing birds. Blanched sweet almonds 1 fb, pea meal 2 lb, butter 3 oz., saffron a few grains, honey q. s. Form the whole into a paste, and granulate it by pressing it through a colander. Some add the yolks of 2 eggs. Gilding. Leaf gold is affixed to various surfaces, properly prepared by gold size, or other adhesive medium. Metallic surfaces are coated with gold by means ot amalgam of gold and mercury, applied with a wire brush, wet with an acid solution of mercury, made by dissolving 10 parts of mercury in 1 1 of nitric acid, by a gentle beat, and adding 2^ parts of water. The article thus coated is heated over charcoal till the mercury is dissipated, and afterwards burnished. To give it a redder colour, it is covered with gilders’ wax \'n compound of verdigris, ochre, alum, and yellow wax'), again exposed to heat, and afterwards washed and cleaned by a scratch brush and vinegar. An inferior kind of gilding is effected by dissolving gold, with a fifth of its weight of copper, in nitro-muriatic acid, dipping rags in the solution, drying and burning them, and rubbing the ashes on the metallic surface with a cork dipped in salt and water. Electro-gild'nig, by FJkington’s patent process, is thus performed: — A solution of .5 oz. of gold (see Acid, Nitro-Mdriatic, p. 284') is prepared, and boiled till it ceases to give out yellow vapours ; the clear solution is mixed with 4 gallons of water, 20 lb of bicarbonate of potash added, and the whole boiled for 2 hours. The articles, properly cleaned, are suspended on wires, and moved about in the liquid from a few seconds to a minute, then washed, dried, and coloured in the usual way. The solution used in gilding with the voltaic apparatus is made by dissolving oz. of oxide of gold, with 2 oz. of cyanide of potassium in a pint of distilled water. Ginger Beer. See Beverages. Ginger Bread, Purgative. See page 108. Glass of Borax. Calcine borax with a strong heat till G G 338 TKADE CHEMICALS. the water of crystallization is expelled, and the salt fuses into a clear glass. Glass, Soluble. Mix 10 parts of carbonate of potash, 1.') of quartz (or of sand free from iron and alumina), and 1 part of charcoal. Fuse together. The mass is soluble in 4 or 5 parts of water; and the filtered solution evaporated to dryness yields a transparent glass, perma- nent in the air. — Fuchs. Glass. The different kinds of common glass consist essentially of silica with soda or potash; most of the white kinds also contain oxide of lead. Crown glass and green bottle glass contain a portion of lime. Green glass, and some kinds of foreign white glass, are free from lead, and should therefore be selected for chemical uses. To mark on Glass. Glass may be written on, for temporary purposes, by French chalk : pencils of this substance will be found convenient. Glass may be written on with ink if the surface is clean and dry, and the pen held nearly perpendicular. The shell-lnc ink (see Ink) is the best for labels, as it resists damp, &c. To scratch (jlass, a scratching diamond is used ; or a piece of flint, or crystal of quartz, or the point of a small 3-square file. To engrave on glass, fluoric acid is used, either in the liquid state, or in vapour. The glass must be warmed, and coated with wax, or engravers’ cement, and the writing or design traced through the wax with a brad- awl, or other pointed instrument. The liquid fluoric acid is poured on it, and left to act on the uncovered portions of the glass ; or the fluor spar may be powdered and made into a paste with oil of vitriol, and laid over the prepared surface, and covered with lead foil or tea- lead : or bruised fluor spar is put on a Wedgewood evaporating basin, with sufficient oil of vitriol to form a thin paste, and the prepared glass laid over the basin, so that the vapours may act on the portions from which the wax has been removed. To cat glass (besides the usual method of dividing cut glass by a glaziers’ diamond), the following means may be used; — To divide glass ttibes or rods, form a deep mark round them with the MISCELLANEOrs PEEPAEATIONS. 339 edge of a sharp 3-sqiiare file, then with a hand placed on either side of the mark, break the rod with a slightly stretching as well as bending motion. A diamond or sharp flint may be substituted for a file. Flasks, globes, and retorts maybe divided by means of iron rings, having a stem fixed in a wooden handle. Make the ring red-hot, and apply it to the flask, &c. If the vessel does not break where it came in contact with the ring, wet the part, and it will generally separate. Another method is to twist together '2 or 3 threads of cotton, such as is used for wicks, moisten them with spirit of wine, and encircle the flask with them ; then, holding the flask horizontally, set fire to the wick, and turn the flask with the fingers, so as to keep the flame in the direction of the thread. If the separation does not take place the first time, the process may be repeated after the glass has cooled. 13y these means a common oil flask may be divided into an evaporating dish and a funnel. By means of a stout iron rod, fixed in a wooden handle, and terminating in a blunt point and heated to redness, broken retorts, globes, and flasks maybe converted into useful evaporating dishes, &c. If any crack exists, it may easily be led in any direction, as it will follow the motion of the heated iron. If no crack exists, one must be produced by applying the point of the heated rod to any convenient spot on the edge of the broken glass, touching it afterwards with a moistened finger, if necessary. The edges of glass thus divided are rendered less apt to break by heating them in the flame of a blow'-pipe, or grinding them smooth with emery on a flat stone. See Fabaday’s Manipulations. Glass, to Silver. The term silvering is applied to the pro- cess of coating the surface of glass with amalgamated tinfoil, in forming mirrors. The tinfoil is rubbed over with quicksilver, and more of the latter poured over it: the plate of glass, perfectly clean and dry, is then applied to it in such a way as to exclude all air bubbles, and to bring the glass and foil into perfect contact. The plate, after being inclined so as to allow the siiperflnons quick- silver to drain off, is loaded with weights, under which it remains till the adhesion is complete. To convex and 340 TRADE CHEMICAIS. concave mirrors the amalgamated foil is applied by means of accurately-fitting plaster moulds. The interior of globes is silvered by introducing a liquid amalgam (see Amalgam, p. 289), and turning about the globe till every part is covered with it. But a method of lite- rally silvering glass has lately been patented by Mr. Drayton. He mixes 1 oz. of nitrate of silver, 3 oz. of water, 1 oz. of liquid ammonia, and 3 oz. of spirit of wine, and filters the solution after it has stood 3 or 4 hours. To every ounce of the solution he adds \ oz. of sugar {grape sugar, if possible), dissolved in equal quan- tities of water and alcohol. The suiface to be silvered is covered with this liquid, and a temperature of iCG° F. maintained till the deposition of silver is complete. ^Yhen quite dry, the coated surface is covered with mastic varnish. Other substances besides sugar occasion the deposition of silver from the ammouiacal solution ; as oil of cassia, oil of cloves, and other essential oils, alde- hyde, &c.; but M. VoHL prefers an alkaline solution of gun-cotton. Dissolve gun-cotton in a solution of caustic potash, pour it into a solution of nitrate of silver, and add ammonia sufficient to redissolve the precipitate. The liquor being slowly heated in a water-bath becomes brown, effervesces, and deposits silver of superior brilliancy. Glazes. Common earthenware is glazed with a composi- tion containing lead, on which account it is unfit for many pharmaceutical purposes. The following glaze has been proposed, among others, as a substitute: — 100 parts of washed sand, 80 of purified potash, 10 of nitre, and 20 of slaked lime ; all well mixed, and heated in a black- lead crucible, in a reverberatory furnace, till the mass flows into a clear glass. It is then to be reduced to powder. The goods to be slightly burnt, placed under water, and sprinkled with the powder. Glaze for Porcelain. Feldspar 27 parts, borax 18, Lynn sand 4, nitre 3, soda 3, Cornwall china clay 3 parts. Melt together to form a frit, and reduce it to a powder, with 3 parts of calcined borax. — PiosE. Glue is made by boiling parings of ox-hides and other skins in water, evaporating the solution to a due consistence , MISCELLANEOUS PEEPAEATIONS. 3il allowing it to gelatinize in wooden boxes, cutting it into layers with a wire, and drying them on nets stretched on wooden frames. Bones also yield a pale glue, described nuder Gelatine. Bank-note glue, or mouth glue, is made by dissolving 1 lb of fine glue, or gelatine, in water, evaporating it till most of the water is expelled, adding lb of brown sugar, and pouring it into moulds. Some add a little lemon juice. It is also made with 2 parts of dextrine, 2 of water, and 1 of spirit. Glue, Liquid. Dissolve bruised orange shell-lac in ^ of its weight of rectified spirit, or of rectified wood naphtha, by a gentle heat. It is very useful as a general cement and substitute for glue. Another kind may be made by dissolving 1 oz. of borax in 12 oz. of soft water, adding 2 oz. of bruised shell-lac, and boiling till dissolved, stirring it constantly. Glue, Marine. Cut caoutchouc into small pieces, and dissolve it, by heat and agitation, in coal naphtha. Add to this solution powdered shell-lac, and heat the whole with constant stirring, until combination takes place, then pour it while hot on metal plates, to form sheets. When used it must be heated to 248° F., and applied with a brush. Gluten, Vegetable. Form wheat flour into a stiff paste with cold water; then knead it under a stream of water till all the starch is washed away. What remains is impure gluten. Gum, British. (See Dextrine.) It is also prepared by heating starch alone, or previously mixed with an acid. Pixel directs half a gallon of nitric and half a pint of muriatic acid to be mixed with 100 gallons of water, and as much potato fecula added ns will form a paste. In 2 hours remove the paste in buckets, prepared for the purpose, to drain off all the water. Then place the paste in small lumps in a drying room till dry; pulverize it, and expose the powder the first day to the temperature of 100°, the next day raise it to 100°, on the third day to 100°. It is then powdered, sifted, and heated from -000° to .‘300°. To give it the appearance of gum, after it has gone through the stove, and is powdered and sifted, mix it to a paste G G 2 342 TEADJS CHEMICALS. with water to which ] per cent, of nitric acid has been added, spread it on copper plates in layers ^ of an inch thick, and heat it in an oven from 240° to 300°, then remove it to the open air to cool. Gum Arabic, Purification of. Picciotto’s process. The glim is dissolved in water, and sulphurous acid gas passed into it. The sulphurous acid is suflBciently removed for common purposes by gently boiling the mucilage in a retort with a receiver attached. But to obtain the gum in a purer state, carbonate of barytes is added, the mixture is filtered, afterwards agitated with gelatinous alumina, again filtered, and evaporated. Gun Barrels, to Stain. (See Browning Liquids, page 299.) Gun Cotton. Mix 1^ fluid oz. of each of the strongest nitric and sulphuric acid ; put the mixture in a Wedge- wood mortar, and when cool, add 100 gr. of cotton wool. Stir it with a glass rod, and when it is fully soaked, squeeze out the acid with the pestle or a porcelain spoon, throw the cotton into a large quantity of water, squeeze it again, and wash it under a stream of water till quite free from acid. In the specification, the patentee directs 1 measure of nitric acid, sp. gr. T45 or l-.'iO, to be mixed with 3 measures of sulphuric acid, sp. gr. 1‘85 ; the cotton to be soaked in the acid, then squeezed from it, and lelt in a covered vessel for an hour; and after washing, to be dipped in a solution of 1 oz. carbonate of potash in a gallon of water, then pressed, and partially dried ; again dipped in a weak solution of nitre, then dried in a room heated to 150°. This destructive compound has already fallen into disuse as to the purposes for which it was introduced; but seems likely to be usefully applied to other objects. See Collodion. Gun Powder. A compound of nitre, charcoal, and sulphur. 'I he nitre should be purified by recrystallization, the sulphur by distillation, and the charcoal selected of the best quality; that of the dog wood, alder, poplar, chesnut, or willow, is preferred. The following is the composition of some of the most approved kinds ; — MISCELLANEOUS PEEPAEATIONS. 343 Nitre. Charcoal. Sulphur. Koyal Mills, Waltham Abbey 75 15 lU Marsh’s Sporting .... 76 15 9 Mining .... 65 15 20 French (Government) . . 75 12'5 12-5 Sporting .... 78 12 10 Chinese 75 U-4 9-9 Powder, White. Well dried ferro-prussiate of potash 1 part, white sugar I part, chlorate of potash 2 parts. Let the iugredients be separately reduced to a fine powder, and the powders mixed by the hand, or by means of a leathern barrel turning on its axis. Or they may be moistened with water, and granulated by passing the paste through a wire sieve. Gypsum, to Harden. Keating’s patent process is to moisten calcined gypsum with a solution of 1 lb of borax, 1 fb of tartar, in 1 1 lb of water ; it is then heated to red- ness for (1 hours, and pulverized. Erdemann recommends plaster figures &c. to be soaked in a solution of Fuchs’s soluble glass. Hahnemann’s Wine Test. See Tests. Heading for Beer. Equal parts of alum and sulphate of iron. — Gray. Indigo. The principal preparations of indigo are described under Chemic Blue, and Dyes. Indigo may be puri- fied by several methods, of which the following is the most simple : — Mix indigo with half its weight of Paris plaster and sufficient water to form a thin paste. Spread this evenly on an iron plate, about 2 inches wide, to the depth of one-eighth of an inch, and let it dry in the air. Then apply the flame of a large spirit lamp to the under side of the plate, beginning at one end and advancing it to the other as the sublimation proceeds. The violet vapour condenses on the surface in brilliant prisms or plates. Good indigo yields from 10 to 17 per cent. — Mr. T. Taylor. Purified indigo is al-so obtained from the alkaline solu- tion of reduced indigo, described under Dyes ; or by dis- solving indigo in a mixture of 1 part of caustic soda, I of 311 TEADE CHEMICALS. grape sugar, and 20 of water. To the clear solutions thus obtained add muriatic acid to throw down the indigo, wash this perfectlj" with pure water, and finally with alcohol. If care be taken to exclude the air before and after adding the acid, and to wash it with recently boiled water, to drain it rapidly and dry it in vacuo, the indigo is obtained nearly white, but becomes blue on exposure to the air. Inks. The following are specimens of the most useful kinds : — Black Wriliiifj Ink. 1. Brande's. Bruised Aleppo galls G oz., soft water G pints; boil together, add 4 oz. of sulphate of iron, and 4 oz. of gum Arabic. Put the whole in a bottle, and keep it in a warm place, shaking it occasionally. In 2 months pour it off into glass bottles; and add to each pint a grain of corrosive sublimate, or 3 or 4 drops of creasote. 2. Dr. Wollaston’s. Galls I oz., gum ^ oz., cloves ^ dr., sulphate of iron ^ oz., water 8 oz. Digest, with frequent shaking, till it has sufficient colour. A good durable ink, and will bear diluting. 3. Prerogative Court Ink. Galls IG oz., gum G oz., alum 2 oz., sulphate of iron 7 oz., kino 3 oz., logwood in powder 4 oz., water 8 It). — Gray. 4. Dr. Ure’s Ink. For 12 gallons of ink take 12 tb of bruised galls, 5 It) of gum Senegal, 5 tb of green sulphate of iron, and 12 gallons of rain water. Boil the galls in a copper with 9 gallons of water for 3 hours, adding fresh water to replace what is lost by evaporation. Let the decoction settle, and draw off the clear liquor: add to it a strained solution of the gum; dissolve also the sul- phate of iron separately, and mix the whole. Instead of boiling the galls, they may be macerated in a portion of hot water for 12 hours, then put into a percolator, and the rest of the w'ater passed through it. 5. Anti-corrosive Ink. Aleppo galls 10 lb, logwood t) lb, pomegranate-peel 2^ lb, cloves 2^ oz., soft water 8 gallons. Let the whole boil gently for an hour or two, then cover the copper and leave it for 12 or 24 hours. MISCELLANEOUS PEEPAEATIONS. — INKS. 345 stiri'iug it now and then. Strain off the decoction and add 2 gallons more water to the ingredients; simmer gently for an hour, and strain. Mix the liquors, and let them settle ; draw off the clear liquor from tlie dregs ; dis- solve in a portion of it 2^ ft of gum Arabic, and | ft of sugar candy ; and in another portion 2^ ft of green sul- phate of iron. Strain both solutions and mix the whole together; then add 1 oz. of calcined borax, and | oz. of creasote dissolved in ^ pint of spirit of wine. [|Dr. Hake recommends an ink free from acid, to be made with galls and “ finery cinder ;” but we are not sure what is intended by this name.] 6. Rib.aucourt’s Ink. Galls 1 ft, logwood tb, gum G oz., sulphate of iron ^ ft, sulphate of copper 2 oz., sugar 2 oz., water 12 ft (or 5 quarts). This has the dis- advantage of corroding the steel pens and the penknives with which it comes in contact. 7. Galls 3 oz., sulphate of iron 1 oz., logwood ^ oz., gum ^ oz., ale a quart. Let it stand in a loosely coiked bottle”, in a warm place, for a week or more, shaking it daily. 8. Boil 4 oz. of logwood for an hour in C quarts oi water, adding boiling water as it evaporates: then add IG oz. of blue galls coarsely bruised, 4 oz. of dried sul- phate of iron (i. e. heated till it becomes whitish and pul- verulent), 3 oz. of brown sugar, 6 oz. of giun Arabic, and ^ oz. of acetate of copper ground w ith a little of the decoc- tion. Keep the whole in a bottle uncorked for a fortnight, shaking it twice a day. 9. Keade’s Fatent. This differs from common black ink, in containing a portion of soluble Prussian blue. 10. Chrome Ink. Extract of logwood ^ oz., gum J oz., water a pint. Dissolve also in 12 oz. of water ^ oz. of yellow chromate of potash (or i oz. each of bichromate and bicarbonate of potash); and mix the two solutions. The ink is ready for immediate use. 11. Berzelius recommends a solution of vanadiate of ammonia in infusion of galls. Dr. CJre states that this forms the most perfect ink that can be desired ; but the scarcity and high price of the vanadiate prevent its use. 34G TBADE CnEMICALS. Packers' Marking Inkis merely the dregs of black ink, for marking parcels with a brush. Copying Ink. Mr. Buande directs 1 oz. of brown sugar to be added to No. 1, for copying. Another kind is rnade by dissolving ^ oz. of gum, and 20 gr. of Spanish liquorice, in 13 dr, ot water, and adding to it a drachm of lamp-black, previously mixed with a teaspoonful ofsherrv. If the lamj) black is greasy, it should be heated to redness in a covered crucible. Another published form is — Black ink 3 oz., sugar candy 1 oz. Ink Powder. This consists of the dry ingredients for ink, powdered and mixed. 1. Powdered galls 4 oz., sul- phate of iron (heated till it becomes white and pulveru- lent) 1 oz., powdered gum 1 oz., white sugar a oz.; mix. To make a quart of ink, with water or beer. 2, Powdered galls 2 ft, green vitriol 1 ft, powdered gum 8 oz. In 2 oz. packets, each for 1 pint of ink. — Gray. Red Writing Ink. 1. Best ground Brazil wood 4 oz., diluted acetic acid a pint, alum ^ oz. Boil them slowly in a covered tinned copper, or enamelled saucepan, for an hour; strain, and add ^ oz. gum. Some direct the Brazil wood to infuse for 2 or 3 days before boiling. 2. Boil 2 oz. of good Brazil wood, A oz. of alum, and A oz. of cream of tartar, in 1 6 oz. of rain water, till reduced to half; strain, and dissolve in it a oz. of gum Arabic, and add a tincture made with 1^ dr. of cochineal in 1^ oz. of spirit of wine. — Hexseleb. 3. Brazil 4 oz., alum 2 oz., water a quart. Boil for an hour, and strain ; then add 1 oz. of gum. 4. Triturate 1 dr. of cochineal and 1 dr. of subcarbonate of potash, with a little boiling water; then add 1 dr. of burnt alum and 2 dr. of cream of tartar, and water to bring it to the desired colour. [Not so permanent as the Brazil Ink.] 5. Heat a scruple of carmine with 3 oz. of water of ammonia for some minutes, a little below boiling, and add 15 or 20 gr. of gum. Pine Ink. Reaoe’s Patent. Prepare a solution of iodide of iron, from iodine, iron, and water ; add to the MISCELLANEOUS PEEPAEATIONS. — INKS. 347 solutiou half as much iodine as first used. Pour this solution into a semi-saturated solution of ferro-prussiate of potash, containing nearly as much of the salt as the whole weight of iodine. Collect the precipitate, wash it, and finally dissolve it in water, to form the blue ink. The solutiou from which the precipitate is separated, evaporated to dryness, and the residue fused, re-dis- solved, and crystallized, yields pure iodide of potassium. [This process being patented, ink must not be prepared by it for sale.] 2. Add a pint of a cold solution of persulphate of iron (prepared as directed, page 3o4) to a solution of 0 oz. of ferro-cyanide of potassium in 2 pints of water. Collect the precipitate, wash it with distilled water until it begins to dissolve, then triturate it in a mortar with suflicient distilled water to form a blue ink. 3. Cbemic, or Saxon blue (sulphate of indigo), diluted with water to the desired shade, with a little gum. 4. Pure Prussian blue, triturated with a sixth part of its weight of oxalic acid, with a little water, to a smooth paste, and more water added to bring it to the proper colour. A larger proportion of the acid is ordered in some recipes. •5. Digest 2 oz. of the cuttings of tin plate with 4 oz. of nitrous acid, and add the solution to a gallon of water in which 2 oz. of prussiate of potash has been dissolved. [This requires frequent shaking, to keep the precipitate (which is Prussian blue) suspended.] Violet Ink. Boil 8 oz. of logwood in 3 pints of rain or distilled water to 14 pint. Strain, and add 1,^ oz. of clean gum, and 2^ oz. of alum in fine powder. Agitate frequently till dissolved. Purple Ink. Add a little muriate of tin to a strong decoction of logwood. A little gum may be added. Brown Ink. 1. Boil 4 oz- of catechu with 8 ounces of water until dissolved, and strain. Dissolve CO grains of bichromate of potash in 1^ oz. of water, and add it gradti- ally to the solution of catechu until the desired shade is obtained. It requires no gum. 2. By adding to the Violet Ink finely powdered bichro- 318 TEADE CHEMICALS. mate of potash, in the proportion of from 15 to 30 grains to an ounce, various shades of brown and snuff colour are obtained. Yelloiv Ink. 1. Gamboge triturated with water, and a little alum added. 2. Boil 8 oz. of French berries with 1 oz. of alum in a quart of water; strain, and add 1 oz. of gum. Green Ink. 1. Dissolve 3 dr. of bichromate of potash in 1 oz. of water ; add to the hot solution ^ oz. of alcohol, and decompose the mixture by a little strong sulphuric acid till it assumes a brown colour. Evaporate the liquid to half, let it cool, dilute with a sufiBcieut quantity of water, and filter; add to the filtered liquid 4 dr. of alcohol, de- compose it with a few drops of sulphuric acid, and let it rest. After some time it assumes a fine gi-een colour. A little gnm may be added. [There is danger of the paper, and steel pens, suffering from an excess of sulphuric acid.] WiNKLEB. ‘i. Distilled verdigris 2 oz., cream of tartar 1 oz., water 8 oz. ; boil to half, and filter. 3. Add to the yellow ink No. 2 suflBcient sulphate of indigo. 4. Dissolve sap green in water with a little alum. 5. Eub 3^ dr. of Prussian blue, and 3 dr. of gamboge, with 2 oz. of mucilage, and add ^ pint of water. Gold and Silver Ink. Fine bronze powder, or gold or silver leaf, ground with a little sulphate of potash, and washed from the salt, is mixed with water and a sufficient quantity of gum. Indestructible Writing Fluids. The common writing inks being liable to be obliterated by many chemical agents, several compounds more capable of resisting these agents have been proposed, of which the following appear deserv- ing of notice. 1. Carbon Ink. Dissolve real Indian ink in common black ink; or add a small quantity of lamp black, pre- viously heated to redness, and ground perfectly smooth with a small portion of the ink. 2. Shell-lac Ink, or Coathdpe’s Writing Fluid. To 18 oz. of water add 1 oz. of powdered borax, and 2 oz. of Miscellaneous peepaeations. — inks. 349 bruised shell-lac, and boil them in a covered vessel, stir- ring them occasionally, till dissolved. Filter, when cold, through coarse filtering paper; add 1 oz. of mucilage; boil for a few minutes, adding sufficient finely powdered in- digo and lamp-black to colour it. Leave the mixture for 2 or 3 hours for the coarser particles to subside; pour it off from the dregs, and bottle it for use. 3. Gluten Ink. Dissolve wheat gluten, free from starch, in ^^eak acetic acid of the strength of common vinegar; mix 10 gr. of lamp-black and 2 gr. of indigo with 4 oz. of the solution, and a drop or two of oil of cloves. 4. Hausmann s. Dissolve 1 part of genuine asphaltum with 4 parts of oil of turpentine, and sufficient lamp-black. If sufficient lamp-black be used to give it a suitable con- sistence, it may be used with types. 5. For black bottles, in cellars ; Grind flake-white or sulphate of barytes, with a little oil of turpentine, and any light-coloured varnish, to a proper consistence. 6. Braconnot’s Indelible Ink. Take 20 parts of Dantzig potash, 10 of tanned leather-parings, and 5 of sulphur ; boil them in an iron pot with sufficient water to dryness : then raise the heat, stirring the matter constantlv till the whole becomes soft, taking care that it does not Ignite. Add sufficient water, and filter through cloth. It must be kept from the air. It flows freely from the pen, and resists many chemical agents ; but it is not strictly indelible. '' 7. Indian Ink. Real lamp-black, produced by combus- tion of linseed oil, ground with gum, and infusion of galls It IS prepared both in a liquid and solid form, the latter being dried in the sun. Ink for writing on Zinc Labels. Horticultural ink- 1. Dissolve 100 gr. of chloride of platin a in a pint of water’ A little mucilage and lamp-black may be added. 2. Sal ammoniac I dr., verdigris 1 dr., lamp-black 4 dr water 10 dr. Mix. ^ Ink for writing on Steel or Tin Plate, or Sheet Zinc 1. Mix 1 oz. of powdered sulphate of copper and * oz of powdered sal ammoniac, with 2 oz. of diluted acetL acid- adding lamp-black or vermilion. ’ H II 350 TEADE CHEMICALS. 2. Dissolve 1 part of copper iu 10 of nitric acid, and dilute with 10 parts of water. Litho dr. of white sugar, 10 dr. of powdered gum Arabic, oz. of 352 teade chemicals. archil and water to make up C oz. by measure. [Instead Of archil, ^ oz. of sap green may be used to colour the of fine vegetable black, previously triturated with a little water or mucilage. J 3. Kev. J. B. Beade’s patent. This differs from the Jast in using tartaric acid instead of bitartrate of potash, d he quantities may be 1 oz. of nitrate of silver, 3 drachms ot tartaric acid, aud the above quantities of the other in- gredients. The use of tartaric acid he claims an exclusive right to. 4. Add to the last an ammoniacal solution of an oxide or s,i t of gold. Reade. [This addition prevents its being acted on by cyanide of potassium, and some other agents which the silver ink fails to resist.] Printing Ink. This is usually made by boiling linseed oil in a large iron pot, setting fire to it, aud letting it burn for half an hour or more. Various additions are made to it by some manufacturers, the use of which is not very evident. A viscid varnish is obtained, which IS ground with lamp black, vermilion, or other colourinn- miuters, till perfectly smooth. 2^ oz. of lamp-black are suthcieiit for each pound of varnish. See Varnishes. Printer's Ink from liosin Oil. Melt together 13 ounces of rosin 1 Hi of rosin oil, aud 1^ oz. of soft soap; when cold add lamp-black or other colouring matters. Copper-plate Printing Ink. This is not rendered so viscid as the former, and is coloured with Frankfort black . Keade’s Patent Printing Inks. The blue consists of his soluble Prussian blue (see Blue Writing Ink, above) ground with oil as above. The black, by evaporating his black ink, and mixing the product with oil as usual. The red 111 the same manner, from his patent red ink. Sgmpathetic or Secret Inks. The solutions used should be so nearly colourless that the writing is not seen till the agent is applied to render it visible. 1. Digest 1 oz. of zaffre, or oxide of cobalt, at a gentle heat, with 4 oz. of nitro-muriatic acid till no more is dis- solved, then add 1 oz. of common salt, and 10 oz. of water If tliis be written with, and the paper held to the lire, the writing becomes green, unless the cobalt should MISCELLANEOUS TBEPAKATIONS. 353 be quite pure, in which case it will be blue. The addition of a little nitrate of iron will impart the property of be- coming green. It is used in chemical landscapes, for the foliage. 2. Put into a phial 4 oz. of distilled water, 1 dr. of bromide of potassium, and 1 dr. of pure sulphate of copper. The solution is nearly colourless, hut becomes brown when heated. 3. Boil oxide of cobalt in acetic acid. If a little com- mon salt be added, the writing becomes green when heated; but with nitre it becomes a pale rose-colour. 4. A solution of acetate of lead. Colourless, but be- comes brown when exposed to sulphuretted hydrogen gas. !). A weak solution of sulphate of copper. The writing becomes bine when exposed to the vapour of ammonia. 0. A solution of sulphate — or preferably, persulphate — of iron. It becomes black when washed with infusion of galls; blue, by prussiate of potash. [This constitutes colourless ink, which becomes visible when written with on paper containing galls, or tannin, or prussiate of potash.] 7. Mix equal quantities of sulphate of copper and sal ammoniac, and dissolve in water. It becomes yellow when heated. 8. A weak solution of nitrate of mercury. Becomes black by heat. 9. Rice water, or any solution of starch. It becomes blue when washed over with an alcoholic solution of iodine. 10. Lemon juice, milk, juice of onions, and some other liquids, become black when the writing is held to the fire. Iodine. See Pocket Formulary. Other methods of ob- taining it are the following: — To the mother liquor of kelp (after the crystallizable salts have been separated) add sulphuric acid to render the liquor sour. Introduce the acid liquor into a leaden still, heat to 140 Fahr., add hinoxide of manganese, and lute on with pipeclay a leaden head, fitted to a series of spherical glass condensers, each having two mouths op- H H 2 351 TBADE CHEMICALS. posite each otlier, and inserted the one into the otlier. A stopper in the head of the still allows the contents to be occasionally inspected, and additions of acid or oxide made if necessary. See Dr. Pekeira’s “ Elements” lor a drawing of the apparatus. Soubeiran proposes to add sulphate of copper to the ley, which precipitates half the iodine. He then decants the clear liquor, and adds more sulphate of copper with some iron filings. An iodide of copper is formed which is separated from the ii on filings and suspended in the liquor by agitation, col- lected on a filter, and heated with oxide of manganese and sulphuric acid. loDATE OF Potash. Fuse iodide of potassium in a capa- cious hessian crucible, remove it from the fire, and add to it, while still semi-fluid, successive portions of pulverized chlorate of potash, stirring after each addition, till no further action takes place. One part of iodide of potas- sium will require 1^ of the chlorate. Wash the residuum in warm water, which leaves only iodate of potash. Iodide of Potassium. In addition to the process given in the Pocket Formulary, thefollowing, by M. Criquelon, may deserve attention Slake 40 parts of lime with sufficient water, and add 24 parts of iron filings ; mix, and add 94 parts of iodine by degrees, so as to avoid too violent action, stirring after each addition, and adding water, if necessary, to moderate the action. Triturate the mixture till starch paper ceases to become brown when touched with it, but only shows an ochreous spot. Throw it on a filter, and wash it till the water which passes gives no precipitate with acetate of lead. Treat the liquors with solution of carbonate of potash till it no longer occasions a preciiiitate. Filter, and evaporate the solu- tion. 94 parts of iodine yield 119 parts of iodide of potassium. Another method is that of Mr. Reade, de- scribed under Ink (Reade’s Blue). Iron Liquor. See Dyes, page 315. Iron, Persulphate of. Dissolve 16 ounces of sulphate of iron in 4 pints of water, to which has been added 1-i fluid drachms of oil of vitriol. Heat to boiling, and add (by small portions, boiling the solution after each addition) MISCELLANEOUS PREPAHATIONS. 355 4 ounces of nitric acid, or so much that the solution yields with ammonia a brown precipitate unraixed with black. Continue the boiling for some time, let the solu- tion cool, filter, if necessary, and add water to make up the measure exactly 4 pints. If required in a dry state, evaporate to dryness by a gentle heat. Isinglass. The air bags, or sounds, of several kinds of fishes, washed, dried, and otherwise prepared. They are either dried without opening (purse, pipe, and lump isinglass), or opened and not folded (leaf and honeycomb isinglass), or folded (book isinglass), or twisted into the shape of a lyre or horse-shoe (short and long staple). The leaf isinglass is sometimes rolled out into thin plates (ribbon and rolled leaf isinglass). The inner membrane, which is insoluble, is removed from the opened air bags, in the best kinds. The Russian isinglass, which is most esteemed, is made from the air bags of several species of Accipenser (siurc/eon) ; particularly A. Huso (the Be- luga)-, A. Guldenstadtii (the Osseter); A. Ruthenus (the Sterlet)-, A. Stellatus (the Sewrmja) ; and also from the Silurus glanis (the Som) which yields the Samovey isinglass. Brazilian and East India isinglass are of inferior quality; it is not certainly known from what genera or species of fish they are obtained. New York isinglass is the air-bladder of the common hake, mace- rated in water and rolled out into ribbons. The sounds of the cod yield an inferior kind. Prepared sole skins are used as a cheap substitute for isinglass. See Dr. Pereira’s “Elements,” for the description of each variety. Ivory Black. Burn shavings and waste pieces of ivory from the ivory turners, iii a covered crucible, till no more smoke issue. Cover it closely while cooling. It should be afterwards washed with diluted muriatic acid, then with water till no longer acid, dried, and again heated in a covered crucible. It is of a deeper colour than bone- black, and is used as a pigment, a tooth powder, and to decolorize syrups and other liquids. Ivory, to Stain. Ivory is stained with the ttsital dyein materials; it should be first steeped in the mordant an afterwards in the hot colottr. Nitromuriate of tin is the 356 TEADE CHEMICALS. mordant for red, with decoction of brazil or cochineal ; for yellow, with fustic; for violet, with logwood. After being plunged into hot liquor it should be placed in cold water. A black stain is given by nitrate of silver. Ivory may be (jilded by immersing it in a fresh solution of protosulphate of iron, and afterwards in solution of chloride of gold. It may be bleached by solution of sul- phurous acid. Incense. Olibanum 2 parts, benzoin 1 part. Jellies. See Dietetic Articles. Kyan’s Solution, for preventing the dry rot. Dissolve 1 ib of corrosive sublimate in 5 gallons of water. Labarraque s chloro -SoDAic Liquor is nearly identical with the Liquor Sod® Cblorinat® of the London Phar- macopffiia. It is made by passing the chlorine gas from 2 oz. black oxide of manganese, and 8 oz. of muriatic acid, into a solution of U) oz. of crystallized subcarbonate of soda in 3 pints of water; or sufficient to bring it to the density of 12° Baume, or I'09 specific gravitv. Lac, Preparations of. Stick-lac consists of twigs of several kinds of trees encrusted with a resinous matter produced by the puncture of an insect (the coccus lacca). This, triturated w’ith water and dried, forms seed-lac. The seed-lac heated and pressed in cotton bags forms shell-lac. Lac dye is the colouring matter extracted from stick-lac by water, and evaporated to drvness with the addition of earthy matters, and formed into square cakes. Seed-lac and shell-lac are chieflj' used in var- nishes dissolved in rectified spirit, or “rectified wood naphtha. The alcoholic solution is rendered paler, so that it may be used for polishing light-coloured woods, hy digesting it in the sun, or near a fire, for 2 or 3 weeks, with good animal charcoal, and then filtering it tbrougli paper in a funnel heated with hot water. Shell-lac may be bleached by dissolving it in a solution of potash or soda, and passing chlorine into the solution. The pre- cipitated lac is collected and well washed. Kastner directs 3 parts of carbonate of potash to be dissolved in 24 of water, and 3 of lime added, and the whole digested in a close vessel for 24 hours. The clear liquor is jioured MISCELLANEOUS PEEPAEATIONS. 357 off, and boiled with 4 parts of shell-lac. When cold, dilute with 4 times its bulk of water, and filter; then add chloride of lime, and afterwards diluted muriatic acid. Lacquers. See Varnishes. Lakes. These consist of vegetable colours in combination with alumina. Alum is usually added to an infusion or decoction of the colouring ingredient, and afterwards potash added, which throws down the colouring matter combined with alumina. Some of the lakes are noticed under Pigments. Lake Liquor. Boil 1 oz. each of cochineal and salt of tartar in 8 oz. of water; then add 1 oz. of cream of tartar, and the same of alum. Le.mon Juice, Factitious. Dissolve 4 oz. of citric acid in 8 pints of water, with 8 drops of essence of lemon, rubbed with the acid, or dissolved in a little spirit. After stand- ing a few days, filter it, and preserve it in well-closed bottles. Linseed Oil, Refined. (Wilks’ Patent.) In 230 gal- lons of oil pour 6 ft of oil of vitriol, and stir them to- gether for 3 hours ; then add 6 ft of fullers’ earth, well mixed with 14 ft of hot lime, and stir for 3 hours. Put the oil into a copper boiler, with an equal quantity of water, and boil for 3 hours ; then extinguish the fire, and when the materials are cold, draw off the water, and let the oil stand to settle for a few weeks before using. Linseed Oil, Clarified, for Varnishes. Heat in a copper boiler oO gallons of linseed oil to 280° F. ; add 24 lb of calcined white vitriol, and keep the oil at the above temperature for half an hour ; then remove it from the fire, and in 24 hours decant the clear oil, which should stand for a few weeks before it is used for varnish. Liquorice, Purified Extract of. Italian or Spanish juice may be purified by the following method: — Take a sugar mould, close the vent hole with a stopper, place inside it some coarse tow, and over this some clean straw, laid crossways in layers of an inch each, then the sticks of liquorice placed upright, and packed closely in the mould with chopped straw cut rather long. When this 358 TEADE CnElIICALS. nrrangement is completed to within an inch of the brim, ]iour water over the liquorice, allow it to remain for 24 hours, then draw it off, and add more. The liquor, on evaporation, yields an extract perfectly soluble in water. Litmus. A preparation of some kind of lichen, probably Lecanora tartarea, or Rocella tartarea, or both. The exact mode of preparing it is kept secret. It is imported in small cubical masses, many samples of whicli Dr. Pereira found to contain, besides the colouring matter and tissues of the liclien, indigo, chalk, &c. See Tests. Lozenges. See Trocliisci, P. F., and Lozenges, under Patent Medicines, in this volume. Lubricating Compounds. See Anti-Attrition. The brench compound termed Liard is thus made: — Into .')() parts of finest rape oil put I part of caoutchouc cut small, and apply heat until it is nearly all dissolved. Mankettrick’s Lubricating Compound consists of ca- outchouc (dissolved in spirit of turpentine) 4 ft, common soda 10 ft, glue I ft, oil 10 gallons, water 10 gallons. Dissolve the soda and glue in the water by heat, then add the oil, and lastly the caoutchouc, stirring them until perfectly incorporated. Lucifers. See Matches, below. Luminous Phials. Nearly fill a bottle with olive or almond oil, and heat it in a water-bath. Drop into it small slices of phosphorus so long as it is dissolved. Let the solution cool, and pour off the oil from the undissolved phosphorus into clean dry phials, which should not be quite filled. When uncorked thevemit liHit. Lutes. See Cements. ' ° Manures, Artificial. These constitute a new and im- portant branch of manufacture; but a few of the more simple and readily prepared kinds are all that can be noticed here. Powder for Coafin^ Seeds. Fine bone dust 20 parts gypsum I part. The seeds are steeped in water from' the dunghill, then strewed over with the powder, so that each shall receive a layer of it, and afterwards dried. Sidphaled Bones. See Bones, Snlphated. A usual proportion is 33 of sulphuric acid to I cwt. of bones. MISCELLANEOUS PEEPAKATIONS. 359 Saline Mixture, as a top-dressing for potatoes, See. Equal weights of nitrate of soda and dry sulphate of soda. 14 cwt. to an acre. Mr. Huxtable’s Mixture. Bone-dust 4 cwt., gypsum 4 cwt., salt 2 cwt., ashes 2 quarters, wood ashes 30 bushels. Another Saline Mixture. Sulphate of ammonia 42 ft, sulphate of lime 50 ft, sulphate of potash 50 ft, car- bonate of magnesia 14 ft, salt 50 ft, to 1 acre. Dr. Anderson’s Manure for Clover. Sulphate of ammonia, 98 ft, gypsum 172 ft, sulphate of potash 174 ft, sulphate of soda, 333 ft, sulphate of magnesia 240 ft, sulphuric acid 98 ft, saltpetre 202 ft, common salt 107 lb, muriate of potash 149 ft. Pr. .Johnstone’s Substitute for Guano. Bone-dust 7 bushels, sulphate of ammonia 100 ft, wood ashes 20 ft, salt 100 ft, dry sulphate of soda 11 ft. To Promote the Blowinr/ of Flowers. See page 324. Marble, to Clean. Mix soft soap, solution of potash, and slaked lime, to a paste ; spread it over the marble, and leave it for a day or two. Then wash it oft’. Marble, to Stain. Make the marble hot, and pour on it the coloured liquid, also made hot. The stains usually employed are, archil, solution of indigo, solution of verdigris, decoction of Brazil wood, logwood and sulphate of iron, tincture of dragon’s blood, &c. But the most penetrating medium is wax, which may be coloured with alkanet, annatto, verdigris, &c. Marine Glue. See Glue. Matches for Instantaneous Light. 1. Chlorate Matehes (without sulphur). Chlorate of potash, separately pow- dered, (3 dr., vermilion 1 dr., lycopodium 1 dr., line flour 2 dr. ; mix carefully the chlorate with the flour and lycopodium, avoiding much friction, then add the ver- milion, and mix the whole with a mucilage made with — 1 dr. powdered gum Arabic, 10 gr. of tragacanth, 2 dr. of flour, and 4 oz. of hot water; mix, add suflicieut water to bring it to a proper consistence, and dip in it the wood, previously dipped into a solution of 1 oz. of gum thus, and ^ oz. of camphor, in 6 oz. of oil of turpentine. 3G0 TEADE CHEMICALS. 2. n ith Sulphur. Chlorate of potash 0 gr., sulphur - gr., sugar 3 gr., vermilion 1 gr., flour 2 gr., spirit of wine q. s. Ihe chlorate of potash &o. must be sepa- rately reduced to powder, and the whole mixed with as little friction as possible. The wood should be previously prepared as above, or with camphorated spirit. fThese are ignited by dipping them in sulphuric acid, and in- stantly withdrawing them. The acid should be absorbed by asbestos.] They are now become obsolete, havinn given place to — ° , . Matches. These contain phosphorus in a finely divided state, to which it is reduced by agitating it in some warm solution of gum or glue, 'then adding the otlier ingredients, so as to form a paste, into which the wood or card is dipped. It is said that urine and artificial urea have the property of readily dividing phosphorus when warmed and agitated together. The following are some of the published recipes: — 1. Form 0 parts of glue into a smooth jelly, and rub 1 phosphorus, at a temperature of 140° or loO F. ; add 10 parts of nitre, o of red ochre, and 2 of fine smalts. Ihe matches are first dijiped in .melted wax to the depth of ^tyth of an inch, first rubbing their ends on a hot iron plate. ° 2. Noiseless Congreves. Triturate 9 parts of phos- phorus with a solution of 16 parts of gum, and add 14 parts of nitre, and 16 of vermilion.— Dr. Boettger 3. Glue 6 parts, phosphorus 4, nitre 10, red lead 5 smalts 2; the glue is soaked in water for 24 hours then liquefied in a warm mortar, and the phosphorus added taking care that the temperature is not above 167° F * 4. Glue 21, phosphorus 17, nitre 38, red lead" 24- proceed as before. ’ Promethean Matches. These consist of a composition similar to that of the chlorate matches, inclosed at the end of a paper spill, with a minute glass bulb filled with oil of vitriol in the centre of the composition. When ^truck, the vessel of acid is broken, and kindles the Milk, Preserved (Bethel’s Patent). The milk or cream MISCELI-ANEOTJS PEEPAEATIONS. 361 is first scalded, and, when cold, strongly charged with carbonic acid gas, by means of a soda-water machine. [Attempts have also been made to preserve milk by evaporating it to dryness ; but it is necessary to remove the cream in order to effect it.] Mineral, Chameleon. See Chameleon Mineral. Moiree Metallique. a method of ornamenting the surface of tin plate by acids. The plates are washed with an alkaline solution, then in water, heated, and sponged or sprinkled with the acid solution. The appearance varies with the degree of heat and the nature and strength of the acids employed. The plates, after the application of the acids, are plunged into water slightly acidulated, dried, and covered with white or coloured varnishes. The following are some of the acid mixtures used : — Nitro-muriatic acid, in different degrees of dilu- tion; sulphuric acid, with 5 parts of water; 1 part of sulphuric, 2 of muriatic acid, and 8 of water ; a strong solution of citric acid; 1 part nitric acid, 2 sulphuric, and 18 of water. Solution of potash is also used. Mordants. See Dyes, p. 318. Nitrate of Barytes. This may be made from the car- bonate by dissolving it in dilute nitric acid, evaporating, and crystallizing; but more cheaply from the sulphate of barytes, by converting it into a soluble sulphuret by healing it with charcoal, and decomposing the filtered solution with nitric acid. M. Weiss recommends mix- ing the pulverized sulphate of barytes (cawk, or heavy spar) with one-eighth of charcoal and one-fourtli of flour, heating it in a covered crucible, pulverizing the product and forming it into balls, with one-eighth of charcoal and a little water, and again healing them placed between layers of charcoal. Hot water extracts the sulphuret, which crystallizes from the filtered solution. By decom- posing this by nitric acid (avoiding the gas which escapes) the nitrate is obtained. The other salts of barytes are obtained in a similar manner. Nitrate of Silver. See Argenti Nitras, P. F. It may be prepared from impure silver by the following jn'ocess. Dissolve it in nitric acid, add common salt till no more m2 TBADE CHEMICALS. silver remains in solution. Wash tbe precipitate tho- roughly ; then add water and a very little hydrochloric acid, and introduce some pieces of zinc; let tliem remain together 24 hours, stirring frequently. Remove the zinc, and wash the reduced silver thoroughly. Again dissolve it in nitric acid, diluted with 2 or .3 parts of water; filter, and evaporate, that it may crystallize. Nitkate of Strontian. This may be obtained from the native carbonate of strontian, or more cheaply from the native sulphate, by the processes employed for Nitrate of Barytes. Nitric and Nitro-Mueiatic Acids. See Acids. Nitro-prushide of Sodium. To 213 parts of powdered ferro-prussiate of potash, in a porcelain basin, add 450 parts of nitric acid of i-42 density (or 337^ parts at 1-50), adding all the acid at once. When dissolved, transfer to a bolt-head, and digest in a water-bath until the solution precipitate salts of protoxide of iron of a slate colour. Neutralize, when cold, with a cold solution of carbonate of soda: then boil, and separate the precipitate by filtration. Evaporate the liquid again, filter, and allow the' nitrates of jiotash and soda to crystallize out. Evaporate the liquid again, and remove the prismatic crystals of nitro- prusside as they form. They may be dissolved in water and recrystallized by cooling. VARGENT. This is said to consist of a solution of fresh precipitated chloride of silver in hyposulphite of soda (or, according to the Pharmaceutical Journal, of oxide of silver in cyanide of potassium), mixed with prepared chalk. Oils, Purification and Bleaching of. Fish and other fat oils are improved in smell and colour, by passing hot air or steam through them. Dunn’s method is to heat the oil by steam to 170° or 200°, and force a current of air through it, under a chimney, till it is bleached and purified. Mr. Cameron’s method of bleaching palm oil is to keep it at 230^ with continual agitation by passing into it high-pressure steam, through leaden pipes of two inches diameter. Four tons of oil require 10 hours’ steaming. Palm oil is also bleached by chloride of lime. MISCELLANEOUS PREPARATIONS. 3G3 Take from 7 to 14 lb of chloride of lime, triturate it in a mortar, adding gradually 12 times the quantity of water, so as to form a smooth cream. Liquefy 112 lb of palm oil, remove it from the fire, add the solution of chloride of lime, and stir well with a wooden stirrer. Allow it to cool, and when become solid, break it into small fragments, and expose it to the air for 2 or 3 weeks. Then put into a cast-iron hoiler, lined with lead, and add sulphuric acid in equal weight to the chloride of lime, and diluted with 20 parts of water. Boil with a moderate heat till the oil drops clear from the stirrer; then let it cool. To remove the foetor from fish oils treat them in the same way (except the exposing to the air), using only 1 lb chloride of lime to 112 lb of oil. It does not remove the natural smell of the oil. Fresh burnt animal charcoal has some effect in improv- ing the colour and smell of most kinds of oil; but its effects are limited. Calcined magnesia has been used to deprive oils of their rancidity. Mr. Watt’s patented method of bleaching oil is by chromic acid. For palm oil it is thus used: — The oil is heated in a steam vessel, allowed to settle and cool down to 130° F., then removed into wooden vessels, taking care that no water or sediment accompany it. For a ton of palm oil make a saturated solution of 25 lb of bichromate of potash; add 8 b> sulphuric acid, and 50 lb muriatic acid (or an equivalent quantity of salt and sulphuric acid). Put the muriatic into the oil, and let it be constantly stirred till it becomes of a light- green colour. If not sufficiently decoloured, add more of the mixture. Let the oil settle for half an hour, then pump it into a wooden vat, boil it for a few minutes with fresh water, by means of a steam-pipe, and let it settle. For linseed, rape, and mustard oil, a dilute solution of chromic acid is used, with a little muriatic acid : for olive, almond, and castor oil, no muriatic acid is required. Fish oils and fats are first boiled in a steam apparatus with a weak soda ley (§ lb soda for every ton of fat) for half an hour; then \ lb sulphuric 364 TBADE CHEMICALS. acid, diluted with 3 fb of water, is added ; the whole boiled for If) minutes, and allowed to settle for an hour or more, when the water and sediment are drawn ofl‘, and the oil further bleached by a solution of 4 lb of bichromate of potash and 2 Ih of sulphuric acid properly diluted. Mr. Davidson treats whale oil first with a solution of tan, next with water and chloride of lime, and lastly, with diluted sulphuric acid and warm water. Kape and other seed oils are also refined by means of sulphuric acid and twice as much water. Mr. Gray directs 2 tb of oil of vitriol to 112 ft of oil. The oil should be carefully washed from the acid, and filtered. Mr. Bancroft’s process for refining common olive oil, lard, oil, &c., for lubricating purposes, is to agitate them with from 3^ to 8 per cent, of caustic soda ley, of D2 specific gravity. If on trial of a small quantity the ley be found to settle clear at the bottom, enough has been added. The oil is allowed to rest for 24 hours, for the soapy matter to subside; the supernatant oil is then filtered. Another plan of purifying oils, (especially lamp oils,) is to agitate them with a strong solution of common salt. The above methods of treating oil are of doubtful pro- priety in reference to such as are to be used as medicines. Oils which have been so carefully prepared from sound and fresh materials as to require no purification should be selected for this purpose. This is especially important in reference to cod-liver oil. See Linseed Oil. Oil for Machinery. Sperm oil, palm oil, and olive oil, are used. Care should be taken that they are not adul- terated. For compound lubricants see Anli-attritiou, and Lubricating Compounds. Oleine. This may be prepared by boiling fine olive oil with absolute alcohol, and evaporating the solution. Oxygenated Water, or Deutoxide’ of Hydrogen, '['henard’s oxygenated water is thus made: — Expose fragments of perfectly pure barytes to a current of oxygen gas, in a green glass tube heated to dull redness, to form a deutoxide of barium. To 7 oz. of water add MISCELLANEOUS PBEPAEATIONS. 305 as much pure muriatic acid as will dissolve 4 dr. of barytes; add to this, by degrees, 3 dr. of pulverized deutoxide of barium, aud wheu this is dissolved, add sulphuric acid, drop by drop, till the barytes falls down in the state of sulphate. Then add more deutoxide, and precipitate by sulphuric acid as before. Then filter the solution; and repeat the solution and precipitation several times, till about 3 oz. of deutoxide of barium is used, fil- tering the liquid after every second repetition. Sulphate of silver is then added to remove the hydrochloric acid, and afterwards pure barytes, to throw down the sulphuric acid, and a few drops of diluted sulphuric acid to remove any excess of barytes. This energetic compound must not be confounded with the oxygen water formed by impregnating water with oxygen gas; nor with the oxygenous aerated water of Searle, which is water strongly charged with protoxide of nitrogen. OxYGKN Gas. See Gases. Paper, Copying. Mix lard with black lead or lamp-black, into a stiff paste aud rub it over writing paper with flan- nel, aud wipe off the superfluous quantity with a soft rag. These sheets alternated with writing paper, and written on with a solid pen, produce 2 or 3 copies of a letter at once. JjithoQruphic Paper. Give the paper 3 coats of thin size, 1 o'f starch, and 1 of solution of gamboge. Each to be applied with a sponge, and allowed to dry before the next is applied. Hijdroijraphic Paper. This name has been given to paper which may be written on with water. It may be made by rubbing paper over with a mixture of finely pow- dered galls and sulphate of iron heated till it becomes white. The powder may be pressed into the paper by passing it between rollers, or passing a heavy iron over it. A mixture of dried sulphate of iron and ferro-prns- siate of potash, may be used for blue writing. Or the paper may be imbued with a strong solution of one ingre- dient, thoroughly dried ; and the other applied in powder. Paper which has been wet with a solution of ferro-priis- 3GG TRADE CHEMICALS. siate of potash also serves for writiug on with a colour- less solution of persulpliate of iron. Iridescent Paper. Nut-galls 8 parts, sulphate of iron 5, sal ammoniac 1, sulphate of indigo 1, gum- arabic -^th. To he boiled in water, and the paper washed Avith it exposed to ammonia. Phutographic Paper. See Photographic Prepara- tions, below. Tracing Paper. Paper well wetted with Canada balsam and camphine, and dried. Another kind is made with nut oil and oil of turpentine; the paper is moistened with it, and then rubbed with flour. A temporary tracing paper is made by moistening paper with pure alcohol: it must be used while wet. Waxed Paper. Lay the paper on a clean hot iron plate, and rub it over with a piece of white wax enclosed in a muslin. Papyrine. Dip white unsized paper for ^ a minute in strong sulphuric acid, and afterwards in water containing a little ammonia. When dried it has the toughness and appearance of parchment. Paraffine. Liquid and solid parafiine are obtained from the tarry product of the distillation of peat, by first dis- tilling off the lighter tar oil, then the residue separately. The crystallized paraffine is separated by a hair sieve, melted, cast into moulds, pressed in a stearine hot-press at a temperature not exceeding 100°; then re-distilled, and the same process repeated till it is obtained perfectly pure. The liquid paraffine is re-distilled, and burned in lamps. The solid is made into candles. Pastes. See Blacking Paste, Furniture Paste, &c., above. For flour paste, see Cements. For almond paste, honey paste, and tooth pastes, see Cosmetics. Paste for Cleaning Brass, &c. 1. Rotten stone in very fine powder 2 oz., soft soap 1 oz,, oil of amber 1 dr. 2. Neat’s-foot oil Ki oz., water of ammonia 1 oz., powdered rotten stone sufficient to form a paste. 3. Rotten stone 4^ lb, oxalic acid (dissolved in the water) 2 oz., soft soup 8 oz., sweet oil 8 oz., oil of amber- MISCELLANEOUS PEEPABATIONS. 3G7 1 oz., boiling water ] ft. Some substitute oil of tur- pentine for oil of amber. Paste fur Razors. 1. Emery very finely levigated in the same manner as prepared cbalk, mixed with lard, oi tallow, or a mixture of these with neat’s-foot oil. 2. Equal parts of jewellers’ rouge, black lead, and pre- pared suet. . , 3. Pradieb's. Best putty powder 1 oz., jewellers rouge 1 oz., scales of iron ^ oz., levigated lurkey stone 3 oz., beef suet 1^ oz. 4. Mix equal parts of dried sulphate of iron and salt, and apply a gi’adually increased heat, in a closed vessel. Pulverize, elutriate, and mix with lard or tallow. Pastilles, Aromatic. See Perfumery. Payne’s Process for Eendering Wood Eire-Proof. The wood is introduced into a close vessel, which is exhausted of air; the liquid is then admitted, and loiced in by the pump till the pressure is from 110 to 140 ft to the square inch. The liquids employed are the liquid sulphuret of calcium, or of barium ; a solution of sulphate of iron is afterwards forced into the wood. Percussion Caps, Priming for. 100 gr. of fulminating mercury are triturated, with a wooden muller on marble, with 30 gr. of water and (JO gr. of gunpowder. This is sufficient for 400 caps. Dr. Ure recommends a solution of gum mastic in turpentine as a medium of attaching the fulminate to the cap. Phosphorus. See Pocket Formulary. Phosphorus Matches. See Lucifers. The old phos- phorus bottles with sulphur matches were made by melt- ing phosphorus with a fourth part of wax in the bottles placed in warm water, and turning them about so as to coat the sides. — Gray. Photographic Compounds. For the manipulations of the art, see the several treatises on the subject. Photographic Solutions. 1- Solution of Common Salt. This is made of various strengths, with 1 part of salt to^ (i, 8, 10, 20, and 2.') parts of water. 2. Solution of Nitrate of Silver. This consists of pure 3G8 THADE CHEMICALS. crystallized nitrate of silver dissolved in distilled water. The strength varies from 20 to 120 gr. of the nitrate to each ounce of water. 3. Gallo-nilratc of Silver. Dissolve 100 gr. of crystal- lized nitrate of silver in 2 oz. of distilled water, and add 2 fluid dr. and 40 minims of acetic acid. Mix these at the time of using with an equal measure of cold saturated recently prepared solution of gallic acid. It is used in preparing Calotype paper. 4. Bromide Solution. This consists of 40 gr. of bro- mide of potassium to i oz. of distilled water. 5. Iodide Solution. Dissolve 100 gr. of iodide of imtassium in 4 oz. of distilled water. 0. Hyposulphite Solution. Dissolve 1 oz. of pure hyposulphite of soda in a pint of distilled water. 7. Barytic Solution. Muriate of barytes (chloride of barium) 30 gr., distilled water 2 oz. 8. Sal Ammoniac Solution. Dissolve 40 gr. of muriate of ammonia in 4 oz. of water. 9. Chromate Solution {simple). A saturated solution of bichromate of potash. A little sulphate of indigo is sometimes added to vary the colour. 10. Compound Chromate Solution. Dissolve 10 gr. of bichromate of potash and 20 gr. of sulphate of copper in an ounce of water. 11. Hydriodate of Iron and Barytes Solution. Hy- driodate of barytes 40 gr., water 1 oz., pure sulphate of iron 5 gr.; mix, filter, add a drop or two of diluted sulphuric acid, and when settled, decant the clear liquor for use. 12. Mr. Talbot’s Aceto-nitrale of Silver. Nitrate of silver 00 grains, acetic acid 80 grains, distilled water I ounce. J’or Solution of Chlorate of Potash, and of Ammonio- Citrate of Iron, no definite formulte have been met with. Photographic Papers. [The paper should be the finest satin post paper, of uniform texture, free from the maker’s mark, specks, and all imperfections. The papers must be prepared by candle-light, and kept in the dark till used.] MISCELLANEOUS PEEPARATIONS. 3G9 1. Siviple Nitraied Paper. This is merely paper bruslied over with a strong solution of nitrate of silver. In brushing over the paper, it must not be crossed. Its sensitiveness is increased by using spirit of wine instead of water. This paper only requires washing in water to fix the drawing. 2. Miiriated Paper. The paper is first soaked in solution of common salt, pressed with a linen cloth or blotting-paper, and dried. It is then brushed over on one side (which should be marked near the edge) with the solution of nitrate of silver, and dried at the fire. The stronger the solution, the more sensitive the paper. If the barytic solution. No. 7, be used instead of common salt, richer shades of colour are obtained. The sal ammoniac solution. No. 8, gives a very sensitive paper. A due proportion must be observed in the silver and salt solutions. Mr. IlnxT gives the following as proper proportions : — Sensitive paper for the camera. 50 gr. of common salt to 1 oz. of water; and 120 gr. of nitrate of silver to 1 oz. of water. Or, 00 gr. of the nitrate, with the solution No. 8. Or, 100 gr. with the solution No. 7. — Less sen- sitive for copying engravings, botanical and entomological specimens, &c. The salt solution to contain 2.) gr. of salt to 1 oz. of water. The silver solution, 90 gr. in 1 oz. — Common, for copying lace-work, feathers, patterns, &c. 'J'he salt solution 20 gr., the silver solution, 40 gr. to an ounce. To fix the drawings on these papers, they must be first washed in lukewarm water, then dipped twice in the solution of hyposulphite of soda. No. 0 ; then in pure water, and dried. 3. Iodized Paper. Brush over the paper on one side (which should be marked) with strong solution of nitrate of silver (100 gr. to 1 oz.); then dip it in the solution No. 5; wash it in distilled water, drain, and dry it. 4. Bromide Paper. Soak the paper in the solution No. 4; then brush it over with strong solution of nitrate of silver, and dry in the dark. .5. Calolype Paper. Brush iodized paper (3) with the gallo-nitrate of silver (solution No. 3), and mark the 370 TEADE CHEMICALS. side ; ,in half a minute dip it into water, and press it between blotting paper. It is then ready for the camera, where it remains from half a minute to five minutes. When removed from the camera, dip it into water, press it between blotting paper, and wash it with a solution of 100 gr. of bromide of potassium in 8 or 10 oz. of water, C. ChromaUjpe Paper. Soak the paper in the solution No. 9, and dry it at a brisk fire. To fix the drawing, careful immersion in warm water is all that is required. It is not sufiicieutly sensitive for the camera. 7. Compound Chromatypc Paper. Wash the paper with the solution No. 10, and dry it. After the paper has been exposed to the sun with the article to be copied superposed ttpon it, it is washed over in the dark with a solution of nitrate of silver of moderate strength. A vivid picture makes its appearance, which is sufficiently fixed by washing in pure water. For copying engravings, &c. Another method is to brush writing paper over with a solution of 1 dr. of sulphate of copper in 1 oz. of water; and when dry, with a strong but not saturated solution of bichromate of potash. 8. Cyanotypc Paper. Brush the paper over with a solution of aramonio-citrate of iron. Expose the paper in the usual way, then wash it over with a solution of ferrocyanide of potassium. 9. Crysotype Paper. Wash the paper with solution of aramonio-citrate of iron, dry it, and afterwards brush it over with a solution of ferrocyanide of potassium. Dry it in a dark room. The image is brought out by brushing it over with a neutral solution of gold or of silver. 10. Catalisotype. Steep paper in water with a drop or two of hydrochloric acid, absorb the superfluous moisture with blotting-paper; brush over with a mixture of i dr. syrup of iodide of iron, 2^ dr. of water, and a drop or two of tincture of iodine. Dry with blotting-paper, and brush over with a solution of 12 gr. of nitrate of silver to 1 oz. of distilled water. It is then ready for the camera. The picture is fixed by washing in water and afterwards MISCELLANEOUS PEEPAEATIONS. 371 in a solution of bromide of potassium (20 grains to 1 ounce). 11. Paper for Positive Photographs. Most of tlie preceding give negative pictures, the lights and shadows being reversed : in the following they are correct. Wash highly-glazed paper with the solution No. 8, dry it, and brush it over with the following solution : — Dissolve 120 grains of crystallized nitrate of silver in 1§ oz. of dis- tilled water; and add 1^ oz. of alcohol; after it has stood a few hours, filter it. Expose the paper thus washed to the sunshine till it is darkened; if mottled, wash it a second time, and expose it again. To use this paper, wash it over with the solution No. 11, expose it in the damp state, with the engraving or other object on it to the light, and fix the drawing by washing with water only. [To copy objects, lay them on a plate of clear glass fixed in a frame, place the prepared paper over them, and fix a back with a cushion attached to it so as to press the paper closely on the glass. The glass is then exposed to the light, and the drawing afterwards fixed, as described above. For feathers, lace-work, and other objects which freely admit light through them, the nitrated paper and less sensitive miiriated papers may be used. For copying engravings, leaves and other botanical objects, or entomological specimens, the more sensitive muriated papers, or the bromide paper, or other sensitive kinds, may be used. Engravings should be wetted and placed with their face to the prepared side of the paper, and kept in close contact with it. Leaves should have their under surface next the glass. For the camera the most sensitive samples of the muriated papers, made with not less than 100 grains of the nitrate of silver to the ounce, are selected. The calotype is still more certain. The papers intended for the camera re- quire to be very carefully prepared. Glass is used instead of paper, after being coated with white of egg, or col- lodion, with which the compounds of silver are mixed, or over which they are brushed. Pigments. A few of these have been noticed before; see Indigo, Lakes, Prussian Blue, Purple of Cassius. 372 TRADE CHEMICALS. They generally constitute a distinct branch of manufac- ture, but a brief account of the composition of some of them may be useful. Tliose of which tlie colouring matter is derived from the animal and vegetable king dom will first be noticed ; then the mineral colours. Cai-viiiie. Several processes have been published for this beautiful pigment, but probably some minute pre- cautions, not generally known, may be necessary to the l>roduction of the finest quality. The climate and state of the atmosphere are said to influence the result. 1. il/afiJnme CENETTE’sproc6'.w. Into six pails of boiling clear, soft water, in a copper vessel, throw 2 lb of pow- dered cochineal of good quality; boil for two hours, add 3 oz. of purified nitre, and after a few minutes, 4 oz. of salt of sorrel. Remove the vessel from the fire, let the contents settle for 4- hours, draw off the clear liquor with a syphon into flat plates, and leave it at rest for .3 weeks. Carefully detach the pellicle of mould from the surface, withdraw the liquid with a syphon and pipette, and dry the deposit in a stove. 2. Boil 4 quarts of soft water in a pewter kettle, add to it 4 oz. of finely-powdered cochineal ; boil for 5 minutes, adding 2 dr. of powdered cream of tartar; then add 8 scniples of Roman alum, and keep the whole on the fire- for a minute longer. Let the decoction settle, decant it into cylindrical glasses, and cover them. When the carmine has subsided, pour off the clear liquor, and dry the sediment. By adding solution of tin to the liquid, more carmine is obtained. 3. Into a 14-gallon boiler of tinned copper put 10 gallons of distilled water, or filtered rain water; when it boils, sprinkle in, by small quantities, 1 lb of powdered cochineal, and keep it boiling for half an hour. Then add 3i oz. of crystallized carbonate of soda ; in a minute or two, draw the fire, and add oz. of Roman alum in fine powder; stir with a glass rod till the alum is dis- solved, leave it to settle for 2.') minutes, draw off the liquor with a glass syphon, and strain the rest through a coarse linen cloth. Clean the boiler, return into it the clear coloured liquor, and stir into it the whites of 2 eggs. MISCELLANEOUS PEEPAEATIONS. 373 previously well beaten with a quart of warm (not hot) water. Then light the fire, and heat the liquor till it begins to boil ; separate the coagulum by filtration, wash it on the filter with distilled water, spread it thinly on earthen plates, and dry it in a stove. Inferior carmine may be improved by dissolving it in water of ammonia, and precipitating it by acetic acid and alcohol. Cochineal Lake. Add 2 Ih of pearlash to the red licjuor from which the carmine has been prepared in the last process, and return it to the boiler with the dregs of the cocliineal ; boil for half an hour, draw the fire, and when the sediment has subsided, draw off the clear liquor into an earthen vessel. Pour on the sediment a solution of 1 fb of pearlash in 2 gallons of water, and boil for half an hour. Filter, and return both liquors into the copper. When as hot as the hand can bear, add to the liquor, by little and little, 3 Ib of powdered Roman alum, and let it simmer for 5 minutes. Allow it to settle, draw oft’ the clear liquor, collect the sediment on a filter, wash it with clean rain water, and leave it covered with a cloth for a few days, till half dry ; form it into small lumps, and dry them in a stove. Carlhamine, or Safflower Lake. Wash safflower till the water comes off colourless ; mix it with water, holding 15 per cent, of carbonate of soda in solution, so as to form a thick paste; leave it for several hours, then press out the red liquid, and nearly neutralize it with acetic acid. Then put cotton into it, and add successive small portions of acetic acid, so ns to prevent the liquid becoming alkaline. In 24 hours take out the cotton, wash it, and digest it for half an hour in water holding 5 per cent, of crystallized carbonate of soda in solution. Immediately on removing the cotton, supersaturate the liquid with citric acid, and collect the precipitate, which must be repeatedly washed in cold water. For pink saucers the liquid is allowed to deposit in the saucers. Mixed with the scrapings of French chalk it constitutes rouge. Lakes are also obtained from Brazil-wood and madder, K K 374 TRADE CHEMICALS. by adding alum to a concentrated decoction of the former, or to a cold infusion of the latter (made by triturating the madder, enclosed in a bag, with the water), and afterwards suflFicient subcarbonate of potash or soda to throw down the alumina in combination with the colouring matter. Tlie precipitate is to be washed and dried. A little solution of tin added witli the alum improves the colour. Lakes may be obtained from most vegetable colouring matters by means of alum and an alkaline carbonate. Yellow Lake is made from French or Persian berries, by boiling them in water, with a little soda or potash, and adding alum to the strained liquor as long as a precipitate is thrown down. Or by boiling weld, or quercitron bark, in water, and adding alum and chalk in a pasty state. Rose Pink. Boil G ft) of Brazil-wood and 2 It of peach- wood in w'ater, with ^ lb of alum ; and pour the strained decoction on 20 ft) of sifted whiting. Bistre. It is obtained from the soot of beech-wood. Sap Green. The expressed juice of buckthorn berries (find sometimes of other species of rhamuus, and also of privet berries) is allowed to settle, and the clear liquid evaporated to dryness. A little gum-arabic is sometimes added to the juice. Mineral Pigments. Aznre Blue, or Smalts. The common is made by fusing zaffre (roasted cobalt ore calcined with siliceous sand) with potash. A finer quality is obtained by precipitating a solution of sulphate of cobalt by a so- lution of silicate of potash. Another cobalt blue is ob- tained by adding a solution of phosphate of soda to a solution of nitrate of cobalt, and mixing the precipitate, washed, but not dried, with eight times its weight of fresh hydrated alumina. When dry, heat it to a cherry red. .Sigyptian Azure. Carbonate of soda IG oz., calcined flints 24 oz., copper filings 4 oz. Pulverize, mix, and fuse in a crucible for two hours. When cold reduce to powder. Blue Verditer. It is generally stated to be made by adding chalk to a solution of nitrate of copper produced MISCELI/ANEOtrS PEEPAEATIOBTS. 375 in tlie process of refining silrer: but Mr. Phillips did not succeed in making it by this means, and found no lime in the best samples. New Blue. Mix equal parts of common arseniate of copper (see Mineral Green, below), and neutral arseniate of potash, fuse by heat in a large crucible, then add to the fused salt ^th of its weight of nitre. Efiervescence takes place, and the salt becomes blue. Cool, pulverize, and wash. Chrome Telloiv. To a solution of bichromate of potash add a solution of nitrate of lend as long as a precipitate forms. Wash the precipitate, and dry it with a gentle heat. An inferior kind is said to be made by 4 Hj of pure white lead, I lb of bichromate of potash, and 20 lb of water, and boiling till the water becomes colourless. Chrome Red. Melt saltpetre in a crucible heated to dull redness, and add chrome yellow, by small portions, till no more red fumes arise. Allow the mixture to settle; then pour off the melted salt from the heavy sediment, and wash the latter with water, which should be quickly poured off, and dry the pigment. The liquefied salt poured off contains chromate of potash, and is reserved for making chrome yellow. Orange Chrome is chrome yellow acted on by an alkali, which deprives it of part of the chromic acid. King’s Yellow. This is a yellow sulphuret of arsenic, now almost superseded by chrome yellow, but occasion- ally used for killing flies. Naples Yellow. Mix 12 parts of metallic antimony, 8 parts of red lead, and 4 of oxide of zinc, and calcine in a reverberatory furnace. The mixed oxides are rubbed together, fused, and the fused mass elutriated into a fine powder. — Dr. Uke. M. Guimel recommends 1 part of well washed antimoniate of potash to be ground into a paste with 2 parts of red lead, and the powder exposed to a red heat for 4 or 5 hours, keeping the heat mode- rate. Brighton Green. An inferior colour, made with 28 lb of whiting, or white lead, 7 lb sulphate of copper, 3 lb sugar of lead, and ^ oz. of bichromate of potash. 376 TliADE CHEMICALS. Brunswick Green. Pour a saturated solution of muriate of ammonia over copper filings in a close vessel placed in a warm situation; add more of iLe solution from time to time till three parts of the muii..te have been used to two of copper. After standing for a few weeks, the pigment is separated from the unoxiJized copper by washing through a sieve. It is then to be well washed, and dried slowly in the shade. It is often reduced with white lead; some samples contain arsenic. Arsenical Copper Greens. Of these there are several varieties. Mineral Green, Scheele’s Green, or Arsenite of Copper. I. Dissolve II oz. of white arsenic and 2 Ib of carbonate of potash, by heat, in a gallon of water. Dissolve also 2 It) of sulphate of copper in 3 gallons of water. Filter each solution separately, and add the former gradually to the latter as long as it occasions a precipitate. Wash the precipitate, drain it, and dry it. 2. Dissolve 50 Hi of sulphate of copper and 10 tb of lime in 20 gallons of good vinegar, and add quickly a boiling-hot solution of 50 tb of white arsenic. Stir re- peatedly, then allow it to settle ; decant the clear liquor (which is reserved to dissolve the arsenic next time), and wash the precipitate, and dry it. 3. Emerald Green. Mix 10 parts of pure verdigris with sufficient boiling water to form a soft pulp, and strain this through a sieve. Dissolve 9 or 10 parts of white arsenic in 100 parts of boiling water, and, whilst boiling, let the verdigris pulp be gradually added, con- stantly stirring the mixture till the precipitate becomes a heavy, granular powder. Green without Arsenic. Dissolve 48 lb of sulphate of copper and 2 lb of bichromate of potash in water, and add to the clear solution 2 lb of pearlash and 1 lb of chalk. Chrome Green. A mixture of chrome yellow and Prussian blue. [See also Chrome Oxide, p. 309. J Barth's Green. A mixture of Prussian blue and yellow lake. Ultramarine, Factitious. Take 70 parts of silica, or pure MISCELLANEOUS PEEPAEATION8. 377 siliceous sand, in fine powder ; 240 parts of recrystalHzed alum, calcined; 144 parts of snlpbur; 48 parts of finely powdered cbai'coal ; 240 parts of di'y carbonate of soda. These are mixed together with the greatest care till the mixture appears of uniform colour under a powerful magnifier, and the mixture exposed to a moderate red beat in a closely covered crucible for an hour and a half. Wash the product with boiling water. Mix the powder with its own weight of sulphur and 1| its weight of dried soda, and burn as before ; heat it again with sulphur and soda, and wash it till the filtered fluid no longer colours acetate of lead. If a sample of the dried powder becomes blue when burnt with sulphur, it is ready for the last operation. Spread over a cast-iron plate a layer of sulphur a line in thickness, and over it an equal layer of the dried powder after having passed it through a gauze sieve. Heal the plate so as to burn away the sulphur at the lowest possible temperatrrre. Eeduce the pigment to powder and repeat the burning with sulphur and pulveriza- tion till the colour is perfect. White Lead is carbonate of lend, prepared by various processes. Zinc IVkite is oxide of zinc, prepared by combustion. Antimonj/ White is oxide of antimony. Plates, D.iGUEBREOTYPE, are prepared by cleaning arrd polishing the silver surface, exposing it to the vapour of dry iodirre or tincture of iodine, or iodide of bromirre, or bromide of lime. After having the image thrown on them, they are exposed to the vapour of mercury. But the marripulations and precautiorrs necessary to the suc- cess of the operation are too numerous to detail here. Plate-boiling Powdek. Equal parts of cream of tartar, alum, and common salt. A small quantity added to the water in which plate is boiled gives it a silvery white- ness. Plate Powders. 1. JetveUers' Rouye. Dissolve green vitriol in hot water, and add a solution of pearlash as long as it throws down a precipitate. Wash the pre- cipitate repeatedly with warm water, drain it on calico, and finally calcine it till it assumes a bright colour. It is sometimes made by calcining the sulphate of iron with K K 2 378 TUADE CHEMICALS. n strong heat till oxide of iron only remains. Let it be tiitiirated with water, and prepared in the same way as prepared chalk. See Polishing Powder, below, 2. French Plate Powder. Mix 1 part of jewellers’ rouge with 12 of carbonate of magnesia. 3. Finely prepared chalk, or burnt hartshorn. One way in which these are used is to boil them with water, >'ith pieces of rag; the finer particles are entangled in the fibres of the rags, which are dried and kept for use. 4. Quicksilver with chalk 1 oz., prepared hartshorn 8 oz., prepared chalk 4 oz. Powders containing quick- silver, besides the necessary wearing of the surface, are supposed to render the plate more brittle. If used it should not be in larger proportion than the above. h. Finest putty powder 1 oz., levigated chalk 5 oz.; a little rouge may be added to colour it. See Novargent, Silvering Powder, &c., for re- storing the silver to plated goods. Platina, Black (Oxiphorous). Dissolve protochloride of platina in a boiling solution of potash, add alcohol in small portions till all effervescence ceases. Boil the black precipitate successively with alcohol, muriatic acid, and potash, and finally 4 or 5 times with water. Platina, Chlorides of. Dissolve platina in nitro-muri- atic acid, and evaporate with a gentle heat to dryness. Tlie red bichloride remains. Heated to 450° the proto- chloride remains. Platina Sponge. Dissolve separately in rectified spirit chloride of platinum and sal ammoniac. Mix the solu- tions, and heat the precipitate to redness. For balls for hydrogen lamjis, form the precipitate into balls while moist, and afterwards bum them. Platinated Asbestos. Dip asbestos in a solution of chloride of platinum, and beat it to redness. It causes the inflammation of hydrogen in the same manner as sponge platina.— Dr. Hare. Platinized Silver. Silver plates for Smee’s voltaic bat- tery are covered with pulverulent platina by adding a little bichloride of platinum to acid water, and decom- posing the solution by the use of a platinum terminal in connexion with the copper of a battery, the silver plate to MISCELLANEOUS PEEPAEATIONS. 379 be platinized being in connexion with the zinc. Platinum itself is sometimes platinized in the same way. Some- times the plates are platinized w’ithout the battery. Ihe following solution is used by Dr. Weight for the plates of his battery : Saturated solution of chloride of platina ^ drachm, sulphuric acid Ij drachm, water 2 drachms. Dip the plates in it for a few seconds, and wash them quickly. Poison. See Beetle Wafeh, Bug Poisons, and Bat Poison. Polish. See Feench Polish. Polish foe Boots, &c. See Blacking. Polishing Powdee foe Specula. Loed Ross. Precipi- tate a dilute solution of sulphate of iron by ammonia in excess ; wash the precipitate, press it in a screw press till nearly dry ; then expose it to heat until it appears of a dull red colour in the dark. Pot Poueui. See Peefumeey. Potash, Caebonate of. Salt of Tartar. Mix 10 parts of pearlash with 0 of water; let them stand in a cool place for 24 hours, stirring them frequently : filter, concentrate the solution by a gentle heat, stirring constantly ; remove from the fire as soon as the liquor begins to appear opaque, and continue the stirring until cold. To procure it purer redissolve it in an equal weight of distilled water, filter, and evaporate to dryness. It is free from sulphate of potash, but contains IT per cent, of chloride of potassium. Potash, Chloeate. See Chloeate of Potash. Pounce. Powdered gum juniper is used under this name for preparing parchment for writing on. For liquid pounce, see Ink, Maeking. Poudee Claeifiante. Beat together the whites and yolks of eggs, dry them with a very gentle heat, and reduce to powder. For clarifying wines and syrups. PowDEES. See Tooth Powdees, and Haiu Powdees, un- der Cos.METics; Scent Powdees, under Peefumeey, &c. Peeseevative Liquids. See Anatomical Subjects, and Animal Substances, to Peeserve. Peussiate of Potash (Yellow). Whatis known in com- merce by this name is the ferro-prussiate of potash, or ferrocyanide of potassium. It is prepared by fusing in an egg-shaped iron pot a mixture of 2 parts of pearlash. 380 TliADE CHEMICALS. and 5 parts of dry animal matters such as boms, hoofs, tallow-chandlers’ greaves, &c., till fetid vapours cease to be produced. Iron filings are sometimes added, but usually the iron necessary to the formation of this salt is derived from the iron pots and stirrers. The fused mass (j)russiate cake) is allowed to cool, dissolved in warm water, and the clear filtered or decanted solution eva- porated, that crystals may form. These are dissolved in hot water, and the solution allowed to cool very slowly, that large crystals may form. Eed PiiussiATE OE PoTASH. Ferrid cyauide of Potassium. Into a dilute solution of the above priissiate of potash a current of chlorine gas is passed, till the solution ceases to give a blue precipitate with persalts of iron. It is then evaporated, crystallized, and recrystallized till quite pure. [M. PossELT advises to add a few drops of solu- tion of potash to the boiling liquor, to decompose the green matter that is formed; to filter the hot solution, to separate some peroxide of iron which is thrown down, and to let the liquor cool very slowly.] Or boil yellow prussiate of potash with 12 or 15 parts of water, and while boiling add good chloride of lime until a filtered sample no longer yields a blue precipitate with persalts of iron. Filter quickly, and add carbonate of potash till the liquid has a faintly alkaline reaction, then evaporate for crystallization. — Chemist, vol. viii. PiiussiAN Blue. Percyaiiide-ferrocyanide, or ferro-priis- shite of iron. Commercial Prussian blue is made by adding to a solution of prussiate of potash, or of prussiate cake, a solution of 2 parts of alum and 1 of sulphate of iron, w'ashing the precipitate repeatedly with water, to which a little muriatic acid has been added, and exposing it to the air till it assumes a deep blue colour. A purer kind is made by adding a solution of persulphate or per- chloride of iron to a solution of pure ferro-prussiate of potash. Turnbull’s Prussian blue (feirid-cyanide of iron) is made by adding a solution of red prussiate of potash to one of proto-sulphate of iron ; or by adding proto-sulphate of iron to a mixture of yellow' prussiate of potash, chloride of soda, and hydrochloric acid. MISCELLANEOUS PEEPAEATIONS. 381 Soluble Prussian Blue. Add a solution of proto-sul- ])linte of iron to a solution of prussiaie of potash, and expose the precipitate to the air till it becomes blue, and wash it till the soluble salts are washed away. By con- tinuing the washing, the blue itself dissolves, forming a deep blue solution, which may be evaporated without de- composition. Or add a solution of persulphate of iion to a solution of ferro prussiate of potash, keeping the latter in excess ; wash the precipitate until it begins to dissolve, and dry it. See Ink, IIeade s patent Blue, for another method. Purple of Cassius. See Aurum Stanno-paratum, Pocket Formulary. Many other processes have been proposed, of which the following is one Dissolve 3 gr. of gold in aqua regia, avoiding excess, and dilute with 3 oz. of water. Mix 30 gr. of pink salt (the bichloride of tin with sal-ammoniac) with 3J gr. of tin filings and 2 dr. of water till the tin is almost entirely dissolved ; add 7 dr. of water, and add this solution to the gold solution, slightly warmed. Wash the precipitate, and dry it. Pyroligneous Acid, ) By the destructive distillation Pyboxylic Spirit, > of dried wood, chiefly that of Pyroacetic Spirit, &c. ) the beech or birch,^ in iron cylinders, an acid liquor and tar are produced. Ihese are received in proper reservoirs, and are afterwards separated. The tar is subjected to distillation, and yields oil oj tar (containing creasote,eupione, &c.), and leaves a residuum of pitch, or English asphalt. The acid liquor, separated from the tarry deposit, is also distilled : the first portion which comes over contains the pyroxylic spirit, which is rectified by one or more distillations. It may be further pnirified by distilling it with dried muriate of lime, and finally with quicklime. This constitutes one of the articles sold under the name of naphtha, and is regarded by chemists as an hydrated oxide of methule. After the pyroxvlic spirit has come over, the crude pyroligneous acid d'istils, which still holds some tar and empyreumatic oil in solution. It is purified by saturating it eitlier directly with common soda, or first with lime, or rather chalk, and when the neutral solution has become clear, 382 TEADE CHEMICALS. evaporating it to 1-114 sp. gr., and adding sufficient satu- rated solution of sulphate of soda to decompose the im- pure acetate of lime. The clear solution obtained by either process is then evaporated, that the acetate of soda may crystallize. This is afterwards roasted at a tempera- ture of about 500° Fahrenheit, to destroy the tar, again ( issolved and crptallized. The purified acetate is then distilled with sulphuric acid, to obtain a purer pyroligneous or acetic acid. See Acidum Aceticum, P. F. For some manufacturing purposes, an impure acid is obtained by merely saturating the crude pyroligneous acid witli lime evaporating to dryness, and distilling with sulphuric acid’ If acetate of lime or acetate of lead be distilled without addition, and the liquid which comes over be rectified over lime, pijroacetic spirit is obtained: this is also termed acetone. Pykophobus. This name is given to several compounds, prepared by calcination, which take fire when exposed to the air, especially wlien breathed upon. The followimr are perhaps some of the best ; — ° 1. Heat tartrate of lead in a tube of hard glass, and securely close the tube before the charred residuum be- comes cold. A little poured out and breathed upon takes fire The tartrate of lead is made by dissolving separately 2 clr. of tartaric acid and o dr. of crystallized acetate of lead in sufficient water, mixing the solutions, and col- ashing, and drying the precipitate, 2. Calcine tartar-emetic in a similar manner, or in a closed crucible. 3. Mix 11 parts of lamp-black with 2 of powdered sulphate of potash, and heat the mixture strongly in a closely-covered crucible. The product is so combustible that It can scarcely be transferred to a bottle without danger. 4. Mix 3 parts of powdered alum with 1 of flour and calcine the mixture in a common phial, coated with clay or placed in sand, till it ceases to emit a blue flame. Ifefore it is cold, close it securely with a sound cork or glass stopper. 0. Mix neutral chromate of lead with l-6th its weight MISCELLANEOUS PBEPABATIONS. 383 sulphur ; triturate them with water sufficient to form a paste, and make it into pellets ; dry these perfectly, then heat them in a tube till the sulphur is all driven off, and secure as the last. Eat axd Mice Poisons. [Such as contain arsenic are placed first, and afterwards several compounds which have been introduced as substitutes for that mineral, which has proved so destructive of human life. If arsenic must be employed, it should be sold mixed with substances which would prevent its being taken by mistake, or ensure de- tection if designedly administered.] Arsenical Paste (authorized by the Government of France.) Melt 2 lb of suet in an earthen vessel over a slow fire, and add 2 tb of wheat flour, 3 oz. of levigated white arsenic, 2§ dr. of lamp-black, 15 drops of oil of aniseed. It may be used alone, or mixed with bread crumbs, &c. [For destroying rats and mice.] 2. For barn floors. Mix a pint of good flour with as much yellow arsenic as will lie on a shilling ; put this in a small heap on the floor,* and over this put another pint of good flour nnmixed. Draw a track up to the heap with a feather dipped in oil of aniseed and oil of caraw'aj’s, and sprinkle this over with a little flour.* 3. Mix a quart of the best oatmeal, 2 oz. of powdered loaf sugar, G drops each of the oils of rhodium, caraway, and aniseed, and 4- of musk. Mix them very per- fectly without touching the mixture with the hands. Place in a retired place C or 8 pieces of clean board, and on each two tablespoonfuls of the powder, for a few suc- cessive nights, without disturbing the rats. About the sixth night, if they are found to eat freely, mix a tea- spoonful of white arsenic with the powder. What remains in the morning should be burnt, avoiding the fumes. — The Chemist, vol. vi. ■4. White arsenic 2 oz., carbonate of barytes 2 oz., white sugar 3^ oz., rose pink oz., oil of aniseed and oil of rhodium, of each 5 drops. * The following is an old rat-catcher’s receipt for oils to attract rats : — Two dr. of oil of aniseed, 2 drops of nitrous acid, and 2 gr. of mu.sk. Oil of rhodium is also supposed to he very attractive to these vermin. Assafoetida with these oils is also used. 384 TRADE CHEMICALS. T). Malt flour 1 H>, oil of rhodium 3 drops, sugar 2 oz., 8 cloves, a tablespoonful of caraway seeds, all beaten in a mortar. Lay it in small parcels where they frequent, for 3 or A nights, till they eat it freely, then add some arsenic di.ssolved in spirit of salts. — M.4Yer. 0. Ointment for Rats in Ricks. Mix together 1 ft of fresh butter, free from salt, l^- oz. of calomel, 8 oz. of crumbs of white bread, 2 oz. of sugar, and 5 drops each of oil of nutmeg and rhodium, and 2 drops of oil of aniseed. To use it, make a hole with the arm under the ridge; into this hole insert a stick, and on the middle of it, where it does not touch the rick, put a lump of the ointment. For Traps. Put the same, with 2 or 3 drops of oil of thyme. 7. Hampshire Millers' Rat Powder. Mix 1 oz. of nux vomica in powder with a pound of fresh oatmeal, and add a few drops of oil of rhodium, or what answers better, oil of aniseed with musk. 8. Philanthrope Mnophohon. A French preparation so called consists of 1 part of emetic-tartar to A of farina- ceous and other ingredients. 9. Put into a flask 2 dr. of phosphorus and 5 or 6 oz. of water, put the flask in warm water (about 150° Fah- renheit) till the phosphorus is liquefied; pour the con- tents into a mortar, and immediately add 5 or 6 oz. of rye-meal ; when cool, add the same quantity of melted fresh butter, and A oz. of sugar. 10. Another form of the phosphorus compound is — Melt I lb of lard in a bottle plunged in water, and heated to 150° Fahrenheit. Introduce into it ^ oz. of phosphorus, and add a pint of proof spirit. Cork the bottle securely after its contents have been heated to 140° to 150°, and taking it out of the water-bath, agitate it briskly till the phosphorus is uniformly diffused ; repeat the agitation occasionally as it cools, and when cold, pour off the spirit which has separated (which may be reserved for the same purpose), and incorporate with the fatty compound wheat flour and sugar. Oil of rhodium or aniseed may be added. Place little lumps of this in the rat-holes, and set some water near for them to drink. MISCELLANEOUS PEEPARATIONS. 385 11. Valentia almonds 1 oz., treacle 2 oz., carbonate of barytes 1 oz., oil of aniseed 5 drops, flour enough to form a paste. 12. Powdered squill ^ oz., strong cheese 2 oz. Mix, and form into balls. For Mice. Rennet. The stomach of a calf, washed, salted, and dried. Rennet Liquid. Essence of Rennet. Fresh rennet 12 oz., salt 2 oz., proof spirit 2 oz., white wine a quart; digest for 24 hours, and strain. A quart of milk re- quires 2 or 3 teaspoonfuls. Wislin directs, 10 ports of a calfs stomach, salt 3 parts. The membrane of the stomach is to be cut with scissors, and kneaded with the salt, and the rennet found in the interior of that organ the whole left in a cool place in an earthen pot till the cheesy odour is replaced by the proper odour of rennet, which will be in 1 or 2 months. Then add 1C parts of water and 1 of spirit. Filter, and colour with burnt sugar. Rust, to Prevent and Remove. Steel goods are rubbed over with a mixture of lime and oil, to preserve them from rusting. Mercurial ointment has been recom- mended for the same purpose. M. Payen recommends plunging the articles into a solution of common soda. Spots of rust are removed by rubbing them with fine emery and sweet oil. As a chemical means of removing them, the ammoniacal chloride of zinc may be found use- ful. See Zinc. Saxon Blue. See Chemic Blue. The solution of indigo in sulphuric acid, diluted with twice its weight of water, is so termed. Scouring Drops, for Removing Grease. 1. Alcohol (pure) G oz., camphor 2 oz., rectified essence of lemon 8 oz. 2. Camphine 3 oz., essence of lemon, 1 oz. ; mix. Some direct them to be distilled together. 3. French. Camphine 8 oz., pure alcohol 1 oz., sul- phuric ether 1 oz., essence of lemon 1 drachm. 4. Spirit of wine a pint, white soap 3 oz., ox-gall 3 oz.. essence of lemon ^ oz. Sealing-wax. 1. Blue. Shell -lac 2 parts, dammar rosin L L 386 TEADE CHEMICALS. 2 parts, Burgundy pitch 1 part, Venice turpentine 1 part, artificial ultramarine 3 parts. 2. L'hjIiI Blue. As the last, with 1 part of dry sul- phate of lead. 3. Dark Blue. Venice turpentine, 3 oz., finest shell- lac 7 oz., clear amber or black resin I oz., Prussian blue 1 oz., carbonate of magnesia dr. The last two to be made into a stiff paste with oil of turpentine, and added to the melted shell-lac and Venice turpentine. Black. 1. Venice turpentine 4^ oz., shell-lac 9 oz., colophony ^ oz., lamp-black mixed to a paste with oil of turpentine q. s. 2. Inferior. Venice turpentine 4 oz., shell-lac 8 oz., 3 oz. of colophony, and sufficient lamp-black mixed with oil of turpentine to colour it. 3. Shell lac 8 oz., Venice turpentine 4 oz., lamp black 0 oz. 4. Common, for bottles. Eosin 6 oz., shell-lac 2 oz., Venice tuipentine 2 oz., lamp-black q. s. Brown. 1. Lifjht Broicn. Venice turpentine 4 oz., shell-lac 7i oz., brown earth (English umber?) ^ oz., cinnabar ^ oz., prepared chalk ^ oz., carbonate of mag- nesia moistened with oil of turpentine 1^ drachm. 2. Light Brown — Second quality. Venice turpentine 4 oz., shell-lac 7 oz., rosin 3 oz., English umber 3 oz., cinnabar ^ oz., prepared chalk 1 oz., magnesia as the last. 3. Dark Brottm. Venice turpentine 4 oz., fine shell- lac 7^ oz., English umber oz., magnesia as before. 4. Dark Brown — Second quality. Venice turpentine 4 oz., shell-lac 7 oz., colophony 3 oz., English umber 1^ oz., magnesia as before. Green. Venice turpentine 2 oz., shell-lac 4 oz., colo- phony 1^ oz.. King’s yellow ^ oz., Prussian blue J oz., magnesia as for brown. Gold. 1. Venice turpentine 4 oz., fine shell-lac 8 oz., leaf-gold 14 sheets, bronze powder 4 oz., magnesia (made into a paste with oil of turpentine) I4 drachm. 2. Use gold talc instead of gold leaf and bronze. — Gray. MISCELLANEOUS PEEPAEATIONS. 387 Marhled. Melt each coloured wax separately, and just as they begin to grow solid, mix together. — Gray. Red. 1. Fine Carmine TFax. Venice turpentine 2 oz., finest shell-lac 4 oz., colophony 1 oz., Chinese vermilion oz., magnesia (moistened with oil of turpentine) 1,^ dr. Finest Red. Venice turpentine 4 oz., shell-lac 7 oz., cinnabar 4 oz., carbonate of magnesia (with oil of turpen- tine) drachm. 3. As the last, with only 3^ oz. of cinnabar. 4. Venice turpentine 4 oz., shell-lac 0^ oz., colophony ^ oz., cinnabar 2^ oz., magnesia (with oil of turpentine) drachm. 5. Venice turpentine 4 oz., shell-lac 0 oz , colophony 2 oz., cinnabar 1| oz., magnesia as before. 0. As last, but use colophony and cinnabar each If oz. 7. Venice turpentine 4 oz., shell-lac 5^ oz., colophony If oz., cinnabar If oz., magnesia as before. 8. English. Venice turpentine 2 oz,, shell-lac 4 oz., vermilion 1 oz. 9. Spanish. Venice turpentine 8 oz., shell-lac 2 oz., colophony 4 oz., vermilion 1 oz. Remove from the fire, and add f oz. rectified spirit. Yelloio. Venice turpentine 2 oz., shell-lac 4 oz., colo- phony If oz.. King’s yellow | oz., magnesia as before. Perfumed Wax. Add to any of the above a small quantity of fine benzoin. Common Bottle Wax, 1. Dark rosin 18 oz., shell-lac 1 oz., bees’-wax 1 oz. Melt together, and colour with red lead, Venetian red, or lamp-black. 2. Rosin 19 oz., bees’-wax 1 oz.; colour as before. SiiELL-r.AC, to bleach. See Lac, page 3o0. Silvering Powder &c. for silvering copper, covering the worn parts of plated goods, &c. 1. Nitrate of silver 30 gr., common salt 30 gr., cream of tartar 3f dr. Mix. Moistened with water and rubbed on dial plates or other copper articles, it coats them with silver. 2. Silver precipitated from its nitric solution by copper 20 gr., alum 30 gr., cream of tartar 2 dr., salt 2 drachms. 3. Precipitated silver f oz., common salt 2 oz., muriate 388 TBADE CHEMICALS. of ammonia 2 oz., corrosive sublimate 1 dr.; make it into a paste with water. Copper utensils are previously boiled with tartar and alum, and rubbed with this paste, then made red-hot, and afterwards polished. 4. Dissolve muriate of silver in a solution of hypo- sulphite of soda, and mix this with prepared hartshorn or other suitable powder. For SiLVEKiNG Glass, see Glass. SiLVEB, TO PUKIFY AND DEDUCE. Silver, as used in the arts and coinage, is alloyed with a portion of copper. To purify it, dissolve the metal in nitric acid slightly diluted, and add common salt, which throws down the whole of the silver in the form of chloride. To reduce it into a metallic state several methods are used: — 1. The chloride must be repeatedly washed with distilled water, and placed in a zinc cup; a little diluted sulphuric acid being added, ; the chloride is soon reduced. The silver when thoroughly washed is quite pure. In the absence of a zinc cup, a porcelain cup containing a zinc plate may be used. The processes expedited by warming the cup. 2. Digest the washed chloride with pure copper and ammonia. The quantity of ammonia need not be sufficient to dissolve the chloride. Leave the mixture for a day, then wash the silver thoroughly. — Hornung. ' 3. Boil the washed and moist chloride in solution of pure potash, adding a little sugar: when washed it is quite pure. Size. Oil size is made by grinding yellow ochre or burnt red ochre with boiled linseed oil, and thinning it with oil of turpentine. Water size (for burnished gilding) is parchment size ground with yellow ochre. Smalts. See Pigments. Soap. For Perfumed and Toilet Soaps, see page 208. For the manufacture of soaps generally see Dr. Ube’s Dictionary of the Arts, and other similar works. Hard soaps are made by boiling oils or fats with a ley of caustic soda. Soft soaps consist of oil and potash ; and as they do not separate from the ley like the hard soaps, they generally contain an excess of caustic alkali. Silica soap has silicate of soda incorporated with it. Soap is adul- MISCELLANEOUS PEEPAEATIONS. 389 terated by earthy matters, as pipe-clay, &c.; these and other impurities remain when soap is dissolved in alcohol. Soda. For its medical and pharmaceutical compounds, see Pocket Formulary. Soda, Hyposulphite of. Dissolve 1 Hi of crystallized carbonate of soda in a quart of boiling water. Slake ^ Mi of lime in another quart of water. Mix the solutions, let them stand in a covered vessel until cold, pour off the clear liquid, and boil it wuth more sulphur than it will dissolve. Pour off the clear solution into a deep vessel, and pass sulphurous acid gass through it until it becomes nearly colourless. While still a little yellow, filter, and evaporate it quickly in an earthen vessel to a syrup consistence. Shake this with half its bulk of rectified spirit, and allow the lower layer to crystallize under the alcoholic solution which floats on it. It must be kept from the air and light. Solvents fob Indian Edbber. JEther for this purpose should be agitated with water, and decanted. Benzole will dissolve caoutchouc with warmth and long digestion. Reclified coal naphtha forms an imperfect solution employed in Mackintosh’s water-proof fabrics. Oil of turpentine, rendered pyrogenous by absorbing it with bricks or porous ware, and distilling it without water, and treating the product in the same way, is also used for this purpose. It is stated that the solution on evaporation does not leave the caoutchouc in a sticky state. Another method is to agitate oil of turpentine repeatedly with a mixture of equal weights of sulphuric acid and water; and afterwards expose it to the sun for some time. Bisid- phnret of carhon is a good solvent, dissolving the gum without heat. This constitutes Pabkes’s Patent Solvent. Chloroform is an excellent but rather expensive solvent. Caontchoncine has also been employed as a solvent. It is prepared by distilling Indian rubber without addition, increasing the heat to 000° Fahr. The product is rectified by distilling it with one-third of water. It is then a colourless fluid of -080 specific gravity. Its smell is im- proved by agitating it with 5 oz. of nitro-muriatic acid to L L 2 390 TEADE CHEMICALS. each gallon. Indian rubber is rendered more readily soluble by first digesting it with a solution of carbonate of soda, or water of ammonia. Solvents for Gutta Percha. Benzole readily dissolves it. So do chloroform and bisulphuret of carbon. Solvent for Old Putty and Paint. Soft soap mixed with solution of potash or caustic soda; or pearlash and slaked lime mixed with sufficient water to form a paste. Kither of these laid on with an old brush or rag, and left lor some hours, will render easily removable. Soluble Glass. See Glass. Solutions used in Electrotype Manipulations, &c. 1. Acid Solution of Copper for the Decomposing Cell, Saturated solution of sulphate of copper 2 parts, sulphuric acid 2 parts, water 6 or 8 parts. 2. Gold Solution. Dissolve 2 oz. of cyanide of potas- sium (by Liebig’s method) in a pint of warm distilled water, add ^ oz. of oxide of gold, and agitate together. <3. Silver Solution. Dissolve 2 oz. of Liebig’s cyanide of potassium in a pint of distilled water; add J oz. of moist oxide of silver (precipitated by lime-water from a solution of the crystallized nitrate), and agitate together till the oxide is dissolved. 4. Solution in which Steel Articles are dipped before FAeclroplnting them. Nitrate of silver 1 part, nitrate of mercury 1 part, nitric acid (sp. gr. 1-384) 4 parts, water 120 parts. T). Solution, or Pickle, for immersing Copper Articles in before Electroplating. Sulphuric acid 64 parts, water 04, nitric acid 32, muriatic acid 1. Mix. The article, free from grease, is dipped in the pickle for a second or two. Solution for Mullins’ Voltaic Battery. In contact with the Zinc: one part of sal ammoniac to 5 of water. In contact with the copper: a saturated solution of sulphate of copper. M. Bachoffner uses a saturated solution of common salt and a saturated solution of sul- phate of copper. Solution for Soldering. Dissolve zinc in muriatic acid to saturation, add pulverized sal ammoniac, and boil for MISCELLANEOUS PEEPAEATIONS. 391 a short time. Applied with a sponge or feather it facili- tates the flow of the solder. Solutions for the Water-bath. Various salts dis- solved in water materially raise the boiling point, and thus afford the means of obtaining a steady temperature at different degrees above 212°. The following are some of the most useful : — A saturated solution of nitrate of soda boils at 24(5 240 238 224 „ „ Rochelle salts . „ „ „ nitre .... „ „ „ muriate of soda . „ „ „ sulphate of magnesia „ Spirit of Nitric Ether. See P. F. It need only be added here, that its acidity is removed and prevented by rectifying it from neutral tartrate of potash. Sponge, Blanched. Soak the sponges for several days in cold water, renewing the water and squeezing the sponges occasionally. Then wash them in warm water, and place them in cold water to which a little muriatic acid has been added. Next day take them out and wash them thoroughly in soft water; then immerse them in aqueous sulphurous acid (sp. gr. 1-034) for a week. They are afterwards washed in plenty of water, squeezed, and allow'ed to dry in the air. For burnt, prepared, and waxed sponge, see Spongia, P. F. Stains, for Wood, Ivory, &c. See Ivory, to stain ; Wood, Stains for; Bookbinders’ Stains, &c. Stains, to remove. Stains of iodine are removed by rectified spirit. Ink stains by oxalic acid or superoxalate of potash. Iron moulds by the same; but if obstinate, it has been recommended to moisten them with ink, then remove them in the usual way. Grease Spots. See Scouring Drops. Red Spots on black cloth, from acids, are removed by spirits of hartshorn, or other solutions of ammonia. Stains of Marking Ink, or Nitrate of Silver, to remove. 1 . Wet the stain with fresh solution of chloride of lime, and after 10 or 15 minutes, if the marks have become white, dip the part in solution of ammonia or of hyposul- phite of soda. In a few minutes wash with clean water. 392 TBADE CHEMICALS. 2. Stretch the stained linen over a basin of hot water, wet the mark with tincture of iodine. 3. They may also be removed by cyanide of potassium; but this should be done by the druggist, and not entrusted to any one else. St.vrch. Starch is procured from various roots and seeds. Its varieties are numerous ; but a few of the most im- portant only can be noticed here. Arrow-root (West Indian). The faecula of the tubers of the Maranta arundinacea. The fresh tubers are washed and beaten to a pulp, which is well stirred in a large tub of cold clean water, and the fibrous part wrung out by the hands, and thrown away. The water in w’hich the faecula is suspended is passed through a hair sieve or coarse cloth, allowed to settle, and the water poured off. After being repeatedly washed, the wet starch is drained, and after- wards dried in the sun. [The other varieties of arrow- root (see page 259) are prepared by analogous processes from the roots which yield them.] Potato Starch. The tubers are washed and peeled usually by machinery, rasped by a revolving grater, and the pulp washed on hair sieves till freed from the starchy matter. Successive portions of the pulp are thus treated till the vessel over which the sieves are placed is suffi- ciently full. The starch held in suspension in water subsides to the bottom ; the water is then drawn off, and the starch stirred up with fresh water, and again allowed to subside. This is repeated several times till the starch is sufficiently pure. The fibres and the washing waters are used as manures. The washed fibres have also been recommended as an ingredient in bread for diabetic patients. Wheat Starch. Wheat flour is steeped in water for a week or two and allowed to ferment. The acid liquor is draw'n off, and the residue washed on a sieve: what passes through is allowed to settle, the sour liquor drawn off, and the starch thoroughly washed from the slimy matter. It is then drained in perforated boxes, cut up into square lumps, placed on bricks to absorb the moisture, and dried in a stove. See Dr. Pereira’s Elements. MISCELLANEOUS PEEPAEATIONS. 393 Various means are used to free tbe starch from gluten and other impurities. In the patent rice starch, and probably other kinds of starch, alkaline solutions are tised. Ammonia has been recommended, as it does not, like potash and soda, dissolve any portion of pure starch. The various kinds of faecula are distinguishable by the form of their particles or grains. By a microscopical examination of these the mixture or substitution of potato starch with the more expensive kinds is readily detected. Figures of the dilierent kinds of starch grains .are given in the Pharmaceutical Journal, vol. iv., in Dr. Pereira’s Elements, &c. M. Gobley has proposed to distinguish them by the coloration produced when the several kinds are exposed to the vapour of iodine ; but the effect seems to depend greatly on the relative dryness of the samples. Stearine, Stearic Acid. Fat is saponified, and the soap decomposed by an acid, with a large quantity of water, the mixture being kept warm aud well stirred. The water being drawn off, the fatty matter is well washed, allowed to cool, and submitted to strong pressure. Storm Glass. Take 2^ dr. of camphor, 38 gr. of nitre, and 38 gr. of sal ammoniac ; dissolve them in 9 dr. of water, and 6 dr. of rectified spirit, with a gentle heat. It is placed in a glass tube covered with a brass cap, with a small hole to admit air. Or it may be put in an eau de Cologne or other long bottle, tied over with bladder. Its various changes are supposed to indicate changes of weather, but the indications are not to be relied on. Stuffing Birds and Animals, Preparations for. 1. Camphor 1 oz., corrosive sublimate I oz., alum ^ oz., sul- phur loz.; all finely powdered and mixed. 2. Tanners’ bark dried and powdered 2 oz., burnt alum 1 oz., snuff 1 oz. ; mix, and add arsenic \ oz., camphor I oz., sulphur 1 dr. 3. Be’cceur’s Arsenical Soap. Camphor 5 dr., arsenic 4 oz., white soap 4 oz., carbonate of potash 12 oz., air- slaked lime 4 oz.; make a stiff paste with a little water. Stybol. Mix 20 parts of storax with 7 of carbonate of 394 TEADE CHEMICALS. soda, and put them into a retort with water, and apply heat. A limpid fluid distils, which becomes when heated to a certain point a transparent solid. Suo.\B Resin. Mix 1C parts of strong sulphuric acid with 8 of the strongest nitric acid ; when cooled to 70° Fahr. stir in 1 part of finely powdered sugar. In a few seconds, when the sugar has become pasty, take it out of the acid and plunge it into cold water. Add more sugar to the acid, and proceed as before. Wash the resinous matter carefully, and dissolve it in alcohol or ether. Evaporate the solution with a gentle heat. It is very combustible. Its solution may be used to render gunpowder, lucifer matches, &c., waterproof. Sulphite of Coppek. To a concentrated solution of bisulphite of potash, add a cold solution of sulphate of copper, filter, and heat it gently. Sulpho-cyanide of Ammonium. Saturate 2 parts of com- mon water of ammonia (sp. gr. -950) with sulphuretted hydrogen; and add 6 parts of the same ammonia. To this mixture add 2 parts of sulphur, and the product of the distillation of 6 parts 'of prussiate of potash, 3 of sul- phuric acid, and 18 of water. Digest till the sulphur is no longer acted on, and the liquid becomes yellow. Roil the liquid till it becomes colourless, filter, evaporate, and crystallize. SuLPHURET OF Carbon. See Bisulphuret of Carbon. Syrup of Milk. Evaporate with constant stirring, G ft of skimmed milk to 3 ft ; add 4i lb of sugar; dissolve with a gentle heat, and strain. It may be flavoured with the addition of I oz. of cherry-laurel water. [For other Syrups see P. F.] Milk may be preserved by first heating it, and when cold, charging it with carbonic acid gas. Tannin. See Acid, Tannic, page 280. Terpine. Leave oil of turpentine for a long time in con- tact with a mixture of nitric acid and alcohol. Crystals of terpine form. By boiling an aqueous solution of ter- pine with a small quantity of sulphuric or other aci^, tcrphiole is formed, and may be separated by distillation. It has the odour of hyacinths. Test Liquors, Test Papers, &c. Distilled water only MISCELLANEOUS PEEPABATIONS. 395 slionlil be used in these preparations. In preparing the papers, the liquid should be placed in an earthenware plate or dish, and the paper carefully immersed in it so as to be nniformly wetted, then dried out of the reach of acid, ammouiacal, or other vapours likely to afl’ect them ; and afterwards kept in bottles, jars, or cases. Dr. Fa- KADAY recommends unsized paper, but Mr. Parnell and other good authorities direct good letter paper to be used. Brazil Paper. Dip paper in a strong decoction of Brazil wood, and dry it. [It is rendered purple or violet by alkalies ; generally yellow by acids.] Cabbage Paper, Make a strong infusion of red cab- bage leaves, strain it, and evaporate it by a gentle heat till considerably reduced. Then dip the paper in it, and dry it in the air. [This paper is of a greyish colour; alkalies change it to green, acids to red. It is a very delicate test ; if rendered slightly green by an alkali, car- bonic acid will restore the colour.] Dahlia Paper. From the petals of violet dahlias, as cabbage paper. Elder-berry Paper. This is merely paper stained with the Juice of the berries. Its blue colour is changed to red by acids, and to green by alkalies. Indigo Paper. Immerse paper in sulphate of indigo, wash it with water rendered slightly alkaline, then with pure water, and dry it in the air. Iodide of Potassium and Starch Paper. Mix starch paste with solution of iodide of potassium, and moisten bibulous paper with it. [It becomes blue when exposed to ozone. Chlorine has the same effect.] Lead Paper. Paper dipped in a solution of acetate of lead. [When moistened it detects sulphuretted hydrogen, which renders it black.] Blue Litmus Paper. Bruise I oz. of litmus in a mortar, and add boiling water; triturate together, put them in a flask and add boiling water to make up to half a pint; when cool, strain it, and dip paper in it. More colour may be extracted from the litmus by hot water, but the liquid will require to be concentrated by 39G TEADE CHEMICALS. evaporation. [Acids change the colour to red, but it does not become green with alkalies.] Red Litmus Paper. As the last, adding to the strained infusion a few drops of nitric acid, or of pure acetic acid. Dr. Faraday recommends holding blue litmus paper over a large jar, into which a few drops of muriatie acid have been introduced, till sufficiently reddened. M anganese Paper. Dip paper in a solution of sulphate of manganese. [It becomes black in an ozonized atmo- sj)here.] Rhubarb Paper. Dip paper in a strong infusion of rhubarb, and dry it. [Alkalies render it brown. It is not, like turmeric paper, affected by boracic acid.] Starch Paper. This is merely paper imbued with starch paste. Cotton cord is sometimes used instead of paper. [As a test for iodine, which turns it blue.] Turmeric Paper. Boil 1 oz. of coarsely powdered turmeric root in half a pint of water for half an hour, and strain : dip paper in the liquid, and dry it. [It is rendered brown by alkalies, and also by boracic acid and borates.] Test Solutions, &c. [The vegetable preparations are here placed first.] Tincture and Infusion of Red Cabbage. Digest red cabbage with rectified spirit in a warm place for a few days ; strain, distil off most of the spirit, and evaporate what remains to the consistence of syrup. It will keep for years. When required for use, dilute it with a little water ; or the concentrated infusion directed above for the paper may have a little spirit added to it. [If the cabbage leaves be well dried, they may be kept in a close vessel for use, and a strong infusion made when wanted.] Acid Infusion of Red Cabbage. Dr. Faraday directs one or more red cabbages to be cut up in strips, and boiling water poured on them, and a little dilute sulphuric acid (equal to L oz. of oil of vitriol to a large cabbage) to be added, and the whole kept hot for an hour or two in a copper or earthen vessel. It is then strained, the cabbage infused in a little more water and acid, and the mixed infusion evaporated to one-third its first bulk, allowed to MISCELLANEOUS PREPAEATIONS. 397 settle, aiul put into bottles. WLeu required for use, tlie acid is neutralized by caustic potash or soda. Another jdnn is to dry the leaves at and when required for use to make a strong infusion adding a drop of sul])huric acid, to neutralize the strained infusion with marble, filter, and add a little spirit, if required to be kept. Infusion or Tinclnre of Litmus. Tliis is made as di- rected above for litmus paper. Or an ounce of powdered litmus may be triturated with 0 oz. of boiling water, digested near the fire for an hour, and mixed, when cool, with -2 oz. of spirit. Or digest 1 oz. of powdered litmus in a pint of proof spirit for 7 days. If required red, a few drops of acetic acid are added to either of these. The next day, decant the clear liquor. Dr. Peueira directs 1 part of litmus to 2.5 of water. When made very strong, it must be diluted when used. Tincture of Gulls, Infusion of Galls, &c. Fresh pow- dered blue gulls 1 oz., proof spirit 8 oz.; digest in a close vessel for a week, and filter. A watery infusion of galls may be made in the same pro|)orlion with boiling w'ater for* immediate use. Pettenkofer directs 1 oz. of pow- dered galls to be infused in 3 or 4 ounces of boiling water for several hours, and 2 oz of salt added. After filtra- tion, it retains its transparency and power of precipitat- ing gelatine for years. [These are used to detect iron, with the salts of which it produces a black colour; for gelatine, which it precipitates in brownish- white flocks; and several of the organic alkaloids.] Marsh’s Dalilin 'Test. Make a strong infusion of the jietals of dark dahlias ; strain, and add to every pint ^ oz. of strong sulphuric acid ; stir with a glass rod, and when cold, add to each pint 2 gr. of corrosive sublimate. Filter through coarse cloth, and bottle. When required for use, neutralize it carefully wiUi ammonia, and use the liquid by dipping paper in it. Si/ruj) of Violets. On 4 oz. of fresh petals of violets pour half a pint of water at 104° Fahrenheit, stir them together, and in a minii'e or two strain off the water with gentle pressure, and pour 8 oz. of boiling distilled water on the flowers. In 12 hours, strain through linen, M JI 39S TEADB CHEIIICALS. let tlie infusion settle, and decant, then dissolve in it twice its weight of refined sugar, by a genile heat. [A delicate test for acids and alkalies.] Dr. Clauk’s Test for Hardness of Water. Dissolve 1 oz. of Hawes’s best while soap in a gallon of proof spirit. If not of such strength that it requires 32 mea- sures to be added to 100 measures of solution of chloride of calcium of IG degrees of hardness (see below) before it lathers, it must be adjusted to that strength. [The chloride of calcium solution is thus made: — Dissolve 16 grains of jmre carbonate of lime in a small quantity of pure hydrochloric acid, avoiding less from effervescence ; evaporate the solution to dryness, and dissolve the residue in water, and again evaporate till a neutral solution is obtained ; then dissolve in a gallon of water. This forms the standard solution of 10 degrees of hardness. One measure of this solution with 15 of distilled water con- stitutes a solution of one degree of hardness ; and so on up to 10 degrees. The degree of hardness expresses the number of grains of carbonate of lime per gallon con- tained in the water. For the mode of using this test, see Dr. Clark’s pamphlet, or Parnell’s Chemical Analysis.] Solution of Carbonate of Ammonia. Mr. Parnell directs this test to be prepared by dissolving 1 part of sublimed carbonate of ammonia in 3 of water, and adding 1 part of water of ammonia. Solution of Oxalate of Ammonia. Dissolve 1 oz. of crystallized oxalate of ammonia in a pint of water. Solution of Sulphuretted Hijdropen. Pass sulphuretted hydrogen gas (see Gases, page 335) through cold dis- tilled water, which has been recently boiled, till it will absorb no more. Keep it in small bottles securely closed. Solution of Jlydrosulpliuret of Ammonia. Pass sul- phuretted hydrogen gas (see page 335) through water of ammonia till the liquid occasions no precipitate in a solution of sulphate of magnesia. . j Solution of Ammonio-nitrate of Silver. To a solution . of nitrate of silver (1 part crystallized nitrate to 20 of ; MISCELLAIJEOTTS PEEPAEATIONS. 399 distilled -water) add gradually weak water of ammonia till a mere trace of the oxide first precipitated is left un- dissolved. Let it settle, decant it into a clean, stop- pered bottle, and keep it from the light. The Edinburgh Pharmacopoeia directs 44 grains of nitrate of silver to be dissolved in a fluid-ounce of water, and sufficient am- monia added, as above. [It gives a pale yellow precipi- tate with arsenious acid, and a chocolate red with arsenic acid ; the same with their salts.] Solution of Niirntc of Silver. The Edinburgh Phar- macopoeia directs this test to be prepared by dissolving 40 grains of the nitrate in a fluid-ounce of distilled water. TheLondon Pharmacopoeia directs CO grs. to a fluid-ounce. Mr. Paknell recommends 1 part to 15 or 20 of water. [It is used chiefly for the detection of chlorine or muri- atic acid. The precipitate, chloride of silver, is insoluble in nitric acid. Also for hydrocyanic acid, with which it gives a white precipitate, which is decomposed by heat, the silver being reduced.] Solution of Ammouio-sulphate of Copper. Dissolve 1 drachm of sulphate of copper in 2 oz. of water, and add ammonia till the precipitate first thrown down is nearly all dissolved. Let it settle, and pour off the clear solution. [Chiefly used as a test for arsenical compounds, with which it gives a green precipitate.] Solution of Chloride of Barium. Dissolve 00 grains of the chloride in a fluid-ounce of distilled water. Solution of Nitrate of Barytes. (Ed. Ph.) Dissolve 40 grains of nitrate of barytes in 800 grains of distilled water. Solution of Tudiyo. Digest 1 part of fine indigo in 10 parts of oil of vitriol, and dilute with water. Hahnemann’s Wine Test, for delectiny lead in wine. Sulphuret of lime oz., tartaric acid 3 oz., water 2 ft, mix, decant, and add 1 oz. of tartaric acid. Or, simple sulphuretted hydrogen water 4 oz., tartaric acid 1 dr. Tkommer’s Test for sugar in urine. Put some of the suspected urine into a large test-tube, and odd a few drops of solution of sulphate of copper, then sufficient solution of potash to render it strongly alkaline. If sugar be present, 400 TEADE CHEMICALS. the precipitated oxide redissolves into a blue liquid, and on boiling red oxide of copper is precipitated. [White merino that has been wet with a solniion of bichloride of tin, is said to form a ready test for sugar in urine, &c. A portion wet with the suspected liquor, and exposed to 200 to 000° of heat, becomes blackened if sugar is present.] The following is proposed as a quantitative test for sugar: Dissolve 400 grains of pure crystallized sulphate of copper in 1000 grains of distilled water: add this gra- dually to a solution of 1000 grains of neutral tartrate of potash in a little water mixed with 0 or 7 thousand grains of solution of caustic soda, of 112 sp. gr. Add water to make up the whole 11,044 grain measures (20 fi. oz., 2 fl. dr., 04 minima). 1000 grain measures are equivalent to 0 grains of grape sugar. Pettenkofeu’s Test for bile, in urine, &c. Put a small quantity of the suspected liquid into a test-tube, and add to, drop by drop, strong sulphuric acid till it becomes warm, taking care not to raise the temperature above 122° Fahr. Then add from 2 to 0 drops of syrup, made with 0 parts of sugar to 4 of water, and shake the mixture. If the liquid contain bile, a violet coloration is observed. Acetic acid, atid those substances which are converted into sugar by sulphuric acid, may be substituted for sugar. Tobacco W.ater. See Washes for vermin on plants. Thees, Met.\llic, Lead Tree. Di.ssolve 1 oz. of sugar of lead in a quart of distilled or filtered rain water, adding a few drojis of acetic acid. Filter, and put the clear solution into a decanter or bottle. Suspend in it a jiiece of zinc, and set it aside. Silver Tree. Dissolve 20 gr. of crystallized nitrate of silver in an ounce of distilled water; put it into a phial, and add about ^ a drachm of pure quicksilver. Till Tree. Dissolve 0 dr. of muriate of tin in a jiint | and a half of water, with 10 or 15 drops of nitric acid ; ! and suspend in it a rod of zinc. Tubpektine, Venice (factitious). It is usually made by J dissolving black resin in oil of turpentitie. Dr. PEiiEinA''. states the proportion to be 5 iluid oz. of the oil to 10 oz. MISCELLANEOUS PBEPAEATIONS. 401 of resin ; but some makers put as mueli as 8, 10, or even 12 oz. of oil of turpeutiiie lo eaeh pouml of resiu. [We Lave introduced this factitious preparation, because no genuine Venice (orlarcL) turpentine is now to be obtained.] Tubpentine, Oil of. Common turpentine, oliiefly Ame- rican, is distilled with water ; the oil comes over with the water, and is found floating on it. It is rectified by dis- tilling it again with water. See Camphine and Solvents FOR India Rubber, for further modifications of this oil. Urn Powder. Oidde of iron, crocus, or jeweller’s rouge. Varnishes. These constitute a distinct branch of manu- facture, and many of them can be advantageously or safely made only on the large scale on premises adapted for the purpose. A few of the most easily prepared and useful varnishes have been selected for insertion. Foi fuller information see Dr. Ure’s Dictionary of Arts, Dom.as’ Chemie applique aux Arts, &c. Some practical information on the subject will be found in Mr. Red- wood’s edition of Gray’s Supplement, and in the 49th vol. of the Transactions of the Society of Arts. Spirit Varnishes. The spirit employed should not be less than 00° overproof. In preparing and using them, they should be kept at a distance from a candle or othei flame. Respecting the gums (resins) employed, it may be useful to mention that shell-lac is rendered more soluble by being powdered and exposed for a long time to the air; sandarach gives hardness to varnishes; mastic gives a gloss to a solution of other gums; benzoin still more, but its colour is objectionable ; anyne readily dis- solves, but renders the varnish long in drying ; copal and amber are scarcely soluble in spirit, but are rendered jiartially so by other gums, and also by being previoiisly fused by heat. Shell-lac gives a durable varnish, objec- lionable only on account of its colour, which may be rendered paler by charcoal. See Lac. 1. While Spirit Varnish. Rectified spirit 2 gallons, gum sandarach ') Ih. Put them into a tin bottle, cork securely, and agitate frequently, placing the tin occa- sionally in hot water till the gum is dissolved, then add a quart of pale turpentine varnish. M M 2 402 TEADE CHEMICALS. 2. Brown. Rectified spirit 2 gallons, sandaracli 3 ft, sliell-lnc 2 ft, pale turpentine varnish a quart. Proceed as the last. >3. Sandarach 2 oz., shell-lac ^ oz., rectified spirit 10 fluid oz. 4. White. Gum sandarach 1^ oz., mastic ^ oz., elemi i oz., foreipi oil of lavender ^ oz., rectified sjurit 8 oz. Copal Bpirit or Drying Varnish. Copal, fused and pulverized, 3 oz., sandarach 0 oz., mastic 3 oz., Venice tuipentine 2^ oz., higlily rectified sjiirit a quart, pow- dered glass 3 oz. Mix the powdered glass and resins, and sift tbem ; introduce them into a matrass with the spirit, and heat to boiling, constantly agitating till the gums are dissolved ; then add the tupentine. Heat the varnish for half an hour, and when removed from the fire agitate till cold. ’ Brilliant Amber Spirit Varnish. Fused amber 4 oz., sandarach 4 oz., mastic 4 oz., highly rectified spirit a quart. Expose to the heat of a sand-bath, with occa- sional jagitation, till dissolved. [The amber is fused in a close copper vessel, having a funnel shaped projection, which passes through the bottom of the furnace by which the vessel is heated.] Chinese Varnish. Mastic 2 oz., sandarach 2 oz., rec- tified spirit a pint. Close the lUiitrass with bladder, with a pin-hole for the escape of vapour; heat to boiling in a sand or water bath, and when dissolved strain through linen, ® , Crystal Varnish. Picked mastic 4 oz., rectified spirit a pint, animal charcoal 1 oz. Digest and filter. French Polish and Lacquers are varieties of spirit varnishes. The former have already been noticed (page 308). A few formulae for the latter are here added : ° Pale or Gold Lacquers. To a pint of rectified spirit add as much gamboge as will give it a bright yellow ' colour, then add 12 oz. of seed-lac in fine powder, and set it in a sand bath till dissolved. Or a tincture of annatto (1 part to 8 of spirit) may be added to give the desired colour. Dark Lacquer. Clear seed-lac 1 tb, dragon’s blood MISCELLANEOUS PKEPAEATIONS. 403 1 oz. ; pulverize together, and add them to a pint and half of reetified spirit. Set in a warm place till dissolved. Lacquer for Brass Work. Turmeric 1 oz., safl'ron J oz., Spanish amiatto ^ oz., rectified spirit a pint. Digest at a gentle heat for several days; strain through coarse linen, put the tincture in a bottle, and add 3 oz. of good seed-lac coarsely powdered. Place in a moderate heat, and shake freqtiently till dissolved ; if wanted of a redder shade, increase the quantity of annatto, or add a little dragon’s blood. [Some makers prepare a strong tincture of the various colouring ingredients, and add them to the lacquer to produce the required shade.] Oil of turpentine, and other essential oils, are used as solvents, forming essence varnishes, as the following: — Mastic Varuish. Clean mastic 5 oz., rectified oil of turpentine (camphine) a quart. Digest in a warm place, shaking frequently till the solution is complete, then strain. Picture Varnish. Chio turpentine oz., mastic 12 oz., camphor 4 tlf-i pounded glass 4 oz., rectified oil of turpentine 3 pints. For oil paintings. Canada Varnish. .Clear balsam of Canada 4 oz., camphine 8 oz.; warm gently, and shake together till dissolved. For maps, drawings, &c. ; they are first sized over with a solution of isinglass, taking care that every part is covered ;, when dry, the varnish is brushed over it. Tinguy’s Essence Varuish. Mastic in powder 12 oz., pure turpentine I4 oz., camphor 4 oz., powdered glass D oz., rectified oil of turpentine a quart. Common Turpentine Varnish. This is merely clear pale resin dissolved in oil of turpentine; usually 0 It) of resin to 7 lb of turpentine. Oil Varnishes. These consist of copal and other gums dissolved by heat in boiled linseed oil ; generally with the addition of oil of turpentine. Cabinet Varnish. Fuse 7 Th of African copal, and pour on it 4 pints of hot clarified linseed oil (see Oils); in 3 or 4 minutes, if it feels stringy, take it out of the building, where there is no fire near, and when it has cooled to l.bO® mix in 3 gallons of oil of turpentine of the same temperature, or sufficient to bring it to a due TEADE CHEMICALS. mi consistence. [Various qualities of copal varnisL are made for different purposes ; inferior gums are often substituted for or mixed witb copal.] Amber Varnish. Amber 1(J oz.; melt in an iron pot, and add ^ pint of drying linseed oil, boiling hot, and add 3 oz. of resin and 3 oz, of asphalte, each in fine powder. Stir till they are thoroughly incorporated; re- move from the fire, and add a pint of warm oil of tur- ' peiuine. j Common Oil Varnish. Eesin 3 ft, drying oil ^ a gallon; melt together, and add, when removed from the fire, 2 quarts of warm oil of turpentine. Varnish for Printers' Ink. To every 10 lb of clarified linseed oil (page 338) add .0 ft of clear black resin, and ^ ft of oil of turpentine. It is then ready for mixing with lamp black or other colouring matter. A twelfth part of Canada balsam is sometimes added for the finer sorts. A few miscellaneous varnishes are added. ^ Varnish for Enrjraving on Copper. — Yellow wax 1 oz., i mastic 1 oz., asphaltum ^ oz.; melt, pour into water, and i form into balls for use. A softer varnish for engravers i is made with 1 part of tallow and 2 of yellow wax ; or {. with 2 oz. of wax, 1 dr. of common turpentine, and 1 dr. '■ olive oil. See Etching Varnishes, p. 304. Varnish for Engraving on Glass. 1. Wax 1 oz., mastic oz., asphaltum oz., turpentine ^dr. 2. Mastic 1.') parts, turpentine 7, oil of spike 4 parts. *' Le Blond's Varnish. Keep 4 ft of balsam of copaivi warm in a sand or water bath,' and add 10 oz. of copal, previously fused and coarsely powdered, by single ounces f ' daily, and stir it frequently; when dissolved add a little S Chio turpentine. Bessemer’s Varnish, for metallic paint. This is made with 8 ft of copal, 2^ gallons of drying oil, and gallons of oil of turpentine. These are made into a varnish ■ ( nearly as directed for Cabinet Varnish; and afterwards { mixed with a gallon of slaked lime, and left for 3 days to < settle. The clear portion is then drawn off, and fi parts of varnish mixed with 4 parts of bronze powder. MISCELLAKEOITS PREPAEATIOU3. 405 Mackintosh’s Caoutchouc Varuish. Dissolve 1 tb of India niblier cnt in shreds in a quarter of a pint of rec- tified coal naphtha. [Caoutchouc varnishes may he made with either of the solvents noticed above, page GUO. The following are also used : Jud'ia liuhher Varuish, for hoots. Dissolve oz. of caoutchouc in 2 oz. of mineral naphtha. Dissolve also ^ oz. of asphaltum in 1 oz. of oil of turpentine. Mix the solutions. Balloon Varuish. Melt India rubber in small pieces with its weight of boiled linseed oil, and thin it with oil of turpentine ] Varuish for Frames for Hot Beds. Mix 4 oz. of pul- verized white cheese, 2 oz. of slaked lime, and 4 oz. of boiled linseed oil. Mix, and add 4 oz. each of whites and yolks of egg, and liquefy the mixture by heat. This curious mixture is said to produce a pliable and trans- parent varnish. Coloured Varnishes. Oil varnishes are coloured by grinding with them the most transparent colours, as dis- tilled verdigris for green, &c. Spirit varnishes are also coloured with dragons blood, gamboge, &c. SeaHutj-U^ax Varuish. Black or coloured sealing-wax broken small, and sufficient rectified spirit to cover it, digested till dissolved. Ati article called black lac is sohl as an economical substitute for black sealing-tvax. Black Japan. Boil together a gallon of boiled linseed oil, 8 oz. of umber, and 3 oz. of asphaltum. When suf ficientlv cool, thin it with oil of ttirpentitie. Brunswick Black. -Melt 4 lb of asphaltum, add 2 11) of hot boiled linseed oil, and when sufficiently cool add a gallon of oil of turpentine. Varuish for Gnu Barrels, after browning them. Shell lac 1 oz., dragon’s blood .[ oz., rectified spirit a quart. Dissolve and filter. Transfer T^aruish. Alcohol oz., ptire Venice turpen- tine 4 oz., mastic 1 oz. Hair Varuish. Dissolve one part of clippings of pigs’ bristles, or of horsehair, in 10 parts of drying linseed oil, by heat. Fibrous materials (cotton, llax, silk, &c.) im- 40G TRADE CHEMICALS. biied with the varnish and dried, are used as a substitute for hair-cloth. Glass J^anish. This is a solution of soluble glass, and should be thus made. Fuse together 15 parts of powdered quartz, (or of fine sand,) 10 parts of potash, and 1 of charcoal. Pulverize the mass aud expose it for some davs to the air; treat the whole with cold water, which removes the foreign salts, &c. Boil the residue in 5 parts of water until it dissolves. It is pernmnent in the air, and not dis- solved by cold water. Used to protect wood, Src., from fire. Vinegar. Vinegar may be made from wine or ale, by- keeping it for some weeks or months in a warm place, with access of air. In this country it is usually made from malt, or a mixture of malted and unmalted barley, which is mashed as for beer and fermented with yeasu T. be feimented liquor is then placed in a warm room for many weeks in unclosed casks, and finished by transfer- ring it into larger vessels with false bottoms, on which are placed the refuse raisins &c. from which wine has been prepared. A much quicker method of acetification IS sometimes employed: tlie fermented liquor is made to pass in drops into tubs filled with beech chips, so as to expose an extended surface to the action of the air. In Germany it is also made by the direct acetification of spirit by means of platina black. The method of pre- paring wood vinegar has already been noticed. (See Py- roligneous Acid.) The following is one of the pro- cesses followed in making vinegar from sugar; Boil 10 gallons of water for 10 minutes with a quart of bran ; run it into a tub through flannel, aud put into it 12 ft of coarse brown sugar, and when cooled to 70° add a quart of yeast at three different times. Let it work for four days, then take off the y^east, and run the liquor into^ a clean tub. bill the tub nearly with the liquor, leaving room for 2 ft of bruised crab apples and 1 ft of raisins. If it ferments, add a little reserved liquor, or water boiled with sugar, till the fermentation ceases. Then place the cask upon a plank fronting the sun in summer, and near the fire in winter. Put into it 1 oz. MISCELLANEOUS PEEPAEATIONS. 407 of isinglass well beaten up with a quart of old vinegar, cover the bunghole with a piece of hop-bag (fastened to the edge of the hole b}' pitch), and lay a tile over it. Leave it in this state till it becomes fit for use. On a small scale. Dr. Tdbner states that vinegar may be made from 120 parts of water, 12 of brandy, 3 of brown sugar, 1 of tartar, and ^ of sour dough, left some weeks in a warm place. Washes fob Vebmix in Plants. 1. Tobacco Water. Infuse 1 lb of tobacco in a gallon of boiling water, in a covered vessel, till cold. 2. For Lice in Vines. Boil ^ It) of tobacco in 2 quarts of water ; strain, and add ^ lb of soft soap, and 4 of sulphur. Mix. 3. For Aphides. Boil 2 oz. of lime and 1 oz. of sulphur in water, and strain. 4. For Red Spiders. A teaspoonful of salt in a gallon of water. In a few days wash the plant with pure water. Washing Powdebs. These consist of soda-ash combined with gelatinous substances, as solution of glue, linseed jelly, &c., dried and powdered. Washing Liquids are chiefly solutions of caustic soda. Waterproofing Compounds. For Bools, &C. 1. (Roome’s patent.) Suet 8 oz., linseed oil 8 oz., yellow bees’- wax () oz., neatsfoot oil 1^ oz., lamp-black 1 oz., litharge \ oz. Melt together, and stir till cold. 2. Linseed oil 8 oz., boiled ditto 10 oz., suet 8 oz., yellow wax 8 oz. Melt. 3. Dr. Harvard’s. Wax 8 oz., resin 4 oz., mutton suet 4 oz. ; boil together, and apply warm to new boots. 4. Col. Hawker’s. Drying oil 1 pint, wax 2 oz.. Burgundy pitch 1 oz., oil of turpentine 2 oz. Melt over a slow fire, and add a few drops of oil of lavender, or thyme. Brush the boots repeatedly with the composi- tion before the fire, till they appear fully saturated. 0. For Leather, &c. Cut 3 drachms of India-rubber into small pieces, soak them for 24 hours in a solution of common soda ; dissolve this and 3 oz. of asphaltum in 12 ounces of camphine, then add ^ oz. of boiled linseed oil. 408 TEADE CHEMICALS. F(rr Cloth. It is alternately dipped in a solution of acetate of lead with a little {--um, and solution of alum. I' or Hats. Boil 8 Ih shell-lac, .8 Ih frankincense, and 1 fb borax in suflicient water. Wax. bellow bees’- wax is bleached by pouring the melted wax in a divided state on a revolving cylinder partly im- mersed in water, so as to form it into line ribbons, which are exposed to air and moisture till bleached, and subse- quently refined by melting with water containing sul- phuric acid. — Dr. Pereiua. It has been proposed to bleach wax by adding to each pound of melted wax 2 oz. of powdered nitrate of soda, and afterwards stirring in, by little at a time, 1 oz. of sulphuric acid diluted with 10 parts of water, keeping the mixture warm, and constantly stirred with a glass rod in a capacious earthen vessel, till all the acid is added. It is then allowed to become some- what cool, and the vessel filled with boiling water, well agitated, and set aside. The cake of wax is removed into boiling water, till this no longer produces a precipitate with chloride of barium. — .AI. Ingexhol. [We have not found this render wax perfectly white.] Wax fob AIodelling. Lead plaster 8 oz., bees’-wax 8 oz., Burgundy pitch 8 oz. ; melt together, and stir in suflicient chalk to form a paste, and form it into small sticks for use. [For Sealing wax, see page 808.] Welding Composition. Mix borax with of sal am- moniac, fuse the mixture, and pour it on an iron plate. When cold, pulverize it and mix it with an equal weight of quick-lime, sprinkle it on iron heated to redness, replace it in the fire. It may be welded below the nsiuU heal. Wheat, Steep for. A pound of genuine sulphate of copper in sufficient water, for each sack of seed. Arsenic is also used ; sulphate of zinc has been recommended ; so has quicklime, which is thus used: — Soak the seed in a warm mixture of 8(i to 4-8 ounces of quicklime to (i or / gallons of water. This is for 4^ bushels of wheat: the solution should be sufficient to cover the seed 8 or 4 finger-breadths deep, and it should lie in it 24 hours. But sulphate of copper seems to give the most satisfactory results. It would be desirable, however, to find an in- MISCELLANEOUS PEEPAEATIONS. 409 nocuous substitute, as traces of copper have been found in wheat grown from the steeped seed. This appears to liave been discovered in the use of a solution of sulphate of soda with lime, which has proved more successful in France than either arsenic or sulphate of copper. Wood, to Staix. 1. Muho^ntnj colour Qlar/c). Boil 4 ft of madder, and 2 oz. of logwood, in a gallon of water; and brush the wood well over with the hot liquid. When dry, go over the whole with a solution of 2 drachms of pearlash in a quart of water. 2. (Liyht.) Brush over the surface with diluted nitrous acid, and when dry apply the following with a soft brush ; — Dragon’s blood 4 oz., common soda 1 oz., spirit of wine y pints; let them stand in a warm place, shaking it frequently, then strain. Repeat the application until the pro])er colour is obtained. 3. (TV) stain Maple a Mahogany colour.) Dragon’s blood 4 oz., alkanet ^ oz., aloes 1 dr., spirit of wine 1 G ounces. Apply it with a sponge or brush. 4. Rosewood. Boil 8 oz. of logwood in 3 pints of water until reduced to half; apply it boiling hot two or three times, letting it dry between each. Afterwards put in the streaks with a camel-hair pencil dipped in a solu- tion of copperas arid verdigris in decoction of logwood. .0. Ebony. Wash the wood repeatedly with a solution of sulphate of iron; let it dry, then apply a hot decoction of logwood and nutgalls for two or three times. When dry wipe it with a wet sponge, and when dry polish with linseed oil. 0. To Stain Wood Red. Use a strong decoction of Brazil wood and alum. [Woods may be stained with the various dyes before described See Dyes.] Yeast, Autificiai,. Honey ") oz., cream of tartar 1 oz., malt IG oz., water at 122° F. 3 pints; stir together, and when the temperature falls to G0°, cover it up and keep it at that temperature till yeast is formed. Zinc, Ammoniaco-chi.okide of. By dissolving equal equivalents of chloride of zinc and sal ammoniac a crys- tallizable salt is formed, which dissolves oxides of copper N N 410 tra.de chemicals. and of iron, and is useful in tinning or zincing those metals. Zinc, Amalgamated, {for voltaic plates.') Put a little mercury on the zinc plate, and pour on it dilute sulphuric acid; then rub the mercury over the surface by means of a piece of linen. Another method, which is said to give a more permanent coating, is that of Mr. Walenn. Having cleaned the plates by emery, and by immersion in diluted sulphuric acid, and then in clean water, dip them into a mixture of equal parts of a saturated solution of corrosive sublimate and a similar solution of acetate of lead; then rub them with a cloth. Zinc, Platinized, for Dr. Wright’s Battery. Saturated solution of chloride of platina ^ dr., sulphuric acid 1^ dr., water 2 dr. Mix ; dip the zinc plates into the solution for a few seconds, and wash them quickly. Zinc, Oxide of. It may be obtained from the purified sulphate by precipitating it from a hot solution by car- bonated or bicarbonated alkalies. It cannot be obtained pure by caustic ammonia. — M. J. Lefort. Mr. Midgley prepares it on a large scale by the combustion of zinc in a mufile, heated by a furnace of peculiar construction ; the zinc is introduced into the mufile from time to time, as the combustion proceeds ; he is thus able to prepare one or two hundredweights at a time, by a continuous process. Zinc, Purification of. Granulate zinc by melting it, and pouring it while very hot into a deep vessel filled with water. Place the granulated metal in a hessian crucible, in alternate layers with one-fourth its w'eight of nitre, with an excess of nitre at the top. Cover the crucible, and secure the lid; then apply heat. When deflagration takes place, remove from the fire, separate the dross, and run the zinc into an ingot mould. It is quite free from arsenic. A few additional Recipes will be found in the follow- ing pages. ADDENDA. Arsknic, Self-deteclbig Mixtures of. Dr. Cattell proposes that white arsenic (arsenious acid) sliould be sold in com- bination with substances which will produce a colour when mixed with liquids. The following are some of the more practicable combinations: — Black. Arsenic with calomel and quicklime; or with dried sulphate or perphosphate of iron, and tannic or gallic acid. — Blue. With anhydrous sulphate of iron and anhydrous prussiate of potash. — Green. With dried phosphate of soda and dried sulphate of iron. [The legislature has directed white arsenic to be mixed with 1 oz. of soot, or ^ oz. of indigo to each pound.] Bronze for Plaster Figures. Dissolve palm soap in water, and add a mixed solution of sulphate of copper and sulphate of iron until no further precipitate occurs. Dry the precipitate, and mix it with oil of turpentine, or linseed oil. Sulphate of copper alone produces too bright a green. Palmite of iron is yellow. These may be precipitated separately, and mixed to the desired shade after being triturated with the oil. 10 ounces of soap will require 3 ounces of sulphate of copper. Bronzing Liquid, &c., for Electrotype Copper Medals. Boil 2 oz. of carbonate of ammonia and 1 oz. of acetate of copper, in ^ pint of vinegar, until nearly all the vinegar is evaporated. Pour into this a solution of 02 grains of sal ammoniac, and 10^ grains of oxalic acid, in ^ pint of vinegar; boil the whole, and filter. Apply it to the medal (which should be perfectly bright, and previously warmed) with a camel-hair pencil for half a minute; then pour boiling water on it, wipe it with soft cotton very slightly moistened with linseed oil, and rub it with clean cotton. [They may also be bronzed by applying oxide of iron (jeweller’s rouge, or crocus) in the same manner as directed, p. 201), for plumbago; or a mixture of these may be used.] 412 ADDENDA. Bronzing Liquids, for Tin Castings. Wash them over, after being well cleaned and wiped, with a solution of 1 part of sulphate of iron, and 1 of sulphate of copper, in 20 parts of water: afterwards with a solution of 4 parts of verdigris in 11 of distilled vinegar; leave for an hour to dry, then polish with a soft brush and colcothar. Electrotvpe Moulds. Elastic. To 12 parts of carefully- melted glue, add 3 parts of treacle, and incorporate them perfectly. [For copying medals where the figures are in high relief.] Gutta-Percha Moulds are made by softening a piece of gutta percha by warm water (1.50° to 100°), and pressing the medal into it by a screw. Etching Fluids. For Steel. Mix 10 parts of pure bydro- chloric acid, 70 of distilled water, and a solution of 2 parts of chlorate of potash in 20 of water. Dilute before using with from 100 to 200 parts of water. For Copper. Iodine 2 i>arts, iodide of potassium 5 parts, water 5 to 8 parts. Glass Fnux.yiir mending, broken China, kc. Mix 3 parts of red lead, 2 of fine white sand, and 3 of crystallized horacic acid ; fuse the mixture, levigate it, and apply it with thin mucilage of tragacanth. Heat the repaired article gently so as partially to fuse the cement. Gilding, by simple immersion. Dissolve ter-^xide or ter- chloride of gold in a solution of pyrophosphate of soda, and dip the article to be gilt in it. Golden Compound. Anhydrous tungstate of soda, or the salt obtained by fusing 2 equivalents of tungstic acid with 1 of carbonate of soda, is to be melted in a porcelain crucible, over a spirit lamp, at a temperature not more than sufficient : then add small pieces of pure tin to the melted mass. Cubes of a golden colour instantly form. The process should not be continued too long, or they acquire a purple hue. Nitrite of Potash. It is obtained mixed wiili a little nitre and potash by heating nitre to redness. To purify the residuum, dissolve it in boiling water, set aside for 24 hours, pour off the liquid from the deposited nitre, neutra- lize the free alkali with acetic acid, and add twice its volume of alcohol. In a few hours more nitre crystallizes, and the liquid separates into two layers; the upper is alcoholic ADDENDA. 413 solution of acetate of potasli, tlie lower is solution of nitrite of potash, which may be evaporated to dryness, or kept in solution. Used as a test for iodine, with starch paste and hydrochloric acid. Corenwinder passes nitrous acid gas, formed by acting on 1 part of starch by 10 of nitric acid, through a solution of caustic potash, sp. gr. 1'38, until it becomes acid; then adds a little caustic potash, so as to render it distinctly alkaliiie. Nitrogen G.\s. See page 335. Corenwinder procures it from his solution of nitrite of potash (just described) by mixing one measure of it with three of concentrated solu- tion of sal ammoniac, and heating the mixture in a flask. The gas contains a little ammonia, from which it may be freed by passing it through diluted sulphuric acid. Ozone Gas. This is supposed to be oxygen in an allotropic and more active state. It is formed by putting into a wide bottle pieces of clean phosphorus, with a little water, so that the phosphorus shall be partly in the water and partly uncovered. Close the bottle for some hours, when the air it contains will manifest the odour and effects of ozone. Permanent Ink, for mnrkiny Linen, d'C. In addition to the recipes already given for marking inks (see page 350), the following of M. Henry may deserve attention in large establishments where economy is an object: — Take I oz. of iron filings, and 3 oz. of vinegar or dilated acetic acid. Mix the filings with half the vinegar, and agitate them continually until the mixture becomes thick, then add the rest of the vinegar, and 1 oz. of water. Apply heat to assist the action, and when the iron is dissolved, add 3 oz. of sulphate of iron, and I oz. of gum previously dis- solved in 4 ounces of water ; and mix the whole with a gentle heat. To be used with a brush and stencil plates. j Pinmann’s Green Pigment. Dissolve together in sufficient water I part of sulphate of cobalt, and 3 of sulphate of zinc; precipitate with carbonate of soda, wash the preci- pitate and calcine it. Silvering Compound. Nitrate of silver 1 part, cyanide of ])otnssinm (Liebig’s) 3 parts, water sufficient to form a thick paste. Apply it with a rag. A bath for the same purpose is made by dissolving 100 parts of sulphite of soda, N N 2 41-1 ADDENDA. and 15 of nitrate of silver, in water, and dipping tlie article to be silvered into it. Solutions fob the Electrotype Decomposing Cell. Mr. Walker directs 2 measures of a saturated solution of sulphate of copper, and 1 measure of acidulated water (1 part of sulpliuric acid to 9 of water). Eobell’s solu- tion consists of 2 parts of a saturated solution of sulphate of copper, and 1 part of a saturated solution of Glauber’s salt to which as much sulphate of copper has been added as it will take up. Solution for rendering Dresses &c. uninflammable. Strong solution of sulphate of ammonia. Solvent for Silver. Nitro-snlphuric Acid. Dissolve 1 part of nitre in 10 parts of oil of vitriol. Used for dissolving the silver from plated goods, &c. It dissolves silver at a temperature below 200°, and scarcely acts upon copper, lead, and iron, unless diluted. The silver is pre- cipitated from the solution, after moderately diluting it, by common salt, and the chloride reduced as directed page 088. Test Paper, _/i>r Alkalies. Among the Test Papers (page 39-5), Rose paper should have been noticed. Make a strong infusion of the petals of the red rose, and dip unsized paper in it. Dipped in an alkaline solution, so weak as not to affect turmeric paper, it assumes a bright greeu colour, APPENDIX WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. The weights ami measures now employed in compounding medicines iu Great Britain are derived from the Tmj Pound aud the Imperial Gallon, and are thus divided : — Apothecaries’ Weight. tli 5 3 3 Gr. Minims. Pound. Ounces. Drachms. Scruples. Grains, of water. 1 = 12 = 9G = 288 = 5700 = 0319-54 1 = 8 = 24 ^ 480 = 520-02 1 == 3 = CO = 05-82 1 ^ 20 = 21-94 1 = 1-09 The Troy Pennyweight, 24 grains, is not used in com- pounding medicines. Apothecaries’ Measure. C. O. f§ f5 Congins. Octarii. Fluid Fluid -nv Grains of Gallon. Pints. Ounces. Drachms. Minims. water. 1=8 = 100 = 1280 - 70800 = 70000 1 == 20 = 100 = 9000 = 8750 1 = 8 = 480 = 437-5 1 = 00 = 54-7 1 — 0.9 Imperial Measure. — (^Common Divisions.) Quarter. Bushels. Pecks. Gallons. Quarts. Pints. Gills. 1=8 = 32 = 04 = 250 = 512 = 2048 1 = 4 = 8= 32 = 04 = 250 1=2= 8 = 10 = 04 1 = 4=8 32 1=2 = 8 1 4 41G APPENDIX. Avoirdupois Weigfit. lb oz. dr. gr- French Pound. Ounces. Drachms. Grains. Grammes. 1 = 1(5 = 2b(i - - 7000 = 453-044 1 = 1() = 4.37-00 = 28-34(5 1 === 27-34 = 1-771 Ollier weights used are, the ton, 20 hundred weight; the hundred weight, 112 lb ; and the quarter, 28 lb. Table for converting Troy into Avoirdupois Weights. (From Dr. Duncan’s “ Edinburgh Dispensatory.”) Troy Avoirdupois Troy Avoirdupois ounces. ounces. grains. ounces. ounces. grains. 1 = 1 424 7 = 7 2974 2 = 2 80 8 = 8 340 3 = 3 1071 9 = 9 3824 4 = 4 170 10 = 10 425 0 = 0 2124 11 = 11 30 (5 == 0 255 12 = 13 724 17ij Troy ounces are equal to 192 Avoirdupois. Troy Avoirdupois Troy Avoirdupois lb lb oz. gr. lb ft oz. gr- 1 = 0 13 724 18 = 14 12 430 2 = 1 10 145 19 = 15 10 05 3 := 2 7 2174 20 — 10 7 1374 4 : — ^ 3 4 290 30 = 24 10 425 5 = 4 1 3024 40 32 14 275 6 = 4 14 435 50 = 41 2 125 7 = 5 12 70 00 = 49 5 4124 8 =: 0 9 1424 70 r= 57 9 2024 9 : — : t 0 215 80 = 05 13 1124 10 = 8 3 00 90 — 74 0 400 11 = 8 0 3(50 100 — 82 4 250 12 9 13 4324 175 = 144 0 0 13 = 10 11 074 200 = 104 9 0-24 14 = 11 8 140 300 — 240 13 3124 15 = 12 5 2124 400 = 293 2 125 10 = 13 2 285 500 = 411 0 375 17 =: 13 15 3594 1000 = 822 13 8I24 appendix. 417 The following are the divisions of the old wine gallon adopted in the London Pharmacopoeia before 1830, and the Dublin Pharmacopoeia before 1850. Its use in this kingdom is no longer legal. Former Afothecaries’ Measure. C. 0. f? f5 Minims. 1=8= 128 = 1024 == 3073 = 01440 ] = 10 = 138 = 384 = 7080 1 = 8 = 34 = 480 1 = 3 = 00 1 == 20 CoTnpaTison between the Old and 2^ew lileasuTe, Grains of distilled water. Gallon Pint fx) • fsi Cubic inches. OLD. NEW. 231 277'274 28-875 34-05!) 1-804 1-733 •225 -210 OLD. NEW. 58317-8 70000 7289-7 8750 455-0 437-5 50-9 54-7 The old gallon was very nearly f ths of the new : the new is |ths of the old. The exact factor for converting the old measure into new is -83311 ; and for converting new into old 1-20032. Relative value of the former and present Apothecaries' Measure. (From the American Dispensatory.) OLD. O. fs f3 NEW. NEW-. OLD. 0. f3 13 f5 ra- C. 0. fs 1’3 in. — 0 2 23 Cong. = 1 1 9 5 8 10 5 18 0. = 1 3 1 38 — 1 0 20 = 7 41 = 1 '^2. f3 = 58 XO IIIIU Uie >VCI^UV Ul aiij tjltVAA lllV.*VOV»AV. tiply the weight of the water it will contain by the specific gravity, water being 1-000. The weight of a gallon of any liquid^ in avoird. tbs and decimal parts, is at once seen from its density, merely removing the decimal point one place to the right. Thus a gallon of aether at -750 weighs 7-50 (74) ibs. A gallon of nitric acid at 1-500 weighs 151bs. SHOWING THE RELATIONS OF THE WEIGHTS AND MEASURES OF VARIOUS LIQUIDS. 418 APPENDIX. A Gallon weighs in Avoirdupois Scoi*-':o«^c'jooocrr-H-)ao«— 'cco/coo O 1—! ^ 1 p— ( 1— 1 — 1 A Fluid Ounce weighs ?2 hIc^mIN ;c 00 cs o? c: 1-* X' o o t- *-H o i-“ «COO-HOOC:-fOiOCt-OGVOO ,Z’^cococo'^coococt)'^oa>oo*r:) O Specific Gravity. CO OOCOXOOOO-fuOOOOOO 0»— OCOO?— 'Xi^tCOi-iO^^O^OO OCpl;«CpOO-^ *5 c o B o Cr. Subcarb. of Soda. 1 1 Sesqui or bicarb, of Soda, Ik Sub- carb. of Potash. Jiicarbonate of Potasli. Carbonate of Magnesia. Sesquicarbonate | of Ammonia, j Bicarbonate of Ammonia. Grs. Grs 5 Grs. Grs. Grs. Grs. Grs. Grs. 10 Ot 6 19 11 m. 04 H 104 10^ 10 H 20^ 12 141 7 H 114 13 12 25 141 17i H 10 134 ]5 14 29 17 20f 9-4 12 10 m 4 30 17f 21 10 104 18 17 4 341 20 244 14 19 20 18i 38i 22f 27 151 21 20i 10 H 40 23 274 13 10 214 20 24 H 50 29 35 104 28j 27 27 25 52 30 30 17 21 284 32 30 7 01 30 43 201 25 331 30 33J 09 40 484 23 28 38 47 44 104- 90 52i 03 30 37 494 52 48i i 100 58 70 33 41 55 02 58 120 09 84 40 49 051 73 08 140 82 98 401 57 77 75 70 m 144 84 10] 4S4 59 79 on 84 191 1 172 101 121 r.74 71 .91 4 92 80 20 177 103 124 59 72 97 100 93 2 If 192 112 134 04 78 1051 108 100 23f 200 120 145 09 84 113 180 1 168 391 344 202 242 115 141 190 We liave estimated tlie equivalent of subcaibonate of potash (Potassae Cavbonas of the Pharmncopceia), and of sesquicarbonate of soda, at 84 each. Mr. Phili.ips makes the former 83s'j ; but '5 may be allowed for impurity and extra moisture : the sesquicarbonate of soda he makes 83, but the composition of the best commercial specimens ap- proaches nearer to the bicarbonate, which is 85. Table of the Relation between the principal Areometers for liquids liqhter than water. [The first five columns arc from Sodbeiran, the last from Dr. CiiKisTisoN' and Mr. Redwood. The degrees of Gay-I.ussac’s alcohometer indicate the per-centage l)y measure of pure alcohol ; but are not quite e.vaet as here given, the fractions being neglected.] Baume. Cartier. Pharm. Batava. Specific Gravity. Gay- Lussac. Sykes. 10 10 0 1000 0 Under proof. 100 11 1002 1 003 5 03-5 12 11 -SI 2 087 10 83-5 13 12-76 3 070 17 73-5 14 13-67 4 073 23 62 14-50 5 066 29 51 16 15-51 0 060 34 42 17 16-43 7 053 39 32 18 17-35 8 917 43 25 10 18-26 0 041 47 20 20 10-18 10 035 50 14 21 20-10 11 029 53 8 22 21-02 12 023 56 3 23 21-04 13 017 59 Over proof. 2 24 22-85 14 911 61 7-5 25 23-77 15 005 64 11-5 26 24-60 16 000 66 15 27 25-61 17 804 69 20 28 26-53 18 888 71 25 20 27-44 10 883 73 28-5 30 28-38 20 878 75 32 31 20-20 21 872 77 38 32 30-31 22 867 70 41 33 31-13 23 862 81 44 31 32-04 24 857 83 45-5 3.5 32-06 25 852 84 48 36 33-88 26 847 86 51 37 31-80 27 842 88 54 38 35-72 28 837 89 .56-5 30 36-63 20 832 91 50 40 37-65 30 8-27 92 61-5 41 38-46 31 823 03 42 30-40 32 818 04 43 40-31 33 813 06 44 41-22 34 809 97 45 42-14 35 804 98 46 43-06 36 800 90 47 43-10 37 795 100 48 41-00 38 791 Specific gravities corresponding with the degrees o/Baume' Areometer for liquids heavier than water. — [Parmhaco poeia Batava.] Degrees. Sp.gr. Degrees. Sp. gr. 0 , 1000 39 • . 1372 1 , 1007 40 1384 2 1014 41 1398 3 1022 42 , 1412 4 1029 43 1420 5 1030 44 1440 G 1044 45 1454 7 1032 40 1470 8 , 1000 47 , 1485 n 1007 48 • 1501 10 1075 49 1510 ]i 1083 50 1532 12 1091 51 1549 13 1100 52 1500 14 1108 53 1583 lo 1110 54 1001 10 1125 55 1018 17 . 1134 50 1037 18 1143 57 1050 19 1152 58 1070 20 IKil 59 1095 21 1171 00 1715 22 1180 01 1730 23 1190 02 . 1758 24 . 1199 03 1779 2') . 1210 04 1801 20 1221 05 1823 27 1231 00 1847 28 1242 07 1872 29 , ] 252 08 , 1897 30 , 1201 09 1921 31 , 1275 70 1940 32 1280 71 . 1974 33 1298 72 . 2000 34 1309 73 2031 3.j 1321 74 2059 30 1334 75 2087 37 1340 70 , 2110 88 1359 INDEX, Ohsei-ve ; For Medicines for Horses, Cuttle, d-e., see the Velerinunj Index at the end. Abpbnetuy’s Pills Page . . .151 Acetate of alumina . . .280 iron .... lime .... oxide of amyle . . .321 soda .... . . .281 Acetic acid . . . perfumes . . fumigations . . .330 Acetimetry . . . Acid, acetic . . . carbonic . . chloric . . . chromic . . . • . 2S2 cinnamic . . fluoric . . . hixtijuric . . . . . 283 iodic .... muriatic . . nitric . . . . . . 2.8-1 • nitro-muriatic . . . 2'H oxalic . . . . . . 281 phosx>horic . . . . . 285 pyrogallic . . . . .285 sulphuric . . . . . 285 sulpihuric, dry . . .280 sulphurous . . . 286, 330 tannic . . . Acidimetry . . . Acids for galvanic battery . 287 Acids and alkaline earbo- nates, table of the neutra- lizing proportions of some 434: Acidulated kali 2.51 eliervescing powders . 255 lemonade 252 lemonade powder . . 2.>l syrup of raspberries . 257 syrnp of strawberries . 257 Acton .s solution for baldness 221 1' 1> 1 Page Ailgyptiacum yl Aerated chalybeate . . . 192 ginger beer .... 250 ginger-beer pow ders . 251 lemonade 253 lemonade powders . . 251 orangeade ..... 25-1 orangeade pow der . . 255 sherbet 251 sherbet xjowder . . . 255 waters .... 187, 193 waters, alkaline . . . 187 w'aters, chalybeate . . 192 lithia water .... 188 magnesia 188 saline 188 Ague drops 151 Aix-la-Chapelle water . . 191 Albespeyrcs paijcr .... 179 Alcohol 288 .lUkalimetry 288 Alkaline lotion for the mouth 211 jUkaliue solution, Brandish’s 157 Alloys, various 288 .lUmond flavour 271 piiste 215 powder 216 honey paste . . . .210 soaxt 219 bloom 218 Alum 289 mordants 318 Amalgams 289 for teeth 218 Amalgamated zinc .... 110 Amaclou 290 American shampoo . . . 225 tooth xtowder .... 230 Ammonia, carbonate . . . 290 sulx)hato 290 2 1 433 INDEX. Page Axnmoniacal gas .... 333 Ammoniated perfumes . . 200 Eau de Cologne . , . 206 Anatomical preparations, to preserve 290 Anchovies, essence . . . 273 paste 274 Anderson’s pills 151 Animal charcoal .... 306 Animals, to preserve . . . 291 Annotto, purified .... 291 solution 291 Anodyne necklaces . . . 152 Anti-attrition 291 Antihilious pills 152 Antiferment 292 Antipertussis 152 Antiscorbutic elixir . . . 243 Antiseptic tooth powder . . 236 Antispasmodic drops, Grin- drod’s 171 Aperient pills, various . . 152 Apothecaries’ measure . . 415 (the former) . . . .417 weight 415 Apparatus, luting for . . . 305 Aqua cosmetica 212 fortis 292 Arabine 292 Arbor Diame 400 Argentum musivum . . . 292 Armenian cement .... 302 Aromatic pastils .... 209 tooth powder .... 236 vinegar 206 Arquebusade (acid) . . . 152 aromatic 196 Arrow-root 259 Arsenic, self-detecting . .411 Artificial manure .... 35S Asiatic tooth powder . . . 236 Asses’ milk, artificial . . . 260 Atkinson’s infant preserva- tive 153 Aurum musivum .... 292 Australian moss .... 261 Avoirduiiois weight . . . 416 Axle grease 291 Azote, or nitrogen . . 335, 413 Azure blue 371 Pacheb’s pills 154 Page Baden water IhS Baking powder 154 Bailey 8 itch ointment . . 154 BaiUie’s julls 15-1 Balaruc water 191 Baldwin’s phosphorus . . 292 Baldness, cures for . 222, 225 Balls, ash 292 blacking 296 breeches 293 camphor 216 for copjdng .... 293 wash 220 heel 293 scouring 293 furniture 331 Balsam of honey . . . .171 ofhorehound .... 168 Bancroft's solution of tin . 318 Bandoline 232 Barclay’s pills 164 Bareges water 191 Baregian balls 15-4 Barium, peroxide of . . . 293 Bark, ess. Siilt of . . .154 Barley water 260 Barth’s green 376 Barytes, clilorate of . . . 307 Baster’s farina 264 Bate’s eye-water . . . .155 anodyne balsam . . .155 unguentuin criniscum . 224 Bateman’s drops .... 154 Bateman’s itch ointment . 155 Bathing spirits 165 Bath digestive pills . . . 155 lozenges 155 Baume de vie 155 Baynton’s plaster .... 155 Bean-flower water .... 194 Bear’s grease 224 factitious 227 green 227 B5cceur’s arsenical soap . . 3i)3 Beddoe’s pills 155 Beef tea 266 Beer, ginger 250 spruce 256 treacle 256 Beetle wafer 155 poison 293 INDEX. 439 Bell metal ijs9 Bengal cliitni 2G9 Benzole 293 Bettou’s British oils . . . loo Bewlcy’s chalybeate . . . 155 Beverages 250 Bird lime 2M Biscuits, aperient .... 155 meat 2t>7 gluten 268 Bismuth, white 218 Bisulphurct of carbon . .294 Bistre 37-J. Black, Brunswick .... 300 draught 156 drop 156 dux 3it ink 344 dyes 317 Black, japan 296 oils 80 reviver 206 Blacking hall 296 liquid 294 paste 296 for harness .... 296 without brushing . . 295 ^ patent India rubber . 295 Blaine’s cUstemper powders 156 Blake’s toothache remedy . 245 Blancmange 263 Irish moss 2til Bleaching of oils .... 362 of w ax 408 liquid 296 Blistering tissue 156 Blue ink 3 16 pigments 374 Prussian . . . . 380 smalts and azrfro . . 374 Turnbull’s 380 Blue veriiiter, &c 374 Boerhaave’s odontalgic . . 215 Bones, sulphatcd .... 297 Bookbindiu's’ stains . . . 298 Boot powder 298 Boot-top liquid 297 Boots, to render waterproof 407 Booth’s axle-grease . . . 291 Page Borax, glass of 337 Berated tincture of myrrh . 213 Bories’ odontalgic .... 243 Bottle cement 303 •Boudet’s depdatoiy . . . 157 Braden’s farina 264 Braude’s toothache tincture 245 • ink 344 Brandish’s alkaline solution 156 Brazil paper 395 Bread, uufermented . . . 267 gluten 267 Breakfast powder .... 2(i5 Bright’s nutritious farina . 264 Brighton green 375 Brine for pork, &c. . . . 278 British herb tobacco . . .157 oils 157 Brodum’s cordial . . . .157 Brocchieri’s styptic . . . 157 Broma 2(i3 Bronze (alloys) 188 for hgures 411 powder 2i)8 Bronzing liquids . . 298,411 ball 293 Brosse de corail 299 Browning for gun-harrela . 299 Brugnatedi’s fuhuinating sil- ver Brunswick black . . . . 3U0 green . . . . Bug poison . . . . . . 3(K) Bullock’s scmola . . . . 268 Burnett’s (Sir W.) disinfect- ing fluid 157, 213 Butter of Antimony . . . 300 to preserve . . . . . 300 Butyric ether . . . . . 301 CAimAGB paper . . . . . 395 Cachou aromatiso . . . . 210 Cadet’s tooth powder . . . 236 Cajoput liniment . . . . 157 Campliine . . 301 Camphor, artificial . . 301 b.all fluid liniment. . . . . . 157 washbafls . . . . . 220 ■* This requires to be cautiously n.scd, as it acts on the skin. 410 INDEX. Pafie Camphorated chalk . . . 237 tooth x>o\vder .... 237 Candies 301 Candy, caraway 176 hve-long 176 Canton’s phosphorus . . . 301 Ciioutchouc, solvents for . 369 Cap cement 303 Capillairc syrup 256 limoniatecl 257 Capsules, gelatinous . . . 301 Caraway candy 176 essence of 271 Carbon, gee Charcoal . . . 306 writing ink 318 sulphuret of ... . 29-1 Carbonic acid gas .... 334 oxide 334 dentrifice 237 Carburetted hydrogen . . 334 Carlsbad water 189 Carmine 372 Carminative, Dalby’s . . . 163 Carrabelli’s tooth powder . 237 Carrageen 261 Carron oil 157 Carthamino 373 Cartwright’s tooth powder . 237 Case-hardening powders . . 302 Cassareop 275 Cassolettes 208 CastiUon’s powders . . . 167 Castor oil pomade .... 228 Catsup, mushroom . . . 274 walnut 274 Catch’s hair dye 234 Caustics for corns . . . .155 Cayenne, soluble .... 270 essence 272 Cements, various . . 302 — 305 for apparatus .... 305 Armenian 302 Cement bottle 303 cap 303 coppersmith’s . . . 304 for cracks in iron . . 304 curd 303 diamond 303 engineer’s 30-t French 304 hydraulic 304 Page Cement for marble . . . 305 Massiat’s 301 Roman 301 shell-lac 302 soft 305 for teeth, various . . 247 Tiuger’s 304 Turner 303 Cephalic snulT 157 Ceylon moss 261 Chalybeate, Palmer’saerated 179 water 192 Chamberlaine’s pills . . . 158 Cliameleon mineral . . . 306 Chamomile pills 158 drops 158 Charcoal, anunal .... 306 vegetable 3()6 tooth-powder .... 237 tooth-paste . . . .2-11 Chelsea pensioner .... 158 Cheltenham salts .... 158 Chemic blue 306 Chemical elements, table of 427 Cherry paste for teeth . . 211 Chevallier’s hair dye . . . 233 Chilblains, remedies for . . 158 Chinese depilatory .... ‘235 Ching’s lozenges .... 159 Chirayta pills 160 Chitui, lleugal 269 Chlorate of potash . . . . 3(i7 Chloride of lime 3o7 potash 3o3 soda 356, 308 Chlorine gas 334 — — fumigation 329 lozenges 211 Cldoroform 308 Chocolate and Cocoa . . . ‘263 Cholera, remedies for . . 3 59 Chromate of lead . . . 385 Chromate of potash . . . 309 Chromatype paper .... 370 Chrome, yellow, red, &c. . 375 green 376 Chromic acid 282 Cinnamic acid 282 Circassian cream .... 228 tooth powder .... 237 Clichoe moulds 2s9 INPEX. 44i Page Glutton’s febrifuge . . . . ItiO Coatliupe’s writing fluid . . 348 Cochiiioal lake 373 liquid 357 Cochrane’s cough mixture . 100 Coflbe, dandelion .... 163 Cold cream 214 granulated 215 Collier’s wine of quinine . . 160 Collins’s disinfecting powder 314 Collodion 309 Colours for maps .... 311 for confectioners . . . 311 for druggist’s show- bottles 309 liqueurs 312 liquid 311 vehicles for . . . .312 Coloured fires . . , . . 322 flames 323 Colouring for brandy, &c. . 311 Comparison of thermometric scales .122 Composition for electro- moulds 320 Composition for sand-cracks 99 Coniiunents, various . . . 254 Consumption, remedies for . 161 Copaivi, solution of . . . 154 Copper, black and red oxide 312 nitrate of 312 Coral dentifrice 238 tooth-paste .... 241 Corns, caustic for . . . .162 plasters 161 plasters, mechanical . 161 solvents for .... 102 Cosmetics, hair 222 skin 212 teeth 236 for chapped nipples • 174 Conmetiques, in sticks for bair 234 Cottereau’s tooth-ache drops 245 Cotton, gun 342 Cough lozenges 176 linetus 161 Court plaster 162 Crayons, lithogr.aphic . . 350 Cream, cold 214 lemon 214 wash balls 220 Page Crystalline cream .... 228 castor oil pomade . . 228 Cuemnber pomade .... 214 Currant jell}' 258 Curr}' powder 268 paste, true 269 Custard powder 268 Daffy’s elixir 1U2 Daguerreotype plates . . 377 Dalby’s carminative . . . 163 Dalflia test .... 395, 397 Dandelion coffee .... 163 Darby’s oils . 81 Darcet’s lozenges . . . . 163 Dawson’s lozenges . . . . 164 De Handel’s tooth-ache paste 246 Delamotte’s golden drops . 164 Densham’s food 264 Dentifrices, various . 230 — 240 Deodorizing fluid, EUerman’s 313 Depilatories, various . . . 235 Derbyshire’s embrocation . 164 Deschamps’ tooth-powder . 236 Desforges’ tooth-powder . 236 extract of peUitory . . 2-13 Detergent tooth-powder . . 238 Dcutoxide of hydrogen . . 353 Dextrine 313 Diapente OO Diamond cement .... 302 Diastase 313 Dictamia 204 Dietetic articles 259 Digestive pills Ki4 Dinneford's fluid magnesia . 188 Dinner piUs 104 Disinfectants 313 Disinfecting fluid, Burnet’s . 313 Ellerman’s 313 Ledoyen’s 313 compounds 3] 4 Distemper powdei-s, Blaine’s 156 Dixon’s piUs 104 Dover’s powders .... 164 Drayton's silvering process . 310 Drinks, summer .... 250 Dryers, for painters . . .314 Drying oil 314 Dubbing, curriers’ . . . 314 Dullln’s Harrogate salts .171 Duncan’s lactuc. lozenges .164 412 INDEX. Page Duncan’s fl. ext. of senna . 164 gout remedy . . . .164 Dupasquier’s gaseous water 193 Dupuytren’s eye salve . . 164 pomade 222 Dutelj drops 164 Dyer’s compounds .... 31, '5 Dj'es, various 315 for the hair .... 232 for ivory 355 for wood 409 Dyon’s tooth {?asto .... 241 Eaton’s styptic 165 Eau d’amhre 199 d’ange 197 de Bottot 243 de bouquet 198 de carmes 196 de Cologne .... 196 coUante 232 dentifrice de Stahl . . 213 d’Egypt 233 d’elegance 193 d’ heliotrope . . . .198 de javeUe 161 d’lspahan 198 de luce 205 de marcschale . . . 198 de miel 197 de miUefleurs .... 198 de magnanimitd . . . 165 medicinal d’Husson . 165 de O’Meara .... 2^13 Komaiu . /•*• . . .198 de Eabel ..... 165 sansparciUe .... 198 de Rosiiires .... 199 de Ikidme. VriUiere . 244 Ebony pomatum .j' . . . 235 Edinburgh lozenges . . .175 ointment 168 Effervescing aperient . . . 176 powders 255 lemonade 253 powder 254 orangeade 254 orangeade powder . . 255 sherbet 254 sherbet powders . . . 255 chalybeate water . .193 seidlitz powders . . .182 Page Eger water _189 Eggs, to preserve .... 320 Elderllower water .... 194 Electro-gilding 377 solutions for .... 367 tissue 320 Electrotype moulds . 320, 412 solutions . . . . .414 Electuary, Mahomed’s . . 176 Elixir, Daffy’s 162 de Gams and Haller’s . 165 Kadcliff'e’s 181 of roses 243 Squire’s 183 Stoughton’s .... 184 for the teeth .... 243 of vitriol 165 Ellemian’s deodorizing fluid 165 Emerald green 376 Ems water 189 liimbrocation, Roche’s . . 181 Embrocations for the hair . 224 Emulsions, cosmetics . . 212 Engraving, liqidd .... 320 on glass 338 Engraver’s varuish . . . 404 Epicurean sauce .... 274 Equivalents, table of . 427, 429 Ervalenta 265 Eschalot wine 273 Essence of Ambergris . . 201 anchovies 273 I d’ambrette . . . .201 of bark 166 of bitter almonds . .271 bugs 321 Cambrian 279 of carawaj' 271 cayenne 272 of celery 271 chamomile 166 cinnamon, cloves, &e. . 271 Cologne 203 coltsfoot 173 cubebs 166 T flavouring 271 ginger 166 aromatic 271 jargonelle pears . . . 321 jessamine 2(H) Madden’s 176 INDEX 413 Pago Essence of musk .... 203 mustard 166 peppermint . . . .166 penyroyal 166 • — — patchouli 202 of pine-apple .... 301 — — of rennet 385 of roses 203 ■ rondeletia 203 royale 203 of sarsaparilla . . .166 for scenting pomatums 201 of Tyre 233 of yaniUa 202 of verbena 203 of vetiver 202 of violets 202 Westphalian .... 279 Essences, culinary .... 271 cone, infusions . . . 167 vinous 168 perfumed 202 Etching fluids . . . 321, 112 varnish 321 Extracts (eif niiis) of flowers 202 Extrait de bouquet . . . 202 de mareschalo, &c. . . 202 Extract of liquorice . . . 367 of meats 266 of malt 168 Faikthokp’s pills .... 168 Fards, or face paints . . . 217 Farinaceous food, Hard’s, &c 261 Farina (see Starches) . . . 392 Bright’s nutritious, &c. 26-1 Ferculum Saxonias . . . 261 Filtering powder .... 321 Finings for spirits .... 321 Fires, coloured 322 Fires, to extinguish . . . 322 Fixateur 232 Flames, coloured .... 323 Flavouring essence . . . 271 Flint, liquor of 321 Floating soap 219 Florentine dentifrice . . . 238 Flowers, to expand . . . 321 Fluide de .Java 230 - Fluxes, black and white . . 324 I Flux, Christison’s .... 32-1 I Page Flux crude 321 Cornish 325 Morveau’s 325 — — • Fresenius’, &c. . . . 325 Taylor’s 325 Fly poison ....... 324 Ford’s bals. horehound . . 168 Foreign weights & measures 419 FothergiU’s pills .... 169 Fox’s cream 228 Frank’s solution .... 183 Freckles, lotions for . . . 213 Freezing mixture .... 325 French polish 326 — — lip salve 217 mustard 273 tooth powder .... 238 Frigorific mixtures . . . 325 Fruit lozenges 176 Fulminating compounds . 327 cotton 342 powder 327 mercury 328 silver 328 Fumigating pastils . . . 209 Fumigations, acetic . . . 330 chlorine 329 muriatic 330 nitric 330 sulphur 330 tar 330 — — for tooth, ache . . . 2-16 Furniture cream .... 331 oil 331 paste 331 Fusible metal 288 Gad’s cement 304 Galvanic battery, acids for . 287 tooth powder .... 238 GaU, clarified 333 Galls, tincture of ... . 397 Gant’s cosmetiques . . . 217 Garaiicine 333 Gardiner’s alimentary pp. . 205 GannaTs solution .... 290 Gantein 333 Garrot’s covering for piUs . 332 Gases, to collect .... 3.33 Gas, ammoniacal .... 333 carbonic acid . . . 334 carbonic oxide . . . 334 INDEX. 444 Pafje Gas, chlorine 334 hydrogen 334 carhuretted hydrogen . S14 phosphurolted hydrog. 335 .sulphuretted hydrogen 335 nitrogen . . . 335, 413 protoxide 335 oxygen 336 ozone 413 - • — - sulphurous acid . . . 335 Gelatine 336 capsules 301 bone 336 Gelde pour Ic goitre . . . 169 Gentile’s gluten flour . . . 263 German bp salvo .... 217 paste 337 — — pomade 227 silver 239 tooth powder .... 233 Gihling 3.37 electro 337 by immersion ... 412 Ginger beer 250 beer powders . . . 251 essence of 166 aromatic tincture . . 271 Gingerbread purgative . . 169 Girambing 251 Glass, to cut 333 to mark or write on . 333 to silver 339 of borax 337 flux 412 soluble 333 Glazes 310 Gloves, to clean .... 332 Glue 340 liquid . , 341 marine 341 mouth ■ 341 Gluten, vegetable .... 341 bread 268 granulated 263 Ooadliy’s solutions . . . 291 Oodbohl’s veg. balsam . . 169 Godfrey’s cordial .... 169 smelling salts .... 206 Gold, factitious 289 mosaic 292 Golden ointment .... 170 Page Golden spirit of scurvy grass 170 compound 412 specific, Murray’s . . 178 Gout paper 170 medicine, Duncan’s . 164 piUs, Lartigue’s . . . 173 tincture, Wilson’s . . 136 Granulated gluten .... 268 Granville’s (Dr.) lotions . 170 Grape lip s^ve 217 Grave’s (Dr.) chilblain re- medy 158 Glout preventive . . . 171 Grecian water 2S3 Gregory’s powder . . . .171 Green dyes 317 pigments 376 Greenough’s tincture . . . 243 GrilTith’s mixture .... 171 Grindrod’s anlispasmodic . 171 Grosvenor’s tootli powder . 233 Gruel, oartueal 263 Guestouian embrocation . . 171 Gum, British 341 jlrabic, purified . . . 342 Gun cotton 342 white 34:3 powder 342 barrels, browned . . 299 Gutta Percha moulds . . .412 solvents for .... 390 Gyiisum, to harden . . . 343 Haerlem drojis .... 164 Hahnemann’s hair dye . . 233 wine test ‘399 Hair cosmetics 222 dyes 232 oils 229 pomades 223 — — powder 222 washes 231 to remove 235 to promote 222 to stilTen 232 Halford’s (Sir H.) pflls . . 171 Hamilton’s piUs 153 Harness blacking .... 296 Harrogate salts . . 171, 192 water 192 Hartshorn jelly 262 Heading for beer .... 3-43 INDEX. 415 Pape Ilelvetius’ styptic . . . .171 Hemet’s dentiiVice . . . . 239 Henbane fumigation . . . 216 Herb soup powder .... 276 tobacco J57 Hill’s balsam of honey . . 171 Honey, balsam of ... . 171 paste 216 soap .'219 water I97 H ooper’s pills 172 Hooping cough remedies . 172 Horse-radish powder . . . 270 Hoidton’s laudanum . . . 171 Hudson’s tincture .... 213 Huiles antiques 229 rose, jessamine, &c. . 229 macassar 231 de phenix 230 philcome, and como- , gene 230 Hungary water I97 Hunt’s breakfast powder . 265 Huxman’s tincture of bark . 172 Hydrochloric acid .... 283 — g“s 3.31 Hydrogen gas 33i dcutoxide 33.], carburetted, &c. . . .331 Hydrophobia, to prevent . 113 Hypochlorite of potash . .308 Hyposulphite of soda . . 389 ICEL.VND moss 260 chocolate 261 ; jelly 260 Imperial dnnk 252 pop 251 measure 415 Incense 359 India pickle 278 rubber, solvents for . 389 Indigo, purilied 3,13 dyes solutions 306 test paper 395 Infants’ preservative . . .153 Inks, various . . . 3.J.1, 353 writing, black .... 31-1 anticorrosive .... 311 copying 314j j packers’ 349 1 Q of Ink powder .... — red blue green .... yellow .... gold and silver . indestructible Indian .... horticultural . . for writing on steel lithograpliic . . for marfang linen without preparation printers’ . . . sympathetic . . lodate of potash . . Iodide of potassium . Iodine .... Iodized paper . • . test Iridescent paper . . Irish moss, preparations Iron, acetate of . . liquor .... persulphate of . cement .... Isinglass plaster .... Issue peas .... Ivory black, true . . to stain .... to bleach and gild James’s analeptic pills powders . . .Japan black . . . .Japanese cement . Jarave, Spanish . . Jelly, currant . . gelatine . . . hartshorn . . Iceland moss . of Ceylon moss salep .... isinglass . . Jessamine, esprit . perfumed oil of extract . . . water . . . , Jesuits’ drops . . i Kalypoe lolion . . I Kemmerer’s tooth powder Q Pago . 316 . 316 . 316 . 3-18 . 318 . 313 . 318 . 310 . 319 . 319 . 350 . 350 . 351 . 352 . 352 . 351 . 351 . 353 . 369 . 395 . 366 . 261 . 281 . 319 . 351 . 301 . 355 . 175 . 172 . 355 . 355 . 356 . 173 . 173 . 296 . 301 . 173 . 258 . 262 . 262 . 260 . 261 . 261 . 262 . 200 . 229 . 202 . 195 . 173 . 212 . 239 416 INPEX. Page Page King cup 252 Lemonade, aerated . . 253 King’s yellow 375 dry .... Ketchup, mushroom . . . 274 powders . . . . . 254 walnut 274 milk .... . . 253 Kirkland’s cerate .... 173 Lentil powder . . . . 265 Kitchener’s, Dr., essence of Leroj^’s purgative . . . 174 cayenne 272 Liebert’s nipple cosmetic . 174 of ginger 271 Limoniated ginger-beer . . 251 of spices 271 Linctus, for coughs . . 161 pease powder .... 270 Liniment, cajeput . . . 157 peristaltic persuaders . 173 camphorated . . . 157 soup herb powder . . 270 St. John Long’s . . 175 spirit of soup herbs 272 Linseed tea . . . . . 260 savoury spices . . , 270 oU, refined . . . . 357 tincture of cinnamon . 271 boiled . . . . . 314 Kvan’s solution for wood . 356 clarified . . . . . 357 Lahabkaql’e’s liquid . . . 356 Lip salve, rose . . . . 216 Lac, stick, seed, and shell . 356 Peruvian . . . . 217 to bleach 356 German . . . cement 302 grape , . . . . 217 spirit 319 French . . . . . 217 Lacquers 402 Liqueur dorde . . . . 174 Lactucarium lozenges . . 176 Liquid amalgam . . 2S9 Lait de fraichenr .... 213 disinfecting . . 313 virginal 213 glue .... . . 302 Lakes 357, 373 for the teeth . . . 210 Lake, cochineal 373 Liquids, table of weights and Ilrazil, &c 373 measures of . . . . 418 liquid 357 Liquorice, purified . . 357 yellow. Sec 374 Liston’s plaster . . . . 175 Landerer’s cure for baldness 225 Lithographic paper . . 365 Lane’s (Dr.) vinous essences 168 ink .... . . 360 Lardner's tooth powder . . 239 Litmus . . 358 Ijartigue’s gout pills . . . 173 paper . . , . . 395 Lavender tooth powder . . 239 tincture . . . • water 195 Leath’s alimentary farina . 265 Lee’s pills 17i Ledoyen’s (lisinfectinc fluid 313 lefbulon’s tooth powder . . Lejeune’s balsam .... LeVandinicre’s elixir . . . Lemazurier’s odontalgic . Lemon juice — — flavour 271 kali . . . .2/VV . 2© pickle 27t embrocation .... 213 cream .... 213, 214' wash Ijalls 220 Lemonade, acidulated . . 252 239 171 213 215 279 212 Live-long candy Locock’s lotion for the hair Long’s, St. John, liniment Lotions for the mouth of chloride of soda for chilblains . for the skin Lozenges, absorbent alkaline . . . aperient . . Ching’s . . . black currant . and ipecac. cough . . . digestive . . Edinburgh . . 176 224 175 212 231 1.58 213 175 163 175 L52 176 176 17(5 176 176 I^’DEX. 447 Pafre Eozenges, fruit 17(j Lubricating compounds . . 358 Lucifer matches .... .3{i0 Luminous vials 358 Lutes, various 305 Lynch’s embrocation . . . 17G Macassar oil 231 Madden’s essence .... 176 Magnesia, fluid 177 Magnesian aperient . . . 178 Mahomed’s electuary . . . 170 Mahy’s plaster 177 Maissat’s cement .... 301 Manures, artificial . . . .358 IVIaredant’s Norton’s drops . 177 Marble, to clean .... 350 to stain 359 jMarienbad water . . . .' 189 Marine glue ' 3n Marking ink for linen . ! 350 without preparation 413, 351 Slarmoratum 2 tS Marmalade 258 Marsdeu’s drops .... 177 Marsh’s dahlia test . . . 390 Marshall’s cerate . . . .177 eye drops 177 Marrow oil 230 • pomatum 227 Mastic varnish 403 Matches, lueifer, &c. . . . 359 Matthieu’s vermifuge . . . 197 Maury’s tooth powder . . 239 Measures, tables of . . . 415 Meat biscuit 267 Medals, to bronze . . 298, 411 Medallions, perfumed . . 209 Mercury, fulminating . . 328 Metallic cements .... 248 Metges’ tooth powder . . 239 — — tooth paste . . . <*241 Mialhe’s dentifrice .... 239 ■ chalybeate water . .193 — ^ ioduretted water . .193 Jliee and rat poison . . . 383 Milk of cucumbers .... 213 • of houseleek .... 213 of roses 212 preserved 300 Jlineral green 370 waters 187 Page Mineral chameleon . . . 300 !Mistura odorata . . . . 2(U Mohr’s lute for retorts . . 300 Montein’s balls for baths . 179 Mont d’or water , . . .192 Jiloiree metaUique . . . .301 Mordants, alum .... 318 tin 318 for marking ink . . . 350 Morrison’s pills 177 ; paste 17H Morveau’s flux 325 Moseley’s pills 178 Moss, Australian .... 201 Ceylon 20I Iceland 201 Irish 261 Moulds, electrotype . 320, 412 Mouth cosmetics .... 236 Mo.xon’s magnesian aperient 178 Muriatic acid . . Muriate of tin . . . Murray’s fluid magnesia camphor . . . gout specific . . Mushroom catsup . . Mustard for the table . French .... Mju-rh dentifrice . . tincture, odoriferom Nankeen dye . . Naples water . . . — — yellow Neligan’s (Dr.) pills Nelson’s gelatine . Neutralizing proportions, table of Nipples, lotion for . .' Nitrate of barj'tes . silver .... — ; — strontian . . . Nitrite of potash . . Nitrogen gas . . . — ^ — proto-xide of . . Nitroprusside of sodium Norris’s drops . . . Noulllcr’s worm medicine Novargent .... OnoNTALGre tinctures elixir Odoril'eroustinetureofmj 283' 318 177 173 173 274 273 273 239 242 317 192 375 153 336 434 174 301 301 362 412 336, 41.3 335 302 176 178 362 245 245 rh 242 44S INDEX. Page Odoriferous lavender water. 195 Oil, boiled and diying . .311 furniture 3-U Macassar 231 ^ marrow 239 Oils, of amljorgris, musk, &c. 230 roses, violets, &c. , . 229 jjerfumed, various . . 230 for tlie Iiair .... 229 to purify 362 to bleach 362 for machinery . . , . 361 carron ■ . 157 black BO Darby’s .81 Drilfield 121 “ jffrshall’s ■.’.!! ’. 81 Newmarket .... 81 Nine 81 Ea5 Wimlsor 219 Helvetius’ . . . 171 Stvda powders 182 Styrol 393 Bolt cement 305 Struve’s lotion . . . 181 Solders, various 219 Sugar resin .... 391 452 INDEX. Page Sulphuretted liydrogen . . 335 Sulphite of coi>per .... 391 Sulphocyanide of ammonium 394 Swaim’s vermifuge .... 1S4 Sydenham’s laudanum . . 184 Sirop d’orgeat 256 Syrup of almouds .... 257 capillaire 256 limoniated 257 milk 394 pine apple 257 raspberries 257 strawberries .... 257 Syrups for flavouring effer- vescing draughts . . . 256 Table of weights and mea- sures 415 foreign weights, &o. . 419 chemical equivalents . 427 TalFetas vesicant .... 150 Tamara . 269 Tannin 286 mouth lotions .... 242 Tanjore piUs 184 Tapioca 2i>9 Taveare’s tooth cement . . 247 Teeth cosmetics 236 Teeth, stopping for . • . 247 Test papers 395 solutions 396 Clark’s, for water . . 393 Hahnemann’s wine . . 399 Pettenkoffer’s, for bile 400 Trommer’s 399 Tin, solutions of 318 mordants 318 tree 400 Tincture of ambergris . . . 201 civet 201 red cabbage .... 396 balsam of Peru . . . 201 _ gaUs 397 ginger 271 litmus 397 musk 201 musk seejl 201 myrrh, odoriferous . . 212 borated '. 212 patchouli 202 of quinine 184 of rhodium .... 202 Page Tincture of vanilla .... 202 vetiver 202 Tinctures, culinary . . . 271 for the teeth . . . . 2 44 perfumed 201 test 297 Tissot’s purgative . . . .184 Tissue, blistering .... 156 Tobacco water 407 Tooth powders 236 pastes 210 tinctures 242 Toothache remedies . . . 244 Tons les mois 259 Trade chemicals .... 280 Transparent soap .... 220 Treacle beer ..'... 250 Trees, metallic 4